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Pravda i sloboda unutar zatvoreničke zajednice
Get PDFBez obzira na krivično pravo koje jasno propisuje kazne za krivična djela koja lica počine, te zakon o izvršenju krivičnih sankcija, koji striktno ukazuje na mjeru i način izdržavanja izrečene zatvorske kazne osuđena lica koja se nalaze na izdržavanju kazne imaju svoja pravila i svoj način određivanja kazne za pojedina lica. Zatvorska zajednica je specifična subkultura koja kroz svoja nepisana zatvorska pravila (zatvorenički kodeks) izriče pojedincima, koja su za njih počinila nemoralna djela (polno nasilje nad djetetom, silovanje, ..) kao i lica koja su nekada bili pripadnici MUP, dodatnu kaznu. Iako su svi, koji se nalaze na izdržavanju kazne u nekoj od kazneno-popravnih ustanova izloženi brojnim deprivacijama, sloboda i određni položaj unutar ove specifične zajednice se kupuje ili stiče kroz dokazivanje u neformalnoj grupi. Neformalni sistem je uvijek nasuprot onom formalnom i kao takav narušava funkcionisanje ustanove, te otežava odvijanje i samog procesa resocijalizacije. Upravo i cilj ovog rada jeste da ukažemo na karakteristike neformalnog zatvorskog sistema, te objasnimo kako i na koji način se sami zatvorenici stavljaju u položaj «sudije» i određuju pojedincima kaznu unutar svoje zatvoreničke zajednice
Historijskopravni aspekti antikorupcionog zakonodavstva- primjer atinskog i rimskog prava
Get PDFU sagledavanju historijskopravnog aspekta antikorupcionog zakonodavstva zadržat ćemo se na najistaknutijem eksperimentu u historiji države i prava- atinskoj demokraciji, koja je prva država antike koja je svojim uređenim zakonodavstvom reagovala na grozničavu borbu za novac- hremastike, i na pojavu novih bogataša- neoplutoi. Još od 487. godine stare ere izbor državnih funkcionera se vrši ždrijebom dok se rigorozna dokimastija, ispitivanje karaktera kandidata završava zakletvom budućeg arhonta da će, ako prihvati poklon ili mito bogovima posvetiti zlatni kip u prirodnoj veličini.
Najveći pravni sistem antike, rimsko pravo, je prvo društvo koje djelo korupcije uređuje krivičnopravnim normama donoseći veliki broj antikorupcionih zakona, računa se da je samo u periodu Republike donešeno oko 800 različitih zakona od kojih se petnaestak izrekom utvrđuju kao actiones populares- popularne tužbe, dostupne svakome građaninu kao kontrolni funkcija kojom se nadzire rad državnih organa.
Tako su već u antici utvrđeni elementi koje određuju sam pojam korupcije- novac odnosno njegova cirkulacija koja predstavlja krvotok ili živac koji je pokreće- nervus rerum garendarum, te njegova sprega sa elemetima javne vlasti
Sadržaj - Broj 2/2014
Get PDF“Social Perspectives - Journal for Legal Theory and Practice“ is available in full text at the Central and
Eastern European Online Library - CEEOL (www.ceeol.com) and on the web page www.ssrc.ibu.edu.b
OVERVIEW OF THE AUTOSOMAL STR CLUSTERING BETWEEN BALKAN POPULATIONS
Get PDFAutosomal short tandem repeats (STRs) are the most widely used DNA markers in forensic
investigation of the population history, human migration patterns, and genealogical research.
In this study, the usefulness of 13 most widely used STR loci (D3S1358, TH01, D21S11,
D18S51, D5S818, D13S317, D7S820, D16S539, CSF1PO, vWA, D8S1179, TPOX, and FGA)
was examined along with the investigation of their application in the studies of the phylogeny
of human populations. We compared allele frequencies of STR loci of the populations from
the Balkan Peninsula to determine the similarities and differences among them and to
determine how informative they are when it comes to the human identity testing. We made
UPGMA phylogenetic tree using POPTREE2 software and Nei’s table of genetic distances
using MEGA5.21 software. Additionally, MDS (multidimensional scaling) plot was generated
using SPSS 20.0 software. The results implied that both geographical proximity and shared
history are determining the strong clustering of the populations on the Balkans. Another
conclusion drawn from this overview is that the studied STR markers are highly polymorphic
and thus, satisfyingly informative to be used for human identity testing and phylogenetic
research.
Keywords: Balkan Peninsula, autosomal STRs, phylogenetic tree, genetic distance, clustering,
population stud
The Abandonment of the Poverty-Debt Circle by Dint of the Fiscal policy: the Modest B&H Experience
Get PDFThe recent crisis that was taking the stage in the 2008/2009 pioneered in developed countries (US and UK) after the failure and merging of numerous financial institutions, bailout of banks, and downturns in stock markets, but soon occupied most countries around the globe. As the consequence of the aforementioned experience many developing countries were caught into a cycle of poverty and debt which impairs a long-term, stable and sustained economic growth.
The story of developing nation’s wide indebtedness starts with the advice of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and World Bank to borrow the necessary capital to achieve the economic recovery. So they were forced to borrow heavily in order to survive. There is generally ‘lack of agreement’ about the effects fiscal policy may have during crisis and thus the recent economic crisis stimulated various policy responses globally. But literature agrees that fiscal policy growth support is significantly hampered by the high initial levels of public debt.Bosnia and Herzegovina, a SEE developing country, are not an exception from this plague.
It was floating for long without any BH institution in the ‘driving seat’ since the local fiscal coordination was in the hands of international community. In 2008, just prior to the Great recession but as the response to the missing fiscal responsibility International organizations advised the Fiscal Council of Bosnia and Herzegovina establishment. But the current situation in Bosnia and Herzegovina is quite away from this idea of sustainability and continuous economic development.In line with aforementioned statements, the objective of this study is to evaluate the existing fiscal policy in the developing Bosnia and Herzegovina in lights of existing relevant literature and to define modes that will perhaps brighten the crucial macroeconomic indicators.
Keywords: Fiscal policy, debt, IMF, World Bank, unemployment, Central Bank, stand-by arrangement, developing
Role of the Media in Shaping Political and Electoral Behavior of the Albanian University Students
Get PDFIt is commonly accepted that media plays a central role in the functioning of modern democracies. As part of democratic system, media also plays a crucial role in shaping people’s political opinion and behavior. No one can deny its predominant influence in voting behavior. In order to understand its direct effect in voting choice the paper is going to look at Albanian media and its deep involvement and attention to politics. The main objective of this empirical research is to reveal the role of media in changing political behavior among university students in Albania. The study critically analyses the direct impact of mainstream media of this target group during June 2013 General Elections in Albania. The research is performed in survey format. This is still an ongoing project; however a sample of 494 respondents was generated from the contribution of both private and public university students belonging to different departments. To make it clearer and at the same time to extend the analysis, among others, three points will be taken into consideration.
Firstly, the study identifies the most popular and accessible mediums for political information among Albanian university students. Secondly, it sheds a light on the influence of specific mediums such as television, internet and radio in shaping political beliefs and preferences. Thirdly, this quantitative research elaborates the credibility of mass media as one of the most powerful transmitter of political events in Albania. The observation of voting behavior allows us to realize whether citizens are influenced by family affiliation, personal predispositions or are they guided by the impact of media. Overall, as expected, results explore that media plays a significant role in voting choices among Albanian students. Similarly, in this age of technology, internet and television are being found as the two predominant sources for obtaining political information in Albania. However, it is quite evident that the persistent challenge for Albanian media is the improvement of its image and reputation as a reliable and impartial medium for providing political information.
Keywords:Political Behavior, Mass Media, Voting Behavior, Political Knowledge, University Students, Albani
Challenges of Waste Management in the South East Albania, Korça Region
Get PDFWaste management process is the collection, transportation and processing of waste materials. Generally waste management is done by local government institutions and it needs cooperation between these institutions and the entire population. Waste management is a challenge for local governments due to increasing amount of waste, lack of the budget because of the lower taxes collected from the local inhabitants for the service of waste management, and lack of cooperation with the population. People are not yet aware of the damage they cause to the environment, to their quality of life and to the next generations.
The aim of this paper is to analyze the current situation of waste management in the south east of Albania in the Korça region. This region has 33 local government units (municipalities and communes) of which 28 have jointly established a company called Korça Regional Waste Management (KRWM). This cooperation between local governments is the first example of its kind in Albania. The financial aid for this cooperation which includes the collection of waste, transportation to the landfill, waste processing and building the landfill is financed by the KreditanstaltfürWiederaufbau (KfW) bank in Germany.
As a methodology this paper will analyze the primary data taken from this corporation. The results of the questionnaire used by this corporation will demonstrate the waste management methods done by each of these municipalities and communes until now and what are their expectations for the future work need to be done by KRWM. Furthermore, an interview with the administrator of this company is also planned.As a first successful pilot project in Korça region, this new way of cooperation between local governments should also be followed by the other regions of Albania.
Keywords: Waste management, Korca Region, KRWM, Albania, Kf
Progress of the Transition in the Southeast European Countries
Get PDFThe aim of the paper is the analysis of the progress of the transition in nine Southeast European countries (Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, FYR Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia, Slovenia and Romania) in the years 1998-2012.
The Wroclaw taxonomy method is used to establish similarities and differences in the evaluation of the progress of the transition achieved by the examined countries. The study is based on six indexes used by EBRD (large scale privatization, small scale privatization, governance and enterprise restructuring, price liberalization, trade and Forex system and competitionpolicy).
Montenegro, Serbia and Bosnia and Herzegovina experienced the greatest progress in the evaluation of the transition in the years 1998-2012. The following pairs of countries: Slovenia-Croatia, Bulgaria-Romania and Albania-FYR Macedonia showed the smallest differences in the evaluation of the transition. In the case of such countries as: Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro and Serbia, patterns of the evaluation displayed similarities to the different countries in the different years of the analyzed period.
Keywords: transition, Wroclaw taxonomy method, EBRD, Balkan region
Balkan Orphans
Get PDFThere are social consequences which changed of the structure of society as well as political and economic consequences of 93 War, Balkan War and Great War when occurred in the last period of the Ottoman Empire. Both refugee issue and accommodation of orphaned children was on the agenda because of lost lands and over one million people were to be martyr. Especially in Balkan War, the Empire lost %83 of land and %69 of population in Europe and so important social events occurred. A wave of migration which could not control by Ottoman Empire gave rise to the problem especially as accommodation of immigrants and orphans. 75 thousand children orphaned at the end of the war only in Bulgaria. As a result of this situation, it was established accommodation facilities called as Daruleytam in the last period of Ottoman. The purpose of this institutions was accommodation, education and crafting lessons to children of martyr’ and orphans.
Keywords:children orphans,Balkan War, education of orphans
Gender (in) equality in Political Participation in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Get PDFThe focus of this paper is on the distribution of gender and their political participation on a cantonal level of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Three leading parties in Canton Sarajevo are going to be analyzed: the Party of Democratic Action (SDA), the Social Democratic Party (SDP) and the Union for a Better Future of Bosnia and Herzegovina (SBBBIH). The analysis in this study will first start with a comparison of the number of candidates to be elected at the municipal and the cantonal level and their genders. Furthermore, by using descriptive analysis we aim to show gender inequality in three leading parties, according to the results of the local elections held in 2012. Also, by using descriptive analysis we will compare the number of candidates who were nominated and the number of candidates who were elected according to genders, to find the possible cause. Results show that the problem lies in the overall low political participation of females on the political scene in Bosnia and Herzegovina. In addition, we will analyze and discuss economic and social - political reasons for such low political participation of females. Several suggestions are going to be made through a positive example of a rather small political party in B&H, NašaStranka.
Keywords:Gender Inequality, Political Participation, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Descriptive Analysis, Political Parties, Canton Sarajev