Institute of Psychology,Chinese Academy Of Sciences
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PDE3A mutations cause autosomal dominant hypertension with brachydactyly
No full textCardiovascular disease is the most common cause of death worldwide, and hypertension is the major risk factor(1). Mendelian hypertension elucidates mechanisms of blood pressure regulation. Here we report six missense mutations in PDE3A (encoding phosphodiesterase 3A) in six unrelated families with mendelian hypertension and brachydactyly type E (HTNB)(2). The syndrome features brachydactyly type E (BDE), severe salt-independent but age-dependent hypertension, an increased fibroblast growth rate, neurovascular contact at the rostral-ventrolateral medulla, altered baroreflex blood pressure regulation and death from stroke before age 50 years when untreated(3,4). In vitro analyses of mesenchymal stem cell-derived vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and chondrocytes provided insights into molecular pathogenesis. The mutations increased protein kinase A-mediated PDE3A phosphorylation and resulted in gain of function, with increased cAMP-hydrolytic activity and enhanced cell proliferation. Levels of phosphorylated VASP were diminished, and PTHrP levels were dysregulated. We suggest that the identified PDE3A mutations cause the syndrome. VSMC-expressed PDE3A deserves scrutiny as a therapeutic target for the treatment of hypertension
Fibroblast growth factor (FGF21) protects mouse liver against D-galactose-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis via activating Nrf2 and PI3K/Akt pathways
No full textFGF21 is recently discovered with pleiotropic effects on glucose and lipid metabolism. However, the potential protective effect of FGF21 against D-gal-induced injury in the liver has not been demonstrated. The aim of this study is to investigate the pathophysiological role of FGF21 on hepatic oxidative injury and apoptosis in mice induced by D-gal. The 3-month-old Kunming mice were subcutaneously injected with D-gal (180 mg kg(-1) d(1)) for 8 weeks and administered simultaneously with FGF21 (5 or 1 mg kg(-1) d(1)). Our results showed that the administration of FGF21 significantly alleviated histological lesion including structure damage, degeneration, and necrosis of hepatocytes induced by D-gal, and attenuated the elevation of liver injury markers, serum AST, and ALP in a dosedependent manner. FGF21 treatment also suppressed D-galinduced profound elevation of ROS production and oxidative stress, as evidenced by an increase of the MDA level and depletion of the intracellular GSH level in the liver, and restored the activities of antioxidant enzymes SOD, CAT, GSH-Px, and T-AOC. Moreover, FGF21 treatment increased the nuclear abundance of Nrf2 and subsequent up regulation of several antioxidant genes. Furthermore, a TUNEL assay showed that D-gal-induced apoptosis in the mouse liver was significantly inhibited by FGF21. The expression of caspase-3 was markedly inhibited by the treatment of FGF21 in the liver of D-gal-treated mice. The levels of PI3K and PBK/Akt were also largely enhanced, which in turn inactivated pro-apoptotic signaling events, restoring the balance between pro-and anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 and Bax proteins in the liver of D-gal-treated mice. In conclusion, these results suggest that FGF21 protects the mouse liver against D-gal-induced hepatocyte oxidative stress via enhancing Nrf2-mediated antioxidant capacity and apoptosis via activating PI3K/Akt pathway
ARE PATIENTS WITH SCHIZOPHRENIA HAVING A DEFECTIVE TRANSLATION OF BOTH EMOTIONAL VALENCE AND AROUSAL INTO MOTIVATED BEHAVIOUR: A CROSS-CONTROL LABORATORY STUDY
No full textTHEORY OF MIND PERFORMANCE IN FIRST-EPISODE SCHIZOPHRENIA PATIENTS AND THEIR UNAFFECTED SIBLINGS
No full textImpaired Voluntary Wheel Running Behavior in the Unilateral 6-Hydroxydopamine Rat Model of Parkinson's Disease
No full textObjective : The aim of this study was to investigate voluntary wheel running behavior in the unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) rat model
The Time Course of Age-related Emotional Preference in Task-irrelevant Affective Processing
No full textStudies of the age-related positivity effect have demonstrated that older adults have a generalized preference to positive stimuli or avoidance to negative stimuli compared with younger adults. However, it remains unclear when and how this positive effect occurs in task-irrelevant affective processing in the aging brain. The present study investigated age-related emotional preference in one task-irrelevant affective stimuli processing by event-related brain potentials (ERPs) measurement with a specific focus on the time course of older adults' emotional processing and regulation. Younger and older adults completed a modified oddball task in which the deviant stimuli were affective faces. In the relatively early time window, the brain activities were not modulated by emotional valence in younger adults, yet the sad stimuli elicited a larger P3a than the happy and neutral ones in older adults. In the late time window, the sad stimuli elicited a larger positive slow wave than the happy stimuli in younger adults. Contrarily, at the later processing stage older adults' valence differences were eliminated. In general, we found time course differences in how older adults processed task-irrelevant affective stimuli compared, with the young, and an age-related positivity effect occurred in the late time window, manifested as a negativity preference in younger and no preferences in older adults. These results provided evidence for supporting socioemotional selectivity theory from an ERP approach
信息推送-人脑连接组计划首次发布脑磁图数据集
No full text研究进展
人脑连接组计划首次发布脑磁图数据集
3月4日，华盛顿大学与明尼苏达大学作为人脑连接组计划（Human Connectome Project ，HCP）的联合参与者首次发布脑磁图（Magnetoencephalography ，MEG）数据集。MEG1（HCP MEG Initial）为14位（均为同卵双胞胎）健康成人被试在静息态（rMEG）及感觉、运动和认知测量3种任务下的10组完备的高质量数据（数据类型见正文下方）。
通过ConnectomeDB数据库可获取约300GB的MEG1数据，其中大部分HCP影像和行为数据注册后可供全球研究人员获取，下载地址：
https://db.humanconnectome.org/app/template/Login.vm;jsessionid=F8866779BA3488B273A55C3D32236133。
HCP MEG专有分析软件“megconnectome software version 1.0”经注册可免费下载使用，
下载地址：http://humanconnectome.org/documentation/MEG1/meg-pipeline.html。
更多信息可通过HCP MEG1数据参考手册获得，
下载地址：http://humanconnectome.org/documentation/MEG1/
MEG1 包含如下数据类型:
• raw, unprocessed MEG data in 4D Neuroimaging format
• co-registration information (in the form of transformation matrices) that allow coordinate transformations between individual subject MEG coordinate systems and the MNI coordinate system
• volume conduction model of the head (in MATLAB format)
• regular 3-D source models (in MATLAB format)
• E-Prime log files (tab-delimited and as Excel spreadsheets)
• lists of bad channels and bad segments
• sets of independent components (each comprising the time course and the sensor map) together with the related classification output
• cleaned channel-level processed data aligned to stimulus and response onsets (for the task data) or segmented in short pieces (2 sec epochs for the resting state data)
• averaged event-related fields and time-frequency estimates of power (for the task data)
• averaged power spectra (for the resting state data)
整理自：
http://humanconnectome.org/about/pressroom/project-news/hcp-releases-initial-meg-dataset/
原文标题：HCP Releases Initial MEG Dataset
检索日期：2014年3月10日
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Clarifying the Role of Psychological Pain in the Risks of Suicidal Ideation and Suicidal Acts among Patients with Major Depressive Episodes
No full textThe role of psychological pain in the risk of suicide was explored using a three-dimensional psychological pain model (pain arousal, painful feelings, pain avoidance). The sample consisted of 111 outpatients with major depressive episodes, including 28 individuals with suicidal histories. They completed the Chinese version of the Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation (BSI), the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), the Psychache Scale, and the three-dimensional Psychological Pain Scale (TDPPS). A structured clinical interview was conducted to assess the history of suicidal acts. Significant correlations were found among BDI, BSI, and TDPPS scores (p<.01). Stepwise regression analyses showed that only pain avoidance scores significantly predicted suicide ideation at one's worst point (=.79, p<.001) and suicidal acts (=.46, p<.001). Pain avoidance was also a better predictor of current suicidal ideation (=.37, p=.001) than were BDI scores (=.31, p<.01). Increased levels of pain avoidance during a major depressive episode may be a dominant component of the motivation for suicide. Future clinical assessments for populations at high risk of suicide should include measures of psychological pain to reduce the incidence of suicide
Perceptual Learning Improves Stereoacuity in Amblyopia
No full textPURPOSE. Amblyopia is a developmental disorder that results in both monocular and binocular deficits. Although traditional treatment in clinical practice (i.e., refractive correction, or occlusion by patching and penalization of the fellow eye) is effective in restoring monocular visual acuity, there is little information on how binocular function, especially stereopsis, responds to traditional amblyopia treatment. We aim to evaluate the effects of perceptual learning on stereopsis in observers with amblyopia in the current study
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