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Black Women in Finance
Get PDFThe concept of gender has long played a role in United States’ history, greatly impacting and restructuring our economy. The push for gender equality in America has altered how organizations operate across different occupational fields. While the 2020 Equal Rights Amendment has yet to pass, many organizations are still motivated to reach total gender equality and balance within their firms. While there is a fight for feminism and gender equality, it is not a racially inclusive one. Black women face the most discrimination both in the workplace, and in social settings. Misogynoir is defined as prejudice against Black women, highlighting the ways in which they are oppressed in both gender and race. Moya Bailey, an African American feminist scholar and activist, coined the term because misogyny did not encompass the insufferable anti-blackness Black women were experiencing, due to hyper focus on the prejudices against white women. Many organizations and industries in the United States have made targeted efforts towards achieving a more gender balanced employee base, except one. The finance industry seems to be one of the last racially divided and gendered institutions. Women’s role within economic organizations are the least represented in comparison to all other occupations. Black women specifically, represent an even smaller percentage. To better understand how gender plays a role within this industry, it is imperative to analyze the political and economic history regarding the structure of financial institutions. The aim of this paper is to address and better understand the factors that restrict Black women from entering, staying, and succeeding within the finance industry
Mis-Nourished Nation: Analysis of the Impact of SNAP Benefits on Food Deserts in the U.S.
Get PDFResearchers from a range of fields have been concerned with learning about and addressing food security and access issues, but have done less to tackle the specific issue of food deserts. Rooted in a historical analysis of diet and health, I examine how trends in agricultural subsidies and other structural factors contribute to a cycle of health issues, poverty and “mis-nourishment”. Further, I review and evaluate existing interventions. Then, with the use of grounded theory, I conduct a systematic review of sources within the EBSCO Host database concerning both “food access, insecurity and deserts” and “SNAP Benefits” to determine the effectiveness of the SNAP program in addressing the specific issue of food deserts. At the conclusion of my research, the literature led me to believe that, while the SNAP program increases food security, there is not sufficient evidence to prove that the SNAP program specifically targets the issue of food deserts. To better combat the problem of food deserts, other programs need to be established and combined with the SNAP program. Future work should investigate which interventions most effectively target the issue of food deserts, and further research is needed to assess how they can be combined with the SNAP program to address food insecurity
Criminal Justice Updates - September 2020
Get PDFThe Criminal Justice Update is a monthly newsletter created by the Adams County Bar Foundation Fellow providing updates in criminal justice policy coming from Pennsylvania\u27s courts and legislature as well as the US Supreme Court.
Contents: Updates from PA Governor\u27s Office Highlights from Executive Order Number: 2019-06: Reducing Gun Violence Updates from the PA Legislature Criminal Law & Procedure Victims Issues Updates from the PA Courts PA Superior Court: Criminal Law & Procedur
What Happens to Social Movements When They Succeed: The Case of the 4 Percent for Education in the Dominican Republic
No full textA political opportunity structure that emerged in the Dominican Republic between 2009 and 2012 facilitated the victory of a movement that forced the government to begin spending 4 percent of the gross domestic product on preuniversity education, but the movement was unable to develop a social base that would ensure the effective implementation of its demand. This case suggests that a movement’s success in reaching its formal goal is just the first stage in a struggle whose second stage is continued pressure on the state to ensure that demands are implemented
The Rise and Fall of Marcha Verde in the Dominican Republic
No full textThe Marcha Verde movement emerged in 2017 to protest bribery on the part of the Brazilian transnational Odebrecht. It conducted 25 protests in the provinces and large marches in July 2017 and August 2018 but ultimately failed to force the government to try those responsible. As a movement for the democratization of democracy through the construction of citizens’ rights, it was a watershed moment in Dominican political history. However, it did not have time to build the social base that would have allowed it to challenge the authorities. The political parties that supported it were only interested in weakening the official party, and the electoral race intervened as the way to channel the movements’ demands, leaving the radicals alone in calling for a transformation of the political sphere
Criminal Justice Updates - December 2020
Get PDFThe Criminal Justice Update is a monthly newsletter created by the Adams County Bar Foundation Fellow providing updates in criminal justice policy coming from Pennsylvania\u27s courts and legislature as well as the US Supreme Court.
Contents: Updates from PA Governor\u27s Office (no updates this month) Updates from the PA Legislature (no updates this month) Updates from the Courts U.S. Supreme Court: Criminal Law & Procedure PA Supreme Court: Criminal Law & Procedure PA Superior Court: Criminal Law & Procedur
Bartolomeo Ammannati
No full textBartolomeo Ammannati [Ammanati] (b. 1511–d. 1592) was a prominent sculptor and architect working in Florence in the mid- to late 16th century. He is considered a key figure of the Italian Mannerist period. One of many artists working in the wake of Michelangelo Buonarroti, Ammannati began as a pupil of Baccio Bandinelli before working under Jacopo Sansovino and Giovanni Angelo Montorsoli. Ammannati developed a style that drew on the dynamic compositions of Michelangelo but one that was tempered with a sense of restraint and an ability to engage bold classical forms and details. In the 1530s and 1540s, Ammannati worked on significant projects, such as Sansovino’s Biblioteca Marciana in Venice and Montorsoli’s tomb for the poet Jacopo Sannazaro installed in Naples. However, he encountered a frustrating setback when his tomb for the soldier Mario Nari in SS. Annunziata in Florence was criticized and taken down amidst religious objections. Between 1544 and 1548, Ammannati created remarkable sculptural and architectural ensembles in Padua for humanist and antiquarian Marco Mantua Benavides, including a triumphal arch, statues of Jupiter and Apollo and a colossus of Hercules, whose towering twenty-nine-foot figure was reproduced on a print by Enea Vico and Antonio Lafreri (1553). Ammannati’s tomb for Benavides in the Church of the Eremitani is celebrated for its sculptural and architectural balance, illustrating his take on Michelangelo’s unfinished wall tombs in the Medici Chapel. In 1550, Ammannati married Laura Battiferra of Urbino, an accomplished poet and a prominent figure in the devotional culture of Counter-Reformation Italy. He traveled to Rome where he undertook important commissions related to the papal family, including tombs for the Del Monte in S. Pietro in Montorio and portions of Julius III’s Villa Giulia, on which he collaborated with Giorgio Vasari and Jacopo Vignola. Ammannati’s elegant and whimsical Nymphaeum for the Villa Giulia showcases his developing architectural style. In 1555, Ammannati returned to Florence to serve under Duke Cosimo I de’ Medici, where his service to this family would mark the height of his career and see the full maturity of his style. His works exemplify Mannerism at its height, from the artfully elongated bronzes of the Neptune Fountain to the playful rustication of the Palazzo Pitti courtyard. His numerous fountains present splendid and witty tableaux, and his bronze Ops for the Studiolo of Francesco de’ Medici stands out for its grace and refinement. As architect and engineer, he was responsible for landmarks such as the Ponte Santa Trinità and the Column of Justice, and he oversaw construction materials for the Cathedral and the Uffizi. In his later years, Ammannati took on architectural projects outside of Florence and he grew increasingly dedicated to the Jesuit order and the concerns of the Counter Reformation, even condemning the display of nudity in his own work in 1582. He and Laura left their possessions to the Jesuits and helped with the reconstruction of the church of S. Giovannino in Florence, funding a chapel where they were buried. [excerpt
Faculty Meeting Minutes - October 15, 2020.
No full textMinutes of the Gettysburg College Faculty Business Meeting, October 15, 2020
Faculty Meeting Minutes - November 19, 2020.
No full textMinutes of the Gettysburg College Faculty Business Meeting, November 19, 2020
Muslim Communities and Cultures of the Himalayas: Conceptualizing the Global Ummah
No full textThis book chronicles individual perspectives and specific iterations of Muslim community, practice, and experience in the Himalayan region to bring into scholarly conversation the presence of varying Muslim cultures in the Himalaya.
The Himalaya provide a site of both geographic and cultural crossroads, where Muslim community is simultaneously constituted at multiple social levels, and to that end the essays in this book document a wide range of local, national, and global interests while maintaining a focus on individual perspectives, moments in time, and localized experiences. It presents research that contributes to a broadly conceived notion of the Himalaya that enriches readers’ understandings of both the region and concepts of Muslim community and highlights the interconnections between multiple experiences of Muslim community at local levels.
Drawing attention to the cultural, social, artistic, and political diversity of the Himalaya beyond the better understood and frequently documented religio-cultural expressions of the region, this book will be of interest to academics in the fields of Anthropology, Geography, History, Religious Studies, Asian Studies, and Islamic Studies.https://cupola.gettysburg.edu/books/1175/thumbnail.jp