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THE IMPORTANCE OF FREQUENT USAGE OF VARIOUS MOTIVATIONAL STRATEGIES IN SECOND LANGUAGE ACQUISITION
No full textWhy do the students of second language acquire it with different level of achievement? Which
factors influence better acquisition of L2? What is the role of motivation and motivational strategies in SLA?
These questions always bother the ones who are involved in teaching process, and second language
acquisition. These questions can be related to the term of motivation. Motivation is defined as the process
that initiates, guides, and maintains goal-oriented behaviours, or collective set of ideas and forces that
influence people to think in a certain way. So, motivation can, really be considered as a very important
factor that has a great impact in students SLA, especially the motivation and the strategies employed by the
teachers in the classroom. This paper is concerned about the various motivational strategies that teachers use
to motivate their students while acquire the second language. In fact, how often do they use various
motivational strategies in their teaching process in order to make the language acquisition and
comprehension easier. The research study was conducted to find out how frequently and in which
percentage are motivational strategies used by the teachers in the classroom, and which type or the group of
the same was used the most. The participants of the research study were the teachers of International
Primary Schools of Bosnia and Herzegovina, where English language is taught as a second language
Zastara potraživanja u pravnom sistemu Bosne i Hercegovine - de lege lata i de lege ferenda
No full textSažetak: Entitetski zakoni o obligacionim odnosima, kao osnovni pravni propisi koji regulišu institut zastare, predviđaju različita rješenja po pitanju općeg zastarnog roka, što je neodrživo sa stanovišta ustavno pravnih rješenja koja proizilaze iz čl. I/4. Ustava Bosne i Hercegovine. U radu se ukazuje na neusaglašenost takvih odredaba, kao i na štetne posljedice njihove primjene. Predmet posebne analize jesu odredbe koje propisuju pravila o otvrđenju početka zastarnog roka, kao i odredbe koje propisuju zastoj zastarnog roka za vrijeme u kojem povjerilac nije u mogućnosti zbog nesavladivih prepreka zahtijevati ispunjenje obaveze od dužnika. Ovo iz razloga što su navedene odredbe, zbog svoje nepreciznosti i nedorečenosti, generirale pojavu različitih pravnih shvatanja i neujednačene sudske prakse na prostoru zemalja bivše Jugoslavije, u kojima se primjenjuje/se primjenjivao Zakon o obligacionim odnosima iz 1978. godine.
U parlamentarnu proceduru Bosne i Hercegovine upućen je Prijedlog novog Zakona o obligacionim odnosima, kojim se na jedinstven način regulišu instituti obligacionog prava u oba bosanskohercegovačka entiteta. Ovaj zakonski tekst predviđa neka nova rješenja u pogledu zastarjelosti potraživanja. U radu je izvršena analiza i kvalitativna ocjena takvih rješenja, te se ukazuje na nužnost izmjena i dopuna i onih odredaba koje svojim kvalitetom ne zadovoljavaju potrebe savremenog pravnog prometa
The Role of Monetary Policy as the Foundation of Economic Development in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Get PDFAbstract: Macroeconomic stabilization of every country depends largely upon the conduct of appropriate economic policy, which comprises both fiscal and monetary policy; therefore, it is of great importance to choose the most adequate and productive ones. Many countries across the board have employed monetary policy in their attempt to ease the consequences of economic crises in the aftermath of global financial meltdown, and in the search for sustainable economic development. This paper was confined to the monetary policy in Bosnia and Herzegovina specifically, and its aim was to address the current Currency Board Regime along with the available monetary policy instruments and to determine whether an opportunity for the improvement of economic growth and consequently economic development lies within it. The importance of Central Bank was stressed out, as it represents the anchor of the monetary system. The paper comprises the analysis of the implemented CBR, its brief history, monetary policy instruments available and its consequences on the economy of B&H and based on that, the recommendations for exit-strategy which, ceteris paribus, represent a key to achieving higher levels of development. The economic indicators suggested that macroeconomic performance under CBA is not advantageous for B&H; therefore, it is thought that abandoning the arrangement either by joining the EMU or by making the Central Bank more independent is necessary.
Key words: Macroeconomic Stabilization Monetary Policy Instruments;B&H Currency Board Regime; Economic Development; Monetary Easin
The Monetisation of Assets through Concession and Applicability in the Sector of Energy in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Get PDFFinancial effects of monetisation through concession in the sector of energy in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) may well increase the level of domestic investments, production, exports, employment and general economic growth, without additional higher borrowings and loss of ownership in these strategically important industries. These new financial opportunities are necessary for faster economic development of the country, especially in the transitional period, as this development process is a great challenge in modern world economy. It requires significant commitment and coordinated efforts of the public and private sector.
The case study of Terminal Kakanj Power Plant (KPP) presented in this paper show that it is possible to implement monetization of assets through concession in the energy sector in BiH.
The empirical results provide evidence of positive correlations between monetisation through concession process and economic development in BiHor other transition and development countries.
Key words: monetization, concession, development, financial effects, energy sector.
JEL classification: O–Economic Developmen
Do Size and Origin Matter? Evidence from the Banking Market of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Get PDFThis paper supports research activities related to the performances of banks in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Observing diversified, decentralized and inhomogeneous banking market of Bosnia and Herzegovina arises questions such as whether large banks are better than small banks or whether foreign owned banks are better than locally owned banks. The main purpose of this study is to compare banks of different size and ownership origin in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The dataset includes 162 bank-years data and 24 financial ratios. The results show that small banks in Bosnia and Herzegovina have significantly higher net interest margin and are better capitalized than large banks. Large banks, however earn almost double interest revenue per employee compared to small banks. Foreign banks are significantly larger compared to local banks. It is also possible to discriminate between banks of different size and origin based on their financial performance.
Keywords: Bosnia and Herzegovina, banking, profitability, efficiency, size and origi
Sufiksi perzijskog porijekla u bosanskom jeziku
Get PDFU radu se istražuje zastupljenost sufiksa perzijskog porijekla u bosanskom jeziku, koji su općenito manje proučavani u poređenju s npr. sufiksima turskog porijekla. Želi se ukazati na činjenicu da oni nisu tako malobrojni, kako bi se moglo činiti, ali nisu ni pretjerano frekventni. Među njima, prisutne su i mnoge samostalne riječi iz perzijskog jezika, koje u našem jeziku imaju funkciju sufiksa, poput perzijskog kar, koje se u našem jeziku realizira kao -ćār/-ćer, i perzijskih hane, name i zade, koji se u našem jeziku ostvaruju kao -(h)ana, -nama i -zada. Pored njih, zabilježeni su i sufiksi: -dān/-den, -dār/-tār, -stān i -vān/-van, te sufiks -ane, jedini kojim se izvode prilozi. Cilj rada jeste ukazati i na potrebu njihovog podrobnijeg osvjetljavanja u kontekstu tvorbenog sistema bosanskoga jezika.
Ključne riječi: sufiksi, bosanski jezik, perzijski jezik, turski jezi
The meaning and use of phrasal verbs at C1 level
Get PDFDespite the fact that phrasal verbs are used in everyday English, foreign learners avoid learning and using them for their complexity and impossibility to understand the meaning of a phrasal verb from its separate parts (a verb itself and a particle separately). As a result of that many learners at C1 level, although being fluent speakers, experience various difficulties using them. The focus of the paper is placed on the meaning and the use of phrasal verbs and the difficulties which students find at C1 level of the English language. The analysis in this paper is based on the phrasal verbs used in the book “Objective CAE” (O`Dell & Broadhead, 2008, Cambridge University Press).
In this paper we are also interested in finding out why it is so difficult to understand and use phrasal verbs, the interaction between their meaning and understanding considering their polysemоus features. The results of this analysis may be useful for all ESL teachers to help them understand the difficulties their students face when dealing with phrasal verbs, especially at C1 level. Furthermore, it can be a valuable source for teachers how to introduce the phrasal verbs to their students and thus help them master phrasal verbs in both spoken and written discourse.
Keywords: phrasal verb, meaning, use, difficulty, English
Overcoming EFL Obstacles to (Reading) Academic Texts – Class Observation
Get PDFWhat are the obstacles that impede understanding and decrease proficiency in reading academic texts in ESP? Correspondingly, how can they be overcome to achieve learning outcomes of EFL courses at tertiary level? Broadly speaking, academic texts are used in numerous learning processes across various stages of study. They are designed or aimed at such a purposeso as to facilitate instruction and the transfer of knowledge in academic subjects studied at the university level by providing textual input for the conceptualization and presentation of facts and hypotheses related to students’ respective fields of study. In ESP teaching they are used to introduce academic language through relevant academic content, aiming to draw upon the students’ existing vocabulary base, build new lexical-semantic connections and raise the students’ overall foreign language proficiency level. Upon direct class observation, the authors have found that students perceive such texts as unnecessarily complex and the language they employ as obsolete and overly pretentious to be considered instrumental. The underlying reasons for this potentially disallowing perspective can be linked to insufficient knowledge of advanced professional vocabulary, elaborate grammatical structures and rhetorical organization patterns, coupled with affective factors, often manifested in the acquired bias toward more “everyday” texts employed in previous language instruction, which provide only a limited representation of language. The role of the teacher is thus to stimulate and channel the students’ professed interest and curiosity for their field of study by exploiting academic texts and various language acquisition techniques in order for students to successfully tackle demanding content and acquire new vocabulary and structures. This paper will aim to determine the common features of texts used in tertiary level ESP, namely in applied health sciences and international relations, and to explore and design effective reading techniques and language exercises that might help develop a comprehensive approach to the multilayer pattern that is academic text.
Keywords: academic text, tertiary level ESP, learning obstacles, reading technique