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O sudskoj kontroli zakonitosti podzakonskih akata institucija Bosne i Hercegovine
No full textSažetak: U ovom članku istražuju se problemi sudske kontrole zakonitosti podzakonskih akata institucija BiH. Polazeći od stava da se načelo vladavine prava, između ostalog, ostvaruje sveobuhvatnom sudskom kontrolom zakonitosti podzakonskih akata institucija BIH, ispituju se metodima ustavnopravne i upravnopravne teorije, dogmatike i komparativistike pozitivnopravna pravosudna organizaciona i procesna rješenja, kao i praksa Ustavnog suda i Suda BiH. Uočene su kontroverze u postojećem pozitivnom pravu i praksi, koje su okarakterisane u materijalnopravnom smislu kao pravna praznina u ustavnom i zakonskom okviru koji uređuje nadležnosti Ustavnog suda i Suda BiH, a u procesnom smislu kao negativni sukob nadležnosti između ovih sudova. Predloženi su putevi prevazilaženja, koji bi po ocjeni autora bili u funkciji ostvarivanja vladavine prava i praktično provodivi u sadašnjem trenutku
The Application of Jus Cogens Norms in UN Peacekeeping Missions: A Possible Source of Conflict with the UN Charter?
No full textSummary: Peacekeeping missions represent an important and significant part in the United Nations (UN) security system. Although this peacekeeping missions (PKM) aim to protect human rights, maintain security and peace, within this operations regularly human rights violations and other misconduct by peacekeepers is reported. In the Nuhanovic case (2011) the Dutch Court of Appeals, as the first national court, used the effective control test which confirmed the principle that troop- contributing states can be liable for internationally wrongful acts of their troops who are embedded in the UN peacekeepers. This case represents a key shift in the theory and practice when dealing with state liability for human rights violations attributable to states operating under an international organisation. This article has created a more creative approach, to the complex matter of liability in UN PKM, even going further then the Dutch courts did, showing that jus cogens norms, have priority over all other international law and that troop contributing states can always rely on this concept when engaging their troops through UN PKM
Referendum kao oblik neposrednog učešća građana u vlasti i mogućnosti njegove zloupotrebe
No full textSažetak: Neposredna demokratija predstavlja učešće građana u procesima donošenja odluka od interesa za cjelokupnu društvenu zajednicu. Na taj način se najneposrednije ostvaruje volja naroda, jer rađani u cijelosti učestvuju u vršenju vlasti. Dakle, neposredna demokratija predstavlja takav oblik političke participacije građana, u kojem građani neposredno učestvuju u odlučivanju o nekom važnom pitanju u svojoj državi. Kao najpoznatiji primjeri neposredne demokratije u svijetu su prije svega referenduma, zatim zbor građana, narodna inicijativa i pravo peticije. Neki teoretičari poput Kostadinov, B. i Barić, S. smatraju da referendum kao oblik neposrednog učešća građana u vlasti, ne odražava uvijek stvarnu volju naroda, nego volju određene populacije. Zašto je to tako, vidjet ćemo u nastavku rada kroz analizu određenih slučajeva. Nadalje, iako je referendumsko odlučivanje često poželjno, jer referendumske odluke predstavljaju neposrednu volju građana, zanemaruje se činjenica da one ipak često dovode do diskriminacije određenih populacija u datoj državi, a tu se prije svega misli na manjinske skupine (skupine homoseksualne orijentacije, nacionalne manjine i slično).
Pored navedenog, osnovna bit referenduma jeste da se dođe do odluke kao izbora, a ne put do nje, jer na referendumu nema mogućnosti raspravljanja o referendumskom pitanju, nema mogućnosti pribavljanja novih informacija o datom pitanju, nema mogućnosti alternative, što dovodi kasnije do problema u implementaciji referendumske odluke. Dakle, ovo su samo neka od pitanja o kojima će se raspravljati u ovom radu
LANGUAGE ECOLOGY RE-ORIENTATION IN A CONTEMPORARY METROLINGUAL FRAMEWORK: A CRITICAL PARADIGM SHIFT TO AN EXPANDED, COMMON STANDARD ALBANIAN
Get PDFGiven present emergent trans-local new media in de-territorialized and poly-lingual milieus, an approach to the current Unified Literary Albanian (ULA) that integrates elements of Gramscian-esque and Bakhtinian-esque optics on language would be more in sync with contemporary poly-glossic realities of numerous Albanian speech communities in 21st century linguistic marketplaces than the language’s present standard. Such reforms could serve as partial remedies for current linguistic injustices and insecurities regarding various purported dysfluencies of marginalized and disenfranchised speakers of stigmatized Albanian varieties, thereby averting returning to past repressions. This alternative positioning allows younger generations of language learners to exercise their agency in arriving at “their own emergent orders of normativity” (Leppänen et al., 2009, p. 1080). Espousing this perspective encourages language guardians with ortholinguistic tendencies to refocus their energies from “deeply entrenched dogmas” (Del Valle, 2014, p. 370) of standard language ideology focusing on linguistic imposition and denigration, and exclusionary policies that neglected to integrate rich socio-historical realities of the languagers, to an inclusive linguistic regime that embraces the present linguistic diversity of polycentric sociolinguistic spaces. Instead of perpetuating outdated language policies involving inflexible linguistic intolerances of bygone eras that (still) attempt to hermetically seal language and prevent any leakage, cross-contamination, trans-languaging, or codemeshing from one variety (in)to another, mutual accommodation and communicability are advocated here. Given the diffusion of polycentric sociolects in various locales where Albanian is employed, “putting the toothpaste back in the tube” could be rather challenging and futile. Thus, various gatekeeping pedagogies, including many current replacement and appropriateness paradigms, could be ineffectual given contemporary metrolingual realities of many Albanian languagers and learners
INVESTIGATING THE INFLUENCE OF STUDENTS’ PROJECT-BASED ENGAGEMENT ON THEIR ACHIEVEMENTS AND THEIR ATTITUDES TOWARDS THE ESP COURSE
Get PDFResearch has shown that learner-centered classrooms are very effective. Engaging students in various classroom activities leads towards better learning outcomes. Moreover, project-based activities can have a positive influence on the students’ engagement and dedication towards a language class. Accordingly, this study will investigate the influence of project-based language learning on students’ achievements and attitudes towards the ESP course. The participants in this study were sixty students from the Faculty of Languages Cultures and Communication at South East European University (SEEU), in Tetove, attending ESP for Communication Sciences (1) and (2) courses. Qualitative and quantitative approaches were used for the data collection. The administered instruments were: group projects, student questionnaires, unstructured interviews with the students and process observation. The results confirmed that the students showed more positive attitudes towards ESP classes, after they participated in group projects. They became more motivated and more enthusiastic during their classes. The students improved their critical and creative thinking skills; they productively participated in teamwork and they were able to give constructive criticism. It can be hypothesized that engaging the students in group projects helps in lowering the affective filter, by which the students’ input increases and they show greater academic achievements
KOKUJI (国字): THE JAPANESE “NATIONAL CHARACTERS”. A CASE STUDY: THE JAPANESE ACQUATIC FAUNA
Get PDFThe great influence that the Chinese writing system has had on the Japanese, Korean and Vietnamese writing systems is widely demonstrated. Nevertheless, besides the use of the characters directly imported from China, these cultures have had the necessity to create “national characters” to satisfy the needs of their own languages. This paper, that analyzes this phenomenon in the Japanese environment, begins with an analysis of the reasons that have pushed the Japanese “to create” own characters and the reasons why at a certain moment such “creation” has been suspended. In the second part of the paper samples of kokuji will be presented that can be circumscribed to those with radicals 魚・鳥・木・草 and that result to be surely the most numerous and related to species of flora and fauna japonica
“THE MAP IS MORE INTERESTING THAN THE TERRITORY” THE CASE OF THE NOVEL THE MAP AND THE TERRITORY BY MICHEL HOUELLEBECQ
Get PDFIn the novel The Map and the Territory (2011) by Michel Houellebecq the issue of merging the status of faction and fiction is present in all the poetic categories of the novel, i.e. in the plot and in the narration, the status of the narrator and characters, up to the narrative time-space continuum. The aim of this paper is to literary analyze and interpret this Houellebecq's work. Our approach is triple. First, we deal with the structure of the plot, the categories of characters and narrator, and then the narrative perspectives and spatial-temporal frame of the novel and its style. As a next step, our analysis is expanded to the interaction of mentioned narrative forms, i.e. their mutual relations are observed. Particular attention is put on the transformation of the metonymy to the metaphor. Finally, we complete this work observing the relations between the novel and ''the real'' in its sociological and historical meaning. In this way, the pragmatic level and the functioning of the novel outside of a strictly literary framework is problematized
LOVE AND HATRED IN TWO LANGUAGES: CROSS-CULTURAL ANALYSIS
Get PDFLiving in a world that has become a 'global village' makes different nations seem very similar - we dress in a very similar way, we listen to the similar music, we sometimes even use the same words. But how similar are we when it comes to understanding another person’s culture and values related to some of the general notions, such as love and hatred? The authors of this paper come from two countries that speak Slavic languages and are in many ways similar: Russia and Croatia. This similarity initiated a cross-cultural research described further in the paper. The authors have compared the meanings of two opposite notions (a value and an anti-value) - love and hatred - with regard to the meaning and importance they have in these two countries and how they are used in their respective languages. The definitions of the value love were collected from various available dictionaries in different areas and then analyzed as semantic components. Then the same procedure was conducted with the anti-value hatred. Since these semantic components are used in sentences/phrases in Russian and Croatian in various ways, their comparison has been made. Furthermore, students of two universities (one Russian and one Croatian) filled in a questionnaire regarding the meaning these notions have for them. The purpose of the questionnaire was to help the authors find out whether there are similarities/differences in how these two notions are perceived in their respective countries and languages and whether their meanings and importance for the culture differ. The obtained results will offer some insight into the Russian and Croatian languages when compared on the linguistic and cultural level with regard to a value and an anti-value
Determinants of Foreign Direct Investment: An Empirical Analysis for Turkey
Get PDFAbstract: This paper aims to investigate empirically the determinants of FDI for Turkey over the annual period of 1975-2012. Our main interest is to study how different reflecting inflows of FDI in Turkey are. This study examines time series data evidence concerning empirical relevance between FDI attraction and its determinative effects. As a definition, FDI is a direct investment into production or business in a country by an individual or company of another country, either by buying a company in the target country or by expanding operations of an existing business in that country. Unit root and Johansen cointegration tests are used in order to analyze the determinants of FDI for Turkey. Our econometric model expresses foreign direct investment (FDI), as a function of market size (GDP), openness (OPEN) calculated as Export + Import/ GDP, inflation rate (CPI), energy production (EP), labor productivity (LABOR). The major results show that there is a positive effect of GDP, OPEN, EP and LABOR on FDI. But CPI’s effect on FDI is negative in the long run