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LANGUAGE VARIATION: A RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LANGUAGE AND IDENTITY
No full textHave you ever considered how many different languages, religions, cultures there are in the world? Ask yourself that question or perhaps goggle it, but we are sure the answer won’t actually can’t be found that easily. The relationship between language, identity and cultural difference is a major concern for many sociolinguists and researchers. As it is well-known, language, identity and cultural variation are closely connected and affect each other. People who speak more than one foreign language, or who simply speak a foreign language know that it is not just enough to know that particular language. When acquiring a foreign language it is very important to know about the county where that particular language is spoken, and then to learn something about the culture presented in that country. Since there are numerous different languages and they all belong to a certain group where certain expressions are different than in the other groups. Consider British and American English, for some people they are one language having different pronunciation, for some they are completely different languages, and perhaps for some these two represent something totally different. There are certain moves, words, expressions that are different among them! Not just among them consider Turkish and Azerbaijani Language there are a lot of things that can be easily said in Turkish and not in Azerbaijani Language or vice versa the same thing is with every other language that people face with. What is identity and how it related to the language we speak, are some aspects that are dealt with through out this paper.
Keywords: language culture, language position, identity, language variation, dialect
THE BOOK EVOLUTION IN TOKUGAWA JAPAN (1603-1867)
No full textFor about 265 years in Edo there was a period of relative peace. The four successors of Ieyasu (15431616), the first Tokugawa shōgun, through the bakufu, ruled the country organized in a rigid social system that saw society divided into four classes: 1) aristocracy divided into civil (kuge) and military (buke), 2) peasants, 3) craftsmen and 4) merchants.1
As philosophy of state the shōguns adopted the so-called Neo-Confucianism of Chu Hsi (1130-1200). This philosopher, who lived under the Sung and whose doctrines were disseminated in Japan by Fujiwara Seika (1561-1619), argued that the supreme good consisted in the social order, in the stability of the institutions and in the obedience to the authorities, philosophy that well suited to the spirit of the supremacy of the bakufu.
The phenomenon that characterized and influenced the most the whole period was the rise and the success of a new social class, the chōnin (lit. “townspeople” or more precisely “people in the city wards”), the city merchants, who at first were the users and then the authors of the so-called “chōnin culture”, which developed especially among the merchant classes of Edo and Ōsaka.
The cultural phenomenon was fed in particular, by three factors: the spread of printing, the organization of the pleasure districts and the great impact of the kabuki and the jōruri theatre.
In this paper in particular we will deal with printing
ABOUT THE VARIABILITY OF FOREIGN LANGUAGE: CRITICISM AND ALTERNATIVES
No full textThe variability of foreign language teaching and policies within the nation state cause quantitive accumulation to turn into a qualitative explosion. We can say that, extremely dominant demands regarding foreign language teaching not only cause an” ideological language teaching” but also weaken intercultural education entirely.
In teaching a foreign language, if learners aren’t alienated from the target language, we can determine the start of language teaching. The variability of a foreign language is, in some ways, in accordance with one’s point of view of foreign language teaching and to base language teaching on only one aspect of a foreign language means breaking up the language into pieces. In this respect, as the piece destroys itself, it also destroys the whole. For instance; teaching grammar apart from a context or a lesson made without considering the effects of the native language are considered as parts of a whole.
Acquisition of semantic functionality of concepts is a combination of a person’s learning strategies and acquisition – using strategies with social and environmental factors. And turning this acquisition into speech act forms the fundamental philosophy of foreign language teaching. Thus, by considering language teaching as a whole, it is necessary to help students to acquire communication strategies using alternative approaches. Criticism, alternative notions and applications are the dynamics of foreign language teaching and are two key concepts that can lead nations to success in foreign language teaching.
Keywords: Foreign Language Teaching and politics, Linguistical and cultural Factors, Variability of foreign language
THE ROLE OF COGNITIVE MECHANISMS AND SEMANTIC MOTIVATION IN BUSINESS ENGLISH IDIOMS ACQUISITION - AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY
No full textThis paper aims to explore the possible application of cognitive semantics in the process of Business English idioms teaching and learning. The theoretical assumptions of this study are based on the cognitivist view that idioms are, to a certain extent, semantically motivated by cognitive mechanisms, with the conceptual metaphor being the most dominant one. This study is an attempt to test the hypothesis that metaphoric conceptualisation can contribute to a more successful acquisition of idioms, especially in comparison to pure memorisation of the same linguistic expressions. This small-scale experiment was carried out with twenty Business and Economics students divided into the experimental group and the control group. The experimental group students were introduced to the semantic motivation of idiom meaning, whereas the control group students were taught the same idioms in the traditional way. After being presented with the carefully selected idioms in two different ways, the students in both groups were required to do four different types of exercises with a view to testing the semantic motivation hypothesis. As a result, the research findings and the results obtained in this experimental study suggest that the awareness of cognitive mechanism and semantic motivation behind the meaning of idioms can significantly assist students in the process of a somewhat systematic and consistent acquisition of Business English idioms.
Keywords: Idiomatic expressions, Business English, cognitive mechanisms, conceptual metaphor, semantic motivation, language acquisitio
LANGUAGE STANDARDIZATION AND STANDARD ENGLISH
No full textThis paper focuses on the topic regarding the process of language standardization. The standardization process is an important field of sociolinguistics and it is highly researched due to the different factors affecting standard language of a country. Is involves information about codification itself, and explains how a non-standard variety becomes a standard language. The second part of this paper focuses on the importance of Standard English and how it is used as a global language. There is a detailed description and examples which show us the differences between standard and non-standard English language.While looking at the chronological order of developments of English language, at the last page, we can conclude that in the period of approximately 500 years there have been extreme changes in language (syntax, morphology and phonology)
MULTILINGVISM IN THE PRIZREN AREA
No full textThe topic of this work is multilingualism in Prizren region. Prizren is the second largest city in
Kosovo and largest cultural centar of Kosovo. The city it self has around 100 000 residents but its
surrounding is very large. Ethnical and linguistical picture is dominantly Albanian, but, Prizren is different
concerning that matter. In Prizren there are many people and many nations and multiple languages are
spoken (Albanian, Serbian – Croatian, Turkish, Roman, etc).All of this showes the fact that Prizren is a
multinational and multilinguistical place. In our work we have showed that. It is clearly shown that a large
number of young people from mentioned area know and learn other official languages, which is a
characteristic of area like this one is. We have shown and described types of biligualism that are found in a
mentioned area as well as a prevalence of bilingualists.
Key words: Multilingvism, Bilingvism, Prizren, Prizren area, language
THE PROSODY AND QUANTITY OF ENGLISH COMPOUNDS
No full textFollowing the earlier works of Booij (1985) and Nespor & Vogel (1986) I provide further evidence that English compounds are made up of prosodic words. The length of the first components must be preserved because they are identical to basic lexical forms. In some other languages, as for example in Serbian, the length of the first components may be shortened because the inclusion of linking vowel can contribute to the building of the required ’derived environment’ (Kiparsky 1985). This invoking of the strict cyclicity condition is however necessary only for those English dialects in which the accented syllables are not necessarily closed
LISTENING - A NEGLECTED SKILL IN ESP COURSES AT IT DEPARTMENTS IN SERBIA
No full textThis research has two main purposes:
1. to distinguish structural types of synonymic groups; 2. to verify the headwords of synonymic groups as a linguistic or psycholinguistic concept.
Typically headword has: 1) common semantic elements, 2) the highest frequency, 3) no stylistic and emotional connotations.
The main source of data is results of two experiments and data Russian National Corpus. Subjects' task was to choose the main words of the submitted groups. We use 32 synonymic groups, taken from the Russian synonymic dictionaries: the first experiment contained 12 synonymic groups, the second - 20 synonymic groups. 45 subjects participated in the first experiment, 67 – in the second experiment. We distinguished two types of synonymic groups with a different structure.
The first type (centric synonymic groups) consists of synonymic groups, headword of which can be uniquely identified by experimental and corpus data. In such cases, the subjects unanimously determined the headword, and the headword is the most frequent word of the synonymic group. There are 8 (67%) such groups in the first experiment and 14 such groups (70%) in the second experiment.
The second type (non-centric synonymic groups) includes synonymic groups, in which the subjects were not able to choose the main word of the synonymic groups. There are 4 (33%) such groups in the first experiment and 6 such groups (30%) in the second experiment.
It is impossible to distinguish the headword in non-centric synonymic groups. Such synonymic groups are integrated by a semantic gestalt based on a nonverbal semantic code. Formal and component analysis of non-central synonymic groups is not effective
PRIMJENA STANDARDA „NAJBOLJI INTERES DJETETA” U STARATELJSKOJ ZAŠTITI DJECE BEZ RODITELJSKOG STARANJA (PRAVNI OKVIR I PRAKSA)
Get PDFStarateljska zaštita djece bez roditeljskog staranja se aktualizira u
slučajevima taksativno navedenim u odredbama porodičnog zakonodavstva i
zakonodavstva u oblasti socijalne zaštite u Bosni i Hercegovini. Pravnom
analizom tih odredaba očigledno je da se starateljstvo nad maloljetnicima
primjenjuje kao jedan od oblika zaštite djece bez roditeljskog staranja, te da je
primjena standarda „najbolji interes djeteta” u kontekstu zaštite djece bez
roditeljskog staranja samo djelimično zastupljena. U radu se ukazuje na
nedostatna zakonodavna rješenja u pogledu primjene pomenutog standarda, na
praksu izostajanja adekvatnih oblika zaštite djece bez roditeljskog staranja te
potrebu poštivanja pojedinih prava djeteta shodno UN Konvenciji o pravima
djeteta i drugim relevantim dokumetima u zaštiti djece bez roditeljskog staranja.
Ključne riječi: dijete bez roditeljskog staranja, starateljska zaštita i
drugi oblici zaštite, standard najbolji interes djetet
ZAJEDNICE ŽIVOTA OSOBA ISTOG SPOLA U PRAKSI EVROPSKOG SUDA ZA LJUDSKA PRAVA
Get PDFPod uticajem prakse Evropskog suda za ljudska prava nacionalna
zakonodavstva i sudovi država članica Vijeća Evrope, kao i druga
demokratska društva počinju prihvaćati, brže nego ikada, da lezbijkama i gay
muškarcima pripadaju ista ljudska prava kao i heteroseksualnim ženama i
muškarcima. Sve je više zastupljeno stajalište nacionalnih sudova da
istospolni parovi imaju iste emocionalne i druge potrebe kao i
heteroseksualni parovi, te da postoji potreba da se istospolne životne
zajednice priznaju u zakonima, kao i da imaju ista prava i obaveze kao i
heteroseksualne zajednice.
U ovom radu autor analizira presude Evropskog suda za ljudska prava
koje su se odnosile na pitanje prava osoba homoseksualne orijentacije.
Ključne riječi: homoseksualnost, registrovano partnerstvo, de facto
kohabitacija, seksualna orijentacija, diskriminacija