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ROI: An extensible R optimization infrastructure.
Get PDFOptimization plays an important role in many methods routinely used in statistics, machine learning and data science. Often, implementations of these methods rely on highly specialized optimization algorithms, designed to be only applicable within a specific application. However, in many instances recent advances, in particular in the field of convex optimization, make it possible to conveniently and straightforwardly use modern solvers instead with the advantage of enabling broader usage scenarios and thus promoting reusability. This paper introduces the R optimization infrastructure ROI which provides an extensible infrastructure to model linear, quadratic, conic and general nonlinear optimization problems in a consistent way. Furthermore, the infrastructure administers many different solvers, reformulations, problem collections and functions to read and write optimization problems in various formats
COVID-19 and climate: global evidence from 117 countries
Get PDFVisual inspection of world maps shows that coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is less prevalent in countries closer to the equator, where heat and humidity tend to be higher. Scientists disagree how to interpret this observation because the relationship between COVID-19 and climatic conditions may be confounded by many factors. We regressconfirmed COVID-19 cases 5per million inhabitants in a country against the country’s distance from the equator, controlling key confounding factors: air travel, distance to Wuhan, testing intensity, cell phone usage, vehicle concentration, urbanization, and income. A one-degree increase in absolute latitude is associated with a 2.6% increase in cases per million inhabitants (p value <0.001). The Northern hemisphere may see a decline in new COVID-19 cases during summer and aresurgence during winter.
One Sentence Summary: An increase in absolute latitude by onedegree is associated with a 2.6% increase in COVID-19 cases per million inhabitants after controlling for several important factors
V1E: A Kernel for Domain-specific Textual Variability Modelling Languages
Get PDFv1e is a language kernel for textual variability modelling built on top of the language-development system DjDSL. As a language kernel,v1e provides a minimal but extensible set of abstractions to implement families of domain-specific languages for textual variability modelling. v1e provides for a small and versatile abstract syntax to encode feature models using multiplicity constraints and canonical semantics. v1e offers built-in analysis support, such as configuration validation, by maintaining internal BDD representations. A derived language becomes realised as a collection of extensions dependent on the language kernel. v1e is designed to behighly extensible and embeddable, e.g., as a dynamic library or as aREPL shell. In this paper, we showcase a selected derived languageand the design decisions involved: a kernel implementation of TVL on top of v1e. We conclude the paper by pointing out current limitations (e.g., representing attributed variability models) and future directions (e.g., analysis support beyond BDD).Series: Technical Reports / Institute for Information Systems and New Medi
Civil Society and Its Institutional Context in CEE
Get PDFAlthough civil societies in Central and Eastern Europe are often portrayed as similar, united by a shared communist past, they have developed along increasingly divergent trajectories over the past three decades. This article investigates the current state of civil society in the region and the role the institutional context plays in it. Drawing on historical institutionalism and the process of European integration, we classify the 14 countries under investigation into three distinct groups and analyze data from a survey of more than 350 local civil society experts. We find that, together with domestic governments, international donors and the EU are perceived as the most influential institutional actors for civil society organizations. Their respective influences, however, depend largely on a country's stage in the EU accession process. Overall, the study provides a differentiated mapping of civil society in this region and a better understanding of how the institutional context relates to a Country's civil society
The environmental state and the glass ceiling of transformation
Get PDFWhat are the capacities of the state to facilitate a comprehensive sustainability transition? It is argued that structural barriers akin to an invisible "glass ceiling" are inhibiting any such transformation. First, the structure of state imperatives does not allow for the addition of an independent sustainability imperative without major contradictions. Second, the imperative of legitimation is identified as a crucial component of the glass ceiling. A distinction is introduced between "lifeworld" and "system" sustainability, showing that the environmental state has created an environmentally sustainable lifeworld, which continues to be predicated on a fundamentally unsustainable reproductive system. While this "decoupling" of lifeworld from system sustainability has alleviated legitimation pressure from the state, a transition to systemic sustainability will require deep changes in the lifeworld. This constitutes a renewed challenge for state legitimation. Some speculations regarding possible futures of the environmental state conclude the article
Supply versus use designs of environmental extensions in input–output analysis: Conceptual and empirical implications for the case of energy
Get PDFInput–output analysis is one of the central methodological pillars of industrial ecology. However,
the literature that discusses different structures of environmental extensions (EEs), that is, the
scope of physical flows and their attribution to sectors in the monetary input–output table (MIOT),
remains fragmented. This article investigates the conceptual and empirical implications of applying
two different but frequently used designs of EEs, using the case of energy accounting, where
one represents energy supply while the other energy use in the economy. We derive both extensions
from an official energy supply–use dataset and apply them to the same single-region input–
output (SRIO) model of Austria, thereby isolating the effect that stems from the decision for the
extension design. We also crosscheck the SRIO results with energy footprints from the global
multi-regional input–output (GMRIO) dataset EXIOBASE. Our results show that the ranking of
footprints of final demand categories (e.g., household and export) is sensitive to the extension
design and that product-level results can vary by several orders of magnitude. The GMRIO-based
comparison further reveals that for a few countries the supply-extension result can be twice the
size of the use-extension footprint (e.g., Australia and Norway). We propose a graph approach
to provide a generalized framework to disclosing the design of EEs. We discuss the conceptual
differences between the two extension designs by applying analogies to hybrid life-cycle assessment
and conclude that our findings are relevant for monitoring of energy efficiency and emission
reduction targets and corporate footprint accounting
Fixing feedback revision rules in online markets
Get PDFFeedback withdrawal mechanisms in online markets aim to facilitate the resolution of conflicts during transactions. Yet, frequently used online feedback withdrawal rules are flawed and may backfire by inviting strategic transaction and feedback behavior. Our laboratory experiment shows how a small change in the design of feedback withdrawal rules, allowing unilateral rather than mutual withdrawal, can both reduce incentives for strategic gaming and improve coordination of expectations. This leads to less trading risk, more cooperation, and higher market efficiency.Series: Department of Strategy and Innovation Working Paper Serie
Model of Multi-branch Trees for Efficient Resource Allocation
Get PDFAlthough exploring the principles of resource allocation is still important in many fields, little is known about appropriate methods for optimal resource allocation thus far. This is because we should consider many issues including opposing interests between many types of stakeholders. Here, we develop a new allocation method to resolve budget conflicts. To do so, we consider two points—minimizing assessment costs and satisfying allocational efficiency. In our method, an evaluator's assessment is restricted to one's own projects in one's own department, and both an executive's and mid-level executives' assessments are also restricted to each representative project in each branch or department they manage. At the same time, we develop a calculation method to integrate such assessments by using a multi-branch tree structure, where a set of leaf nodes represents projects and a set of non-leaf nodes represents either directors or executives. Our method is incentive-compatible because no director has any incentive to make fallacious assessments
Produktkonzeption und Marktpotential einer Lernschwäche-Versicherung mit Ergebnissen einer empirischen Studie (122 Probanden/-innen) einschließlich aller Datensätze / Product Conception and Market Potential of Learning Weakness Insurance with Results from an Empirical Study (122 Respondents) Including the Complete Database / Nr. 18 der „Wiener Beiträge zur Betriebswirtschaftlichen Versicherungswissenschaft“ (WrBtrgBwVersWiss)
Get PDFThe impact of social and temporal job demands and resources on emotional exhaustion and turnover intention among flight attendants
Get PDFBased on a survey among flight attendants from a DACH-country-based airline, this study examines the effects and relative importance of social and temporal determinants of emotional exhaustion and turnover intention. Results suggest that scheduling satisfaction is the most influential predictor of both emotional exhaustion and turnover intention, followed by time pressure and surface acting for emotional Exhaustion and surface acting and organizational support for turnover intention. From a practical standpoint, these results thus suggest that the most important predictors of emotional exhaustion and turnover intention can be shaped and influenced quite well by management