Vienna University of Economics and Business
Elektronische Publikationen der Wirtschaftsuniversität WienNot a member yet
4204 research outputs found
Sort by
Pandemics, climate and public finance: how to strengthen socio-economic resilience across policy domains
Get PDFThe outbreak of COVID-19 and the containment measures are having an un-precedented socio-economic impact in the European Union (EU) and elsewhere. The policies introduced so far in the EU countries promote a ‘business as usual’ economic re-cover y. This short-term strategy may jeopardise the mid-to-long-term sustainability and financial stability objectives. In contrast, strengthening the socio-economic resilience against future pandemics, as well as other shocks, calls for recover y measures that are fully aligned to the objectives of the EU Green Deal and of the EU corporate taxation policy. Tackling these long-term objectives is not more costly than funding the current short-term measures. Remarkably, it may be the only way to build resilience to future crises
Java EE/Jakarta EE Script Taglibs
No full textTaglibs allowing Apache BSF and Java scripting languages to be used as programming languages in JSP (Java server pages)
Prospects of activity limitations among older adults in 23 low and middle income countries
Get PDFIncreasing life expectancy and a growing share of older people around the world spotlight the issue of
health during additional years of life. Research on trends of proportions of older people with activity
limitations for low and middle income countries is sparse. We use data from the World Health Survey
and the UN World Population Prospects to predict prevalence of activity limitations for 23 low and
middle income countries for the upcoming 30 years. Our projections highlight huge variation in the
proportion of older adults with limitations across investigated countries and this variation is not
expected to diminish. However, these countries are facing considerable demographic changes and even
though prevalence rates appear almost constant, absolute numbers are changing which require policy
interventions. Furthermore, variations across countries reflect not only disparities in health conditions,
but also differences in cultural peculiarities of reporting and historical perception of health
The heterogeneous impact of monetary policy on the US labor market
Get PDFWe empirically investigate the role of central banks in the context of heterogeneous labor markets, jobless recoveries and job polarization. Specifically, we estimate the effect of monetary policy on the US labor market using disaggregated time series based on large scale survey data. The impact of interest rate changes on unemployment in 32 occupation groups is explored in a Bayesian factor-augmented vector autoregression framework. The results suggest largely heterogeneous impacts across various occupation groups. This heterogeneity can be explained by differential task profiles of the workers in their respective occupations. Workers with tasks that are easily automated or offshored as well as workers at the bottom of the skill distribution are disproportionately affected following a monetary policy shock. This implies that labor market participants that are highly vulnerable to structural developments such as skill-biased technological change and the globalization of labor markets are also most sensitive to conventionalmonetary policy measures. From a policy perspective, we conclude that central banks are unlikely to beable to take on a stabilizing role in the context of labor market polarization
Generalized Sparse Convolutional Neural Networks for Semantic Segmentation of Point Clouds Derived from Tri-Stereo Satellite Imagery
Get PDFWe studied the applicability of point clouds derived from tri-stereo satellite imagery for
semantic segmentation for generalized sparse convolutional neural networks by the example of
an Austrian study area. We examined, in particular, if the distorted geometric information, in addition
to color, influences the performance of segmenting clutter, roads, buildings, trees, and vehicles. In this
regard, we trained a fully convolutional neural network that uses generalized sparse convolution
one time solely on 3D geometric information (i.e., 3D point cloud derived by dense image matching),
and twice on 3D geometric as well as color information. In the first experiment, we did not use
class weights, whereas in the second we did. We compared the results with a fully convolutional
neural network that was trained on a 2D orthophoto, and a decision tree that was once trained on
hand-crafted 3D geometric features, and once trained on hand-crafted 3D geometric as well as color
features. The decision tree using hand-crafted features has been successfully applied to aerial laser
scanning data in the literature. Hence, we compared our main interest of study, a representation
learning technique, with another representation learning technique, and a non-representation learning
technique. Our study area is located in Waldviertel, a region in Lower Austria. The territory is
a hilly region covered mainly by forests, agriculture, and grasslands. Our classes of interest are heavily
unbalanced. However, we did not use any data augmentation techniques to counter overfitting. For our
study area, we reported that geometric and color information only improves the performance of the
Generalized Sparse Convolutional Neural Network (GSCNN) on the dominant class, which leads to a
higher overall performance in our case. We also found that training the network with median class
weighting partially reverts the effects of adding color. The network also started to learn the classes
with lower occurrences. The fully convolutional neural network that was trained on the 2D orthophoto
generally outperforms the other two with a kappa score of over 90% and an average per class accuracy
of 61%. However, the decision tree trained on colors and hand-crafted geometric features has a 2%
higher accuracy for roads
The Role of Disability and Accessibility in Corporate Sustainability Reporting
Get PDFAlthough companies increasingly focus on the social dimension in corporate sustainability, there seems to be a lack of understanding how and to what extent disability and accessibility frameworks and activities are integrated in corporate sustainability reports. In this article, we aim to close this gap by (a) analysing the disability and accessibility (D&A) activities from the largest 50 companies in Europe based on their corporate sustainability reports, and (b) advancing a simplified conceptual framework for D&A that can be used in corporate reporting. In particular, we provide an overview about corporate D&A reporting and associated activities according to three identified areas: (a) workforce, (b) workplace, and (c) products and services. Our findings are twofold: First, the majority of the companies address D&A in their corporate sustainability reports mainly under the diversity umbrella, but lack a detailed debate about the three identified areas. Second, we found that existing frameworks for D&A are hardly used because either they are not focused on corporate reporting or seem too difficult or complicated to complete. Thus, our framework not only represents a first opportunity to foster the implementation of a D&A framework within the social dimension of corporate sustainability reports, but also presents a holistic yet flexible management tool that takes into account the most critical elements while shaping implementation, directing evaluation and encouraging future planning of D&A initiatives. As such, this study contributes to and extends the limited amount of research of D&A activities in the social dimension in corporate sustainability reporting
Can I live with you after I retire? Retirement, old age support, and internal migration of older adults in China
Get PDFThis study examines the causal impact of retirement on migration decisions. Using a regression discontinuity (RD) design approach, combined with a nationally representative sample of 228,855 Chinese older adults, we find that retirement increases the probability of migration by 12.9 p.p. (an 80% increase in migration). Approximately 38% of the total migration effects can be attributed to inter-temporal substitution. Retirement-induced migrants are lower-educated, have restricted access to social security, and come from origins with high living costs. Relying on old age support from adult children in migration is a likely mechanism. These findings are consistent with a simple theoretical model of migration for older adults.Series: Department of Economics Working Paper Serie
The Effect of Intellectual Property Boxes on Innovative Activity & Effective Tax Rates
Get PDFWe exploit a quasi-experimental setting to cleanly identify the effect of the adoption of an intellectual property box (IP box) on innovative activity and effective tax rates. We document an increase in innovative activity, including patent applications, grants, and highly-skilled employment, at the expense of patent quality. Domestic firms drive this effect. We also provide evidence that firms with patents, on average, enjoy 7.2 percent to 7.9 percent lower effective tax rates, with the most significant financial benefits accruing to multinational firms compared to domestic firms. Within multinational firms, those without outbound income-shifting opportunities appear to benefit more than other multinationals. Relative to studies that use heterogeneous IP boxes, our results suggest an IP box that provides tax benefits for patent income only leads to a reasonable increase in innovative activity of 0.4 to 5.1 percent, with multinationals benefitting disproportionately from a financial perspective.Series: WU International Taxation Research Paper Serie
Coordination, cooperation and collaboration in relief supply chain management
Get PDFIn recent years, an increasing number of natural and man-made disasters has demonstrated that a working relief supply chain management (RSCM) is crucial in order to alleviate the suffering of the affected population. Coordination, cooperation and collaboration within RSCM is essential for overcoming these destructive incidents. This paper explores the research undertaken in recent years, focusing on coordination, cooperation and collaboration in the field of supply chain management (SCM) and RSCM in order to provide unique definitions of these concepts taking the disaster setting into consideration. A systematic literature review including 202 academic papers published from 1996 onwards in top journals dealing with commercial supply and relief supply chain coordination, cooperation and collaboration is applied. In order to answer the underlying research questions in a proper way, a descriptive analysis and qualitative and quantitative content analysis of the papers are conducted. Descriptive results indicate that RSCM coordination, cooperation and collaboration have increasingly shifted into the focus of scientific research since 2001/2004 (i.e., 9/11 and the Indian Ocean Tsunami). Based on the qualitative content analysis, clear definitions of the terms coordination, cooperation and collaboration in SCM and RSCM were elaborated. The research landscape, as a result of the quantitative content analysis, allowed the identification of three issues that need to be addressed in future research work