Vienna University of Economics and Business
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Studie zur Entwicklung der Betreuungskomplexität von Kindern und Jugendlichen.
Get PDFSeit einigen Jahren hört man von Fachkräften, die mit Kindern und Jugendlichen arbeiten, dass schwierige komplexe Fallgeschichten beziehungsweise sogenannte Multiproblemfälle deutlich zunehmen. Dies war der Ausgangspunkt einer Erhebung unter langjährigen MitarbeiterInnen von Nonprofit Organisationen (NPOs), die in der Kinder- und Jugendbetreuung beziehungsweise -therapie tätig sind. Ziel der Studie war herauszufinden, inwiefern sich die Betreuungskomplexität von Kindern und Jugendlichen in den letzten 20 Jahren verändert hat. Das Kompetenzzentrum für Nonprofit Organisationen und Social Entrepreneurship wurde Anfang 2019 von der Caritas Wien, Diakonie Österreich, SOS Kinderdorf, VKKJ und Vorarlberger Kinderdorf mit der methodischen Umsetzung dieser Studie beauftragt. Bisherige Studien haben die Perspektive von Fachkräften, welche die Kinder und Jugendlichen behandeln oder betreuen, wenig beleuchtet. Der nun vorliegende Bericht schließt diese Lücke ein Stück weit und zeigt auf, welche Entwicklungen und Herausforderungen in Bezug auf die Betreuungskomplexität und aus Sicht der in der Praxis tätigen Fachkräfte gegeben sind. In diesem Zusammenhang wurde eigens eine Konzeption von Betreuungskomplexität vorgenommen, die als Grundlage für die Erhebung diente. Methodisch wurde eine quantitative retrospektive Befragung langjährig erfahrener Fachkräfte im Bereich Kinder- und Jugendbetreuung beziehungsweise -therapie für die Jahre 1999, 2009 und 2019 durchgeführt. Die Gesamtdarstellung der subjektiv empfundenen Betreuungskomplexität und damit verbundener Belastung wurde über die Berechnung eines Häufigkeits- und Belastungsintensitäts-Index (HBI-I) umgesetzt. Die Studie zeigt, dass die Betreuungskomplexität im Zeitraum von 1999 bis 2019 deutlich zunahm. Bei einer Analyse der damit verbundenen Belastungen in verschiedenen Haupt- und Subdimensionen kristallisierten sich klar Thematiken heraus, bei denen Handlungsbedarf besteht und wo die Sozialraumplanung bzw. das Management der Organisationen ansetzen kann. Zusammenfassend zeigte sich, dass die Kinder und Jugendlichen per se selbst das geringste Problem in der Betreuungskomplexität sind. Bei ausreichend zeitlichen Ressourcen für die betreuenden bzw. behandelnden Fachkräfte sind schwierige komplexe Betreuungssituationen wohl bewältigbar. Hauptpunkte an denen aktuell Druck ins System kommt haben viel mit erhöhtem zeitlichen Aufwand abseits der direkten Arbeit mit den Kindern und Jugendlichen zu tun. Hierzu zählen beispielsweise zunehmende Vernetzungsarbeit, ein stark erhöhter Aufwand im Bereich der inhaltlichen Elternarbeit und Kommunikation mit dem Herkunftssystem, fehlende Betreuungsangebote und der daraus resultierende Suchaufwand für externe Betreuung bzw. Behandlung sowie ein herausfordernder Umgang mit neuen digitalen Welten
Do Employees’ Sickness Absences React to a Change in Costs for Firms? Evidence from a Natural Experiment
Get PDFWe analyse the impact of a social security reform that changed the costs incurred by firms due to sickness absences. The reform abolished a compulsory insurance for firms, which insured them against the wages paid to sick blue‐collar workers. During the first year after its introduction, we estimate that the reform resulted in about 6.3 percent fewer sickness absences, and in about 8.6 percent fewer absence days. We do not find evidence for changes in hiring or firing, and we find only limited workforce composition changes. We do not find spillover effects on the absences of white‐collar workers. Robustness checks confirm these results
Out of sight, out of mind? (In)visibility of/in platform-mediated work
Get PDFWith platforms accounting for 1–3% of paid work in advanced economies, discussions on their impact on labor are proliferating. Focusing on commercial platforms providing intermediation to a workforce available on-demand, we further systematize the field by approaching platform-mediated work through the lens of (in)visibility. We map four basic forms of platform-mediated work against three variations of (in)visibility: (1) perceptible, (2) institutional, and (3) individual, and discuss the implications through the stories of three protagonists of platform workers. The suggested meta-analysis tool for understanding the mechanism of rendering platform workers obscure exposes who is recognized as a worker, what is recognized as work, and how these questions are negotiated in a platform-mediated digital space. As such, the framework provides a joint space for the discussions of the core issues of the field—from regulation and uncertainties of platform employment, through exacerbating vulnerabilities of workers, to surveillance and self-governance
Linguistic attribution of modern kazakh anthroponyms
Get PDFThis article offers the stratigraphic analysis of modern Kazakh personal names. The data necessary to
complete this study was collected from the birth records at the Departments of Civil Status Registration
Offices (Almaly, Alatau, Auezov, Bostandyk, Zhetisu, Medeu, Nauryzbai, Turksib regions) of Almaty
city. More than five thousand personal names of newborns born in 2010 are subjected to this analysis.
Modern Kazakh personal names are classified according to ethno-linguistic groups and subgroups. The
ethnolinguistic aspect of the research allowed to reveal features of formation and development of modern
Kazakh anthroponymy. The results of the study indicate that the Kazakh people were able to preserve
the historical memory of culture and develop national traditions of naming through historical periods.
The results of the research indicate that the national code of culture is preserved in Kazakh naming system
as a fact of historical memory, the national traditions of naming are maintained accordingly. However,
it should be noted that currently Kazakh anthroponymy is developing in four directions. Firstly, the
Turkic-Kazakh traditions of naming are preserved, which are fundamental in the development of Kazakh
anthroponymy. Secondly, there is an increase of Arabic names, which is associated with the growth of
religious sentiment in society. Thirdly, penetration of Russian and European traditions of naming into Kazakh
naming system. Fourthly, the occurrence of a new trend of naming: the formation of double names
through a hyphen, double names that are written separately or together
Sparse Bayesian Vector Autoregressions in Huge Dimensions
Get PDFWe develop a Bayesian vector autoregressive (VAR) model with multivariate stochastic volatility that is capable of handling vast dimensional information sets. Three features are introduced to permit reliable estimation of the model. First, we assume that the reduced‐form errors in the VAR feature a factor stochastic volatility structure, allowing for conditional equation‐by‐equation estimation. Second, we apply recently developed global‐local shrinkage priors to the VAR coefficients to cure the curse of dimensionality. Third, we utilize recent innovations to efficiently sample from high‐dimensional multivariate Gaussian distributions. This makes simulation‐based fully Bayesian inference feasible when the dimensionality is large but the time series length is moderate. We demonstrate the merits of our approach in an extensive simulation study and apply the model to US macroeconomic data to evaluate its forecasting capabilities
Disentangling the Differential Roles of Warmth and Competence Judgments in Customer-Service Provider Relationships
Get PDFDespite increasing interest in warmth and competence as fundamental dimensions in consumers’ evaluation of service providers, prior research remains ambiguous about which dimension is more important. The current study develops a nomological frame-work that clarifies this ambiguity and explains whether, when, and why warmth or competence takes precedence for different outcomes in customer-service provider relationships. Combined evidence from field and laboratory studies support the notion ofan asymmetric dominance, which suggests that warmth is dominant in driving outcomes that capture relational aspects (e.g.,customer-company identification), whereas competence is dominant in driving outcomes that capture transactional aspects of the customer-service provider relationship (e.g., share of wallet). The findings provide first insights into the underlying mechanisms that drive this asymmetric dominance by demonstrating that relational and capability concerns mediate this process. Moreover,the current investigation identifies novel moderators that offer managers help in identifying service contexts (people vs. objectcare) and customer segments (differing in process and outcome service goals) for which investing in warmth or competence ismore promising. Overall, displaying competence is particular effective in driving customer attraction and current operating performance, whereas displaying warmth is better suited to establish strong emotional bonds and drive customer retention
Plausible energy demand patterns in a growing global economy with climate policy
Get PDFReducing energy demand has become a key mechanism for limiting climate change, but practical problems with large energy savings in a growing global economy and, importantly, in its lower-income parts remain. Using new energy-GDP data, we show that adopting the same near-term low-energy growth trajectory in all regions in IPCC scenarios limiting global warming to 1.5°C presents an unresolved policy challenge. We discuss this challenge of combining energy demand reductions with robustincome growth for the 6.4 billion people in middle and low income countries in light of economic development’s reliance on industrialisation. Our results highlight the importance of addressing limits to energy demand reduction in integrated assessment modelling when regional economic development is powered by industrialization and instead exploring faster energy supply decarbonization. Insights from development economics and other disciplines could help generate plausible assumptions given the financial, investment and stability issues involved.Series: Ecological Economic Paper
A joint time-assignment and expenditure-allocation model: value of leisure and value of time assigned to travel for specific population segments
Get PDFBased on a time-use model with a sound theoretical basis and carefully collected data for
Austria, the value of leisure (VoL) for different population segments has been estimated.
Through the combination of these results with mode-specific values of travel time savings
from a related study based on the same data, the first mode-specific values of time assigned
to travel (VTAT) were calculated. Data was collected using a Mobility-Activity-Expenditure
Diary, a novel survey format which gathers all activities, expenditures, and travel decisions
from the same individuals for 1 week in a diary-based format. The average VoL is
8.17 Euro/h, which is below the mean wage of 12.14 Euro/h, indicating that the value of work is,
on average, negative. Regarding the reliability of the VoL, we show its sensitivity to the
variance of working time in a sample, something that has been ignored in previous studies
and could be used to avoid inadequate segmentation. We controlled this effect in the
analysis of the heterogeneity of the VoL across the population by estimating the parameters
from the total (unsegmented) dataset with single interaction terms. We find that the VTAT
is strictly negative for walking, predominantly negative for cycling and car, and predominantly
positive for public transport with 0.27 Euro/h on average. The positive VTAT for public
transport is a strong indication for the importance of travel conditions, in turn suggesting
that improvements in travel conditions of public transport might be as important as investing
in shorter travel times
The Influence of Regulation on Trust and Risk Preference in Sharing Communities
Get PDFSharing within communities has gained popularity in recent years. However, taking part
in a community also comes with a certain amount of risk. This perceived amount
of risk can be contained by regulations within a community as well as by potential
participants’ trust in the community and the other members. We argue for a relation
between regulation and the willingness to take the risk of joining a sharing community
with trust as a mediator. Thereby, we distinguish between two kinds of regulation (soft
and harsh regulation) and two kinds of trust (implicit and reason-based trust) on two
different levels (vertical and horizontal trust). In one laboratory and one online experiment
with 432 participants overall, we found that the compound of high soft and low harsh
regulation increases participants’ willingness to take the risk of participation and that the
effect of soft regulation is mediated mainly by vertical and horizontal reason-based trust.
Based on our results, we encourage sharing communities to count on soft regulation in
order to increase potential members’ trust in the community and therefore take the risk
to participate