Institute of Psychology,Chinese Academy Of Sciences
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Similar frequency of the McGurk effect in large samples of native Mandarin Chinese and American English speakers
No full textHumans combine visual information from mouth movements with auditory information from the voice to recognize speech. A common method for assessing multisensory speech perception is the McGurk effect: When presented with particular pairings of incongruent auditory and visual speech syllables (e.g., the auditory speech sounds for "ba" dubbed onto the visual mouth movements for "ga"), individuals perceive a third syllable, distinct from the auditory and visual components. Chinese and American cultures differ in the prevalence of direct facial gaze and in the auditory structure of their languages, raising the possibility of cultural- and language-related group differences in the McGurk effect. There is no consensus in the literature about the existence of these group differences, with some studies reporting less McGurk effect in native Mandarin Chinese speakers than in English speakers and others reporting no difference. However, these studies sampled small numbers of participants tested with a small number of stimuli. Therefore, we collected data on the McGurk effect from large samples of Mandarin-speaking individuals from China and English-speaking individuals from the USA (total n = 307) viewing nine different stimuli. Averaged across participants and stimuli, we found similar frequencies of the McGurk effect between Chinese and American participants (48 vs. 44 %). In both groups, we observed a large range of frequencies both across participants (range from 0 to 100 %) and stimuli (15 to 83 %) with the main effect of culture and language accounting for only 0.3 % of the variance in the data. High individual variability in perception of the McGurk effect necessitates the use of large sample sizes to accurately estimate group differences
Dispositional and Situational Autonomy as Moderators of Mood and Creativity
No full textAlthough previous research suggests that mood can influence creativity, the controversy about the effects of positive and negative moods has raged for years. This study investigated how the relationship between induced mood and creativity is moderated by dispositional and situational autonomy. It contrasted the different moderating effects of the 2 kinds of autonomy. In Experiment 1, 93 participants completed a questionnaire about dispositional autonomy and performed a creative task after watching 1 of 3 film clips, which were to induce positive, negative, or neutral moods. The results of experiment 1 indicated that positive moods prompted creativity and negative moods inhibited creativity when individuals were low in dispositional autonomy (low in autonomous orientation or high in impersonal orientation). In Experiment 2, 73 participants engaged in a game to manipulate levels of situational autonomy and induce positive or negative moods. The results of experiment 2 showed that positive moods fostered greater creativity than did negative moods when individuals were in full-autonomy condition. The different moderating effects of dispositional and situational autonomy are discussed
The dynamic influence of emotional words on sentence processing
No full textIn the present study, we aimed to examine how the emotionality of words influences online sentence processing-specifically, the influence of emotional words on the processing of following words in sentences. We manipulated the emotionality of verbs as well as the orthographic correctness of their following (neutral) object nouns, so that the orthographic violation of the (neutral) nouns occurred in either emotional or neutral sentences. Event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded to both the nouns and the verbs. We found that the orthographic violation of the nouns elicited a P2 and an N400 effect in the emotionally neutral sentences, but an LPC effect in the emotionally charged sentences. We also found that the emotional verbs elicited a larger N1, a larger P2, and a larger N400 than did the neutral verbs. The ERP results suggest that emotional words capture more attention than neutral words, which further affects early orthographic analysis of the following words. Our findings demonstrate a dynamic influence of emotional words on sentence processing
信息推送-加拿大心理健康委员会发布加拿大心理健康指标
No full text告知未来：加拿大心理健康指标
加拿大心理健康委员会（Mental Health Commission of Canada，NHCC）近日发布加拿大心理健康报告——《告知未来：加拿大心理健康指标》（Informing the Future: Mental Health Indicators for Canada）。报告以指标（Indicators）的形式对加拿大国人心理健康现状以及相关体系如何应对心理疾患进行表述，尝试全面描绘该国心理健康全景。
NHCC报告共计63个指标，涵盖儿童、青少年、成年人以及老年人等各个群体。本报告中只呈现13个指标。
2012年，NHCC曾发布《改变方向，改变生活：加拿大心理健康策略》（Changing Directions, Changing Lives: The Mental Health Strategy for Canada，以下简称策略）。策略指出数据在管理部门衡量体制变化及进展时是非常必要的。因此，NHCC联合西蒙弗雷泽大学（Simon Fraser University）的心理健康与成瘾应用研究中心（Centre for Applied Research in Mental Health and Addiction）发布本报告。
本报告旨在创建一个心理卫生与精神疾患指标的国家层面的集合。指标来源广泛：包括国家调查、管理部门数据库、研究所和公共卫生机构。数据选择标准如下：
Ø 富有意义—与策略密切相关
Ø 正确有效—合乎科学
Ø 可行性高—数据获取方便
Ø 可重复性—随时间发展后续数据可继续获取
Ø 可实践性—允许改进
报告通过对指标颜色进行区分反映现状：
绿色表示表现良好和（或）正在朝期望方面迈进；
黄色表示存在担忧，或者存在混淆或不确定因素（如某种心理疾患诊断率的上升可能表示该疾病的流行程度正在增加或者专家的检测能力提高）；
红色表示重大担忧，和（或）指标正在滑向期望的反方向。
完整版报告将于2015年4月发布
Dangerous Driving in a Chinese Sample: Associations with Morningness-Eveningness Preference and Personality
No full textIndividual differences in morningness-eveningness preference may influence susceptibility and response to sleepiness. These differences could influence driving performance, but the influence of morningness-eveningness preference on driving behavior and accident risk has not been comprehensively studied. As morningness-eveningness preference is associated with personality characteristics, we also investigated how the interaction between morningness-eveningness preference and personality may be related to dangerous driving behaviors. Two hundred and ninety five drivers completed the reduced Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire, the Dula Dangerous Driving Index, and personality scales for agreeableness, conscientiousness and neuroticism, and reported demographic information (gender, age, level of education, driving years and annual average driving mileage) and self-reported traffic violations (accidents, penalty points and fines). The results showed that more Risky Driving, Aggressive Driving, Negative Cognitive/Emotional Driving and Drunk Driving, as measured by the Dula Dangerous Driving Index, were all significantly correlated with more eveningness, corresponding to lower scores on the reduced Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire. Moreover, eveningness was correlated with self-reported traffic accidents, penalty points and fines. Furthermore, a moderation effect was found: eveningness was more strongly associated with risky driving and negative emotional driving in those who scored high for trait agreeableness.National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaBasic Project of National Science and Technology of Chin
Post-stroke depression and lesion location: a systematic review
No full textPost-stroke depression (PSD) is a frequent problem in stroke rehabilitation. Several studies have evaluated association between the lesion location and the risk of depression. Different conclusions and contradictory findings have been published. The aim of the present study was to perform a systematic meta-analysis to evaluate the relationship between PSD and lesion location. We researched PubMed, ISI Web of Science, EMBASE, and systematically reviewed available publications reporting investigations on stroke location and risk of PSD. Subgroup analyses were performed according to the time since stroke onset to assessment for PSD or the source of patients. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) were used for pooled analyses. Heterogeneity was assessed with Cochran’s Q test and I 2 test. Begg’s funnel plot and Egger’s test were used to examine the publication bias. A total of 43 studies involving 5,507 patients suffering from stroke were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled OR with 95 % CI for the overall association of stroke location and depression risk was 0.99 (0.88–1.11). Subgroups analyses highlighted that only studies with subacute post-stroke group (1–6 months) showed a statistical association between right hemisphere stroke and risk of depression (OR = 0.79, 95 % CI 0.66–0.93). This systematic review offered no support for the hypothesis that lesion of the left hemisphere was associated with an increased risk of depression after stroke. We only find significant association between right hemisphere stroke and incidence of depression for studies within subacute post-stroke phase.Post-stroke depression (PSD) is a frequent problem in stroke rehabilitation. Several studies have evaluated association between the lesion location and the risk of depression. Different conclusions and contradictory findings have been published. The aim of the present study was to perform a systematic meta-analysis to evaluate the relationship between PSD and lesion location. We researched PubMed, ISI Web of Science, EMBASE, and systematically reviewed available publications reporting investigations on stroke location and risk of PSD. Subgroup analyses were performed according to the time since stroke onset to assessment for PSD or the source of patients. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) were used for pooled analyses. Heterogeneity was assessed with Cochran's Q test and I (2) test. Begg's funnel plot and Egger's test were used to examine the publication bias. A total of 43 studies involving 5,507 patients suffering from stroke were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled OR with 95 % CI for the overall association of stroke location and depression risk was 0.99 (0.88-1.11). Subgroups analyses highlighted that only studies with subacute post-stroke group (1-6 months) showed a statistical association between right hemisphere stroke and risk of depression (OR = 0.79, 95 % CI 0.66-0.93). This systematic review offered no support for the hypothesis that lesion of the left hemisphere was associated with an increased risk of depression after stroke. We only find significant association between right hemisphere stroke and incidence of depression for studies within subacute post-stroke phase.National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaNatural Science Fund of Hubei ProvinceChina Postdoctoral Science Foundatio
Narcissism predicts impulsive buying: phenotypic and genetic evidence
No full textImpulsive buying makes billions of dollars for retail businesses every year, particularly in an era of thriving e-commerce. Narcissism, characterized by impulsivity and materialism, may serve as a potential antecedent to impulsive buying. To test this hypothesis, two studies examined the relationship between narcissism and impulsive buying. In Study 1, we surveyed an online sample and found that while adaptive narcissism was not correlated with impulsive buying, maladaptive narcissism was significantly predictive of the impulsive buying tendency. By investigating 304 twin pairs, Study 2 showed that global narcissism and its two components, adaptive and maladaptive narcissism, as well as the impulsive buying tendency were heritable. The study found, moreover, that the connections between global narcissism and impulsive buying, and between maladaptive narcissism and impulsive buying were genetically based. These findings not only establish a link between narcissism and impulsive buying but also help to identify the origins of the link. The present studies deepen our understanding of narcissism, impulsive buying, and their interrelationship
Role of depression severity and impulsivity in the relationship between hopelessness and suicidal ideation in patients with major depressive disorder
No full textBackground: Hopelessness, depression and impulsivity all contribute to the development of suicidal ideation in patients with major depressive disorder, but the pathway of these factors to suicidal ideation is not clear. This study examined the meditating effect of depression severity on the relationship between hopelessness and suicidal ideation and explored how this mediating effect was moderated by impulsivity
Neural Correlates of Associative Memory in the Elderly: A Resting-State Functional MRI Study
No full textThe neural correlates of associative memory in healthy older adults were investigated by examining the correlation of associative memory performance with spontaneous brain oscillations. Eighty healthy older adults underwent a resting-state functional MRI and took a paired-associative learning test (PALT). Correlations between the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFF) as well as fractional ALFF (fALFF) in the whole brain and PALT scores were calculated. We found that spontaneous activity as indexed by both ALFF and fALFF in the parahippocampal gyrus (PHG) was significantly positively correlated with associative memory performance, suggesting that the PHG plays a critical role in associative memory in older people
The influence of emotional salience on the integration of person names into context
No full textPrevious event-related potentials (ERP) studies on the processing of emotional information in sentence/discourse context have yielded inconsistent findings. An important reason for the discrepancies is the different leadco-semantic properties of the emotional words. The present study controlled for the lexico-semantic meaning of emotional information by endowing the same person names with either positive or negative valence. ERPs were computed for positively and negatively valenced person names that were either congruent or incongruent to previous emotional contexts. We found that positive names elicited an N400 effect while negative names elicited a P600 effect in response to the incongruence. These results suggest that the integration of positive and negative information into emotional context exhibits different time courses, with a relatively delayed integration for negative information. Our study demonstrates that using person names constitutes a new and improved tool for investigating the integration of emotional information into context. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved
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