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Assessing the risk of pre-existing grievances in non-democracies: The conditional effect of natural disasters on repression
Get PDFEvery disaster carries the risk of destruction but not every disaster prompts violent political process in a country. This article examines the popular argument that natural disasters can lead to higher state violence if resulting shocks caused by a disaster add to pre-existing grievances. If economic inequality or political instability is prevalent before a disaster occurs, disasters are expected to exacerbate the perceived threat to government's survival in office. Consequently, repression is expected to be higher in the aftermath of a disaster. I test the existence of the expected conditional effect of pre-disaster stability and disasters using cross-national data on natural rapid-onset disasters in non-democracies between 1976 and 2013. As indicators for pre-existing grievances this article focuses on ex ante economic inequality and political dissent. While a natural disaster as such is not associated with a violation of human rights, empirical evidence suggests that the probability of an increase in post-disaster repression is higher when a country has previously experienced grievances
Sport logistics research: reviewing and line marking of a new field
Get PDFPurpose: Although logistics management is a crucial part of local and global sports events, there is noresearch-driven characterization of "sports logistics management". The purpose of this paper is to conceptualize a framework that allows for a more structured recognition of logistics in sports, in general, and sport event management, in particular. In addition, we conduct a systematic literature review of sports logistics management and locate opportunities for future research both for sports management and logistics management scholars.
Design/methodology/approach: Guided by Durach et al.'s (2017) systematic literature review approach, we identify key attributes and characteristics of sports logistics management. These are based on studies featuring at least partial aspects of logistics management in sports and sport events, and that were published between 2000 and mid-2019.
Findings: The study reveals that sports logistics management, meaning logistics activities in sports andsport event management, is a heavily under-researched area that provides an abundance of scientific opportunities. Based on the three sport event types of local/regional sport events, major sport events and mega sport events, the authors propose four sports logistics management pillars that are central to the proposed Sport Logistics Framework: venue logistics management, sports equipment logistics management, athletes logistics management, and fan and spectators logistics management.
Originality/value: This is the first study that builds on a systematic review of literature specifically focused on the logistics aspect in sports and sport event management. It provides a conceptual framework of sports logistics management and offers an agenda of future research opportunities
Matter and regulation: socio-metabolic and accumulation regimes of French capitalism since 1948
Get PDFThis paper aims at integrating macroeconomic and institutional analyses of long run dynamics of capitalism with material flow analysis. We investigate the links between accumulation and socio-metabolic regimes by studying French capitalism from a material perspective since 1948. We characterize its social metabolism both in production- and consumption-based approaches. We show that the periodization of accumulation regimes in terms of Fordism and Neoliberalism translates into material terms. The offshore materiality of Neoliberalism partly substitutes for and partly complements the more domestic materiality inherited from Fordism.
The transition phase between the two socio-metabolic regimes clearly corresponds to the emergence of the offshoring-financialization nexus of French capitalism indicating the shift from the fordist accumulation regime to the neoliberal accumulation regime. Acknowledging that socio-metabolic regimes have their own logic, we highlight strong inter-linkages between accumulation and material dynamics and discuss how materials may be instrumental in shaping accumulation regimes. This work therefore illustrates the relevance of combining institutional macroeconomics with methods and approaches derived from Ecological Economics.Series: Ecological Economic Paper
Unternehmensreaktionen auf Länderrisiko-Erhöhungen: Eine Fallstudienuntersuchung aus der Perspektive österreichischer Tochtergesellschaften in der Russischen Föderation
Get PDFDie vorliegende Doktorarbeit hat zum Ziel, die Entwicklung der länderspezifischen Investitionsrahmenbedingungen eines von immer noch andauernden Sanktionen erschütterten Landes, das a priori als hoch riskant eingestuft wird, zu erforschen. Im Rahmen einer vertieften Literaturanalyse und einer zweiteiligen empirischen Fallstudienuntersuchung wird aufgezeigt, welche länderspezifischen Aspekte von der Eskalation des geopolitischen Konfliktes zwischen der Russischen Föderation und der Ukraine betroffen waren und wie ausgewählte österreichische Unternehmen mit Tochtergesellschaften dort mit der angespannten Marktsituation zurechtgekommen sind.
Die einleitende Literaturanalyse beginnt mit der begrifflichen Einordnung des zentralen Terminus Länderrisiko i.w.S. samt seinen Bestimmungsfaktoren und Beurteilungsmethoden, sowie auch mit der Fokuslegung auf die bestimmte ausländische Marktbearbeitungsform FDI. Die Präsentation der Erkenntnisse über die Wechselwirkung zwischen Länderrisiko i.w.S. und FDI stellt eine theoretische Einleitung für die durchgeführte Fallstudienanalyse dar. Um zum Verständnis der Russischen Föderation als Investitionsstandort zu verhelfen, wird das Land mit seinen spezifischen FDI-Rahmenbedingungen und seinem Investitionsvolumen abgebildet.
Im empirischen Teil werden mittels der qualitativen Forschungsmethode Fallstudienuntersuchung eine unterstützende und eine zentrale Forschungsfrage beantwortet. Anhand einer Datentriangulation wurden insgesamt 1.785 archivierte Unternehmensdokumente und zusätzlich noch vier individuell gestaltete schriftliche Experteninterviews einer zweiteiligen Dokumentenanalyse unterzogen. Mit Hilfe der deutschen QDA-Programms Atlas.ti wurden für jedes einzelne Unternehmen insgesamt sechs getrennten „Within Case“Analysen und für jede Unternehmensgruppe drei „Cross Case“-Analysen durchgeführt.
In Bezug auf die unterstützende Forschungsfrage wurde belegt, dass die Erhöhung des Länderrisikos eine negative Auswirkung auf die politische, wirtschaftliche, währungsbedingte und sozio-kulturelle Komponente des Länderrisikos i.w.S. hat. Im Zuge der Beantwortung der zentralen Forschungsfrage wurde eindeutig schlussgefolgert, dass erhöhtes Länderrisiko finanzielle Verluste in den ausländischen Tochtergesellschaften verursacht. Personalkürzungen, Verschiebungen bzw. Stornierungen geplanter Projekte/ Aufträge, Schließungen von Filialen, etc. stellen weitere empirische Erkenntnisse dar, um das erhöhte Länderrisiko der Russischen Föderation zu überwinden
Governance in socioeconomic pathways and its role for future adaptive capacity
Get PDFWeak governance is one of the key obstacles for sustainable development. Undoubtedly, improvement of governance comes with a broad range of co-benefits, including countries’ abilities to respond to pressing global challenges such as climate change. However, beyond the qualitative acknowledgement of its importance, quantifications of future pathways of governance are still lacking. This study provides projections of future governance in line with the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways. We find that under a "rocky road" scenario, 30% of the global population would still live in countries characterized by weak governance in 2050, while under a "green road" scenario, weak governance would be almost entirely overcome over the same time frame. On the basis of pathways for governance, we estimate the adaptive capacity of countries to climate change. Limits to adaptive capacity exist even under optimistic pathways beyond mid-century. Our findings underscore the importance of accounting for governance in assessments of climate change impacts
Laying the Foundations of International Careers Research
Get PDFAs an editorial to the special issue "new avenues in interna
tional careers Research" this article discusses the roots of
the international careers research stream, which sits at the
intersection between career studies, HRM and international
management. In order to support future studies in this
emerging area of enquiry, we attempt to lay down the foun-
dations of a research agenda based around what we see as
the three core areas of interest: contextualised careers
research, comparative careers research and careers research
in internationally operating organisations. After providing
some suggestions for the kinds of theoretical and methodo-
logical tools that will be required to build on these founda
tions, we introduce the five empirical papers that comprise
this special issue
A System Dynamics Approach for Modeling Return on Quality for ECS Industry
Get PDFThe Electronic Components and Systems industry (ECS) is characterized by long lead times and high market volatility. Besides fast technological development within this industry, cyclic market up- and downturns are influencing the semiconductor market. Therefore, adequate capacity and inventory management as well as continuous process improvements are important success factors for semiconductor companies to be competitive. In this study, the authors focus on a manufacturing excellence approach to increase front-end supply reliability and the availability of inventory within the customer order decoupling point. Here, development and manufacturing processes must be designed in a way that highest levels of product quality, flexibility, time and costs are reached. The purpose of this study is to explore the impact of return on quality in manufacturing systems. Therefore, multimethod simulation modelling including discrete-event and system dynamics simulation is applied
Ecosystem services costs of metal mining and pressures on biomes
No full textMetal mining has significant impacts on the land it uses. With increasing demand for metals, these impacts will continue to intensify. One way to look at land use and related environmental impacts is the concept of ecosystem services (ES), defined as the benefits people derive from services provided by ecosystems. This paper estimates the costs of the reduction of ES due to metal mining`s global land use by analysing four key metal ores – bauxite (aluminium), copper, gold and iron, and by doing so, provides also novel information from which biomes those metals are extracted.
The overall ES cost caused by metal mining is estimated at about USD 5.4 billion/year (2016), with about two thirds in forested areas. If added to prices, it would lead to increases of between 0.8% and 7.9% for the four commodities studied.
The authors do not understand ES valuation as a market-based, stand-alone tool to lower the land impact of metal mining. Other policy tools would have to play a leading role, such as zoning regulations, environmental minimum standards or closure legislation. However, it would be a useful support for such policy tools in all stages of mining where land use aspects play a role
Impact-oriented networks in the context of philanthropy: an evaluation of the Bosch Alumni Network
Get PDFThis report presents the findings of an exploration into the operating principles, benefits and social impact of the Bosch Alumni Network (BAN), an impact-oriented network that brings together more than 6,800 current fellows, grantees, staff and partners of the Robert Bosch Stiftung (RBSG) from all over the world. It builds on the results of a 12-month research project (09/2019-08/2020), comprising of the review of scientific literature (80+ sources) and company documents, 13 background interviews, 22 interviews with members, a participatory observation and an online survey of 634 members
Housing and Income Inequality in Europe. What drives the difference?
Get PDFThis article combines survey and national accounts data to estimate noncash income from imputed rents, using a consistent methodology for all countries in order to assemble comparable statistics that allow for a valid intercountry comparison. We can confirm a significant impact of non-cash income and find an inequality-decreasing effect for the unconditional income distribution which highly correlates with the proportion of owner-occupiers in the respective countries. However, aggregated inequality measures are not suited to analyse the increase of the conditional income inequality between owneroccupiers and renters, who do not obtain income from imputed rents by definition. Therefore we apply methods from the decomposition literature and find a strong heterogeneity of tenure structures, tax policies and the resulting distributional effects on the conditional income distribution.Series: INEQ Working Paper Serie