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Implementing a Listening and Speaking Curriculum in a Linguistically Homogenous English for Academic Purposes Program
Get PDFLinguistic homogeneity in English for Academic Purposes (EAP) programs can be a challenge to curriculum design and implementation. In university EAP programs where the majority of students share an L1 with classmates, instructors sometimes struggle to balance the use of the L1 and L2 in class. Despite the potential for immersion, students in these settings may also socialize primarily in their L1 rather than English, the target language. These factors demand special consideration in courses focused on oral production and comprehension where sustained interaction and negotiation of meaning is crucial. Ninety percent of the students in the Intensive English as a Second Language Program at Michigan Technological University come from China and share an L1. In this context, the classroom provides important opportunities for interaction and negotiation of meaning in the target language. The program recently redesigned, piloted, and evaluated a new curriculum. Using examples from the curriculum and the classroom to present this case, I argue that linguistically homogeneous classrooms focusing on oral and aural communication require different curricula than more diverse EAP settings. Examples from the development and delivery of the new listening and speaking curriculum are potentially applicable in both ESL and EFL settings.
Keywords: Curriculum development, EAP, EFL, oral communication, higher educatio
The role of verb valency in Croatian and Russian learning at B1 level
Get PDFDifficulties in learning a second language (L2) may arise when a first-language (L1) speaker attempts to directly transfer a syntactic pattern from L1 into L2. Since there is a very high overlap in verb valency between Croatian and Russian, the generalization of syntactic patterns often leads to systematic errors. In this paper we analyze verbs that were selected from a list of verbs required for B1-level mastery in Croatian and Russian.
The analyzed verbs are divided into semantic groups according to Levin (1993), but the paper focuses on the verbs of social interaction, verbs of communication and psych-verbs. Each verb is associated with its syntactic pattern supported by a corpus attestation.
Within each semantic group, verbs are further divided into four groups based on the number of complements and their realization on the syntactic and morphological levels.
This paper aims to facilitate the acquisition of basic verb complements in Croatian and Russian, with emphasis on non-matching pairs between the two languages.
Keywords: Verb valency, Croatian language, Russian language, L2 acquisitio
Teaching Translation Theory outside Europe: Historical Specificity Versus Universal Applicability
Get PDFWhile teaching first in Singapore and now in Manchester, it has come to my attention that there are certain difficulties in teaching translation theory either outside of Europe or, in Europe, to students from outside of Europe who come here to study. This paper concentrates on the role of examples in theoretical works, the problems they pose in teaching theory and the implications for universalism in translation studies. I draw on Edward Said’s discussion of travelling theory, post-colonial critiques of the hegemonic role of English, and skopos theory to propose two courses of action to help overcome the problem: first, the incorporation of the translation of theoretical material both from and into European languages as part of practical postgraduate training; and second, the use of a radical substitution policy for examples, with new examples centred around the target language, rather than preservation of the original examples, which are centred around the source-language. Using the example of China, I will demonstrate how these two strategies push us to reconsider how we approach teaching theory. Firstly, the translation of Chinese theoretical texts into English will allow for a deeper appreciation of writings in Chinese and their wider dissemination. Secondly, the search for examples which involve the target language should lead to an engagement between the target culture and the theory. Translating Vinay and Darbelnet’s path breaking essay on translation processes, for example, immediately raises the question of what exactly is meant by ‘borrowing’ in the Chinese context, and for the need to distinguish between retaining the use of the roman alphabet and transliteration using Chinese characters, a distinction that would never arise between French, English and German.
Keywords: translation theory, examples, Chines
How much is too much? – The treatment of anglicisms in the context of Croatian and German
Get PDFThe aim of this research is to establish the relevance of the results from a survey conducted among university students of English and German at the University of Osijek. The survey was construed in order to establish the degree of awareness among non-native users of English on how anglicisms are treated in the context of Croatian and German language systems and what strategies are used to cope with the pervasive influence of English vocabulary. Preliminary results show that English lexical borrowings from the field of IT technology are used very frequently in their communication via computers and mobile phones and the students are rather slow to acquire the suggested Croatian and German equivalents and neologisms in the IT terminology.
Three basic strategies of direct borrowing, phonological and morphological adaptation, and neologisms will be researched by applying a questionnaire with both lexical and visual prompts for the students. The goal is to elicit responses that will be analysed and put in the context of whether Croatian and German function as a "language of identification" or a "language of communication" (House, 2003).
Keywords: Anglicism, borrowings, neologisms, Croatian, Germa
Causes and Consequences of NPLs in Bosnia and Herzegovina Banking Sector
Get PDFAbstract: This paper analyzes the relationship between risks to which banks are exposed, rate of non-performing loans as well as capital adequacy. The analysis was conducted among the banking sector of Bosnia and Herzegovina. For the purpose of the analysis, the International Monetary Fund data - Core Financial Indicators for the period 2008 – 2013 were used. This study differs from previous researches primarily in the fact that the case study is Bosnia and Herzegovina, where there haven't been similar studies. To analyze and evaluate the model, correlation and regression analysis were used. The paper points to those aspects which deserve further attention in order to achieve better and more efficient management of them. Results indicate the increase in risk-weighted assets and rising rates of non-performing loans as one of the component assets. At the same time the growth rate of non-performing loans leads to the growth in risk-weighted assets and therefore the bank is exposed to major risks. Higher return on assets, as an indicator of business performance and management resources and profitability, leads to capital adequacy improvement. There is a strong correlation between the rate of capital adequacy and non-performing loans and that requires further research. Results indicate that better liquidity control leads to a reduction in the rate of non-performing loans and consequently better liquidity position of banks, and thus reduction in liquidity risk. During the analysis it was found that a large proportion of non-performing loans to total loans leads to deterioration in the financial result which is further reflected in the banks' capital. When we talk about capital adequacy we come to the conclusion that the banking system in Bosnia and Herzegovina, despite all the shortcomings and problems is adequately capitalized
GRAĐANSKOPRAVNI I KAZNENOPRAVNI ASPEKTI ZAKONODAVSTVA O OZNAČAVANJU HRANE (HRVATSKA I EUROPSKA PERSPEKTIVA)
Get PDFEuropska politika sigurnosti hrane ima dvostruki cilj: zaštititi ljudsko zdravlje i interese potrošača te stimulirati neometano funkcioniranje jedinstvenog europskog tržišta. EU njome jamči da se na području higijene hrane i hrane za životinje i prehrambenih proizvoda, zdravlja životinja i bilja te sprečavanja kontaminacije hrane vanjskim tvarima uspostavljaju i poštuju kontrolni standardi. Nova Uredba (EU/1169/2011), obvezuje sve subjekte koji posluju s hranom, trgovce, ugostitelje, slastičare, pekare i druge na obvezno označavanje hrane, kako bi kupci odnosno potrošači bili dobro informirani o njezinoj kakvoći, trajnosti, podrijetlu, sastavu i postupku proizvodnje. Odgovornost za pravilno označavanje, reklamiranje i točnost prezentiranih podataka je kako na proizvođaču tako i na trgovcu odnosno drugom subjektu koji stavlja hranu na tržište, sa sjedištem u na području EU. U radu autorice opisuju hrvatska iskustva u prilagođavanju i usklađivanju nacionalnog zakonodavstva s područja sigurnosti hrane europskom acquis-u, te analiziraju pozitivnopravne aspekte građanskopravne i kaznenopravne regulacije zaštite interesa, ali ujedno i zdravlja potrošača u svezi označavanja hrane.
Ključne riječi: sigurnost hrane, potrošač, označavanje hrane, građanskopravna odgovornost, kaznenopravna odgovornost, acqui
TAKTIČKI PRISTUP KONTROLI POBUNA I NEREDA U URBANIM SREDINAMA
Get PDFPolicija se osim povećane skale upotrebe vatrenog oružja, sile i otpora u rutinskim policijskim aktivnostima u djelovanju sa bandama, drogom, nasiljem, neredima i vandalizmom susreće i povremeno sa terorizmom, urbanom gerilom i oružanom pobunom. Političke protivrječnosti nekada podsticane i od stranog faktora dovode do erupcije ponašanja na ulici do nivoa ekstremnog nasilja koje zahtjeva primjenu adekvatne taktike u urbanim sredinama. Obezbjeđenje analitičke podrške događajima najčešće ima simptome sistematske patologije jer se zasniva na klasičnim načinima prikupljanja i obrade podataka podataka koji se temelje na analizi organizacijskih tvorevina i metodama sistemskog inžinjeringa.
Ključne riječi: urbani neredi, pobune, taktika, policij
PRAVA I SLOBODE RADNIKA RH U SVJETLU PROMJENA NAKON ULASKA U EU
Get PDFOd Ugovora u Amsterdamu koji je stupio na snagu 1.5.1999. nastojalo se stvoriti institucionalne uvjete, ali i političke uvjete za suočavanje EU s vremenom koje je predstojalo, vremenom globalizacije sa svim njezinim negativnim odjecima (kriza, nezaposlenost, terorizam). Ovim Ugovorom definiran je cilj djelovanja EU kroz slobodu, sigurnost i pravdu. U pogledu kretanja osoba ističe se odlučnost EU za stvaranjem prostora za siguran, pravedan i slobodan boravak radnika što podrazumijeva zabranu neljudskog i ponižavajućeg postupka i kažnjavanja, zabranu ropstva, zabranu prisilnog i obveznog rada, zabranu diskriminacije i dr. Sveprisutan je interes radnika za poštivanjem njihovih temeljnih prava i građanskih sloboda. Usvajanjem pravne stečevine EU (acquis-a) stvara se postepeno jedinstveni prostor sloboda, sigurnosti i pravde .
Provedeno istraživanje na uzorku od 555 ispitanika putem online anketiranja imalo je za cilj istražiti i identificirati čimbenike vezane za stavove radnika o uvjetima rada nakon ulaska RH u EU. Prije istraživanja, a osluškujući javno mijenje, postavljene su hipoteze da ljudi teško žive s obzirom na uvjete rada i plaće. Međutim, rezultati istraživanja su pokazali suprotno.
Ključne riječi: sloboda rada, pravo na rad, pravna stečevina EU, jedinstveni prostor sloboda, sigurnosti i pravd
STATUS OF ORPHAN WORKS IN COPYRIGHT AND RELATED RIGHTS OF BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA AND THE HARMONIZATION OF B&H COPYRIGHT AND RELATED RIGHTS RULES WITH DIRECTIVE 2012/28/EU ON CERTAIN PERMITTED USES OF ORPHAN WORKS
Get PDFAutorska djela „siročadi“ su takve intelektualne tvorevine za koje je izvjesno da su kvalifikovane za autorskopravnu zaštitu po pozitivnim normama autorskog i srodnih prava, povodom kojih je, dalje, izvjesno da nije istekao vremenski period zaštite, ali, povodom kojih autor ili drugi nosilac autorskih imovinskih ili drugih prava nije poznat ili ne može da bude utvrđen, odnosno jeste poznat ili može biti utvrđen, ali gdje nakon onoga što član 2 st. 1 Direktive 2012/28/EU Evropskog parlamenta i Savjeta donešene 25. oktobra 2012. godine o izvjesnim dozvoljenim upotrebama autorskih djela „siročadi“ zove „diligentnom“ potragom autor ili nosilac prava ne može da se pronađe radi davanja odobrenja za zaštićenu upotrebu tog autorskog djela. Britanska Biblioteka procjenjuje da 40% njene kolekcije predstavljaju autorska djela „siročadi“. Za istraživače, arhiviste kao i bilo koja druga lica koja žele da koriste autorska djela „siročadi“ ali koja to ne mogu budući da ne mogu da ne mogu da nađu ovlašteno lice za davanje dozvole postojanje ovih vrsta autorskih djela ali nepostojanje mehanizma za njehovu legalnu upotrebu predstavlja neprihvatljivo ugrožavanje pravne sigurnosti u sitemu zaštite autorskog i srodnih prava, te neopravdano izuzimanje velikog postotka i broja intelektualnih tvorevina iz kulturološkog, naučnog i stvaralačkog diskursa društva. Rad počinje sa pojmovnim određenjem autorskog djela „siročadi“ te uticajem postojanja ovih vrsta autorskih djela na stvaralački potencijal i općenito na društvo. Analiziraju se pozitivnopravna pravila u Zakonu o autorskom i srodnim pravima (Sl. glasnik BiH 63/10) koja se mogu primjeniti na iteracije autorskih djela ove vrste. Izvršava se analiza direktive 2012/28/EU, te se na kraju donosi zaključak o tome kako i u kom obimu Bosna i Hercegovina bi trebala da transponira ovu direktivu u svoj pozitivnopravni sistem zaštite autorskog i srodnih prava, a sa ciljem uklanjanja pravno neželjenih dejstava koje njihovo postojanje uzrokuje.
Ključne riječi: autorsko djelo „siroče“, Direktiva 2012/28/EU, diligentna potraga, nepoznat autor, Bosna i Hercegovin
FINANSIJSKO-PRAVNI ASPEKTI TRETIRANJA PROBLEMA KORISNIKA FINANSIJSKIH USLUGA U KONTEKSTU ODRŽAVANJA KVANTUMA NOVČANIH POTRAŽIVANJA
Get PDFProblemi korisnika finansijskih usluga su izuzetno kompleksni, te potencijalno mogu izazvati niz kauzalno povezanih implikacija kako privatno-pravne, tako i javno-pravne prirode. Posmatrani u kontekstu pozitivnog pravnog i privrednog ambijenta u Bosni i Hercegovini problemi se dodatno usložnjavaju. Stoga ih se treba analizirati iz različitih perspektiva kako bi se iznašla prihvatljiva rješenja. Ovo utoliko više ako se uzmu u obzir nedovoljno razvijeno finasijsko tržište u Bosni i Hercegovini, specifičan aranžman u kojem djeluje njena centralna monetarna institucija, te izazovi adaptiranja legislativnog sistema pravnim tekovinama Europske unije. Stoga se u radu fokusiramo na aktuelna normativna rješenja u domenu kreditnih proizvoda plasiranih u stranoj valuti, te želimo pokazati nedostatnost sporadičnih rješenja i naglasiti potrebu iznalaženja obuhvatnijih pravnih i ekonomsko-političkih mjera.
Ključne riječi: finansijsko tržište, finansijske usluge, monetarna politika, valut