Organic Eprints
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Genetic Trespass: GMOs and Agriculture. A submission prepared for the New Zealand Parliament on the Gene Technology Bill 2024
Get PDFFarmers are at risk of GMO genetic trespass wherever genetically modified organisms (GMOs) are allowed. An ‘apartheid’ between GM crops and non-GM crops is doomed to fail. The consequence is that GM crops contaminate non-GM crops. GM crops sell at a discount (currently 15%). So, a farmer’s crop that is contaminated by GMOs (e.g. from a neighbouring farm) will be downgraded from non-GMO to GMO, or from Certified Organic to GMO. This will result in an economic loss which is borne by the harmed farmer (rather than by the GMO farmer). The premium for non-GMO, or for Certified Organic, will be forfeited in the downgrade. Two case studies are provided (one from Canada, one from Australia) where non-GMO farmers with GMO contaminated crops have sought a legal remedy. These farmers found no remedy for GMO genetic trespass (and BigGMO multinational corporations have deep pockets for winning litigation against ‘Farmer Joe’). The Gene Technology Bill in its current iteration offers no protection to non- GMO farmers against the inevitable genetic trespass by GMOs (were GMOs to be approved for NZ agriculture). In the absence of a pre-emptive solution to the economic harms of GMO genetic trespass to the well being of NZ farmers, the Gene Technology Bill 2024 deserves to be rejected
Die Augenbohne - Vernachlässigte und trockenheitsresistente Körnerleguminose für die vielfältige Ernährung und klima-freundliche Landwirtschaft in der Schweiz Jahresbericht 1- Kurze Version
No full textZiel des Projekts ist, die Vielfalt an lokal angebauten Leguminosenarten für die menschliche Ernährung zu erhöhen. Dazu werden kommerzielle Sorten und Landrassen von der Augenbohne (Vigna unguiculata L.) aus dem In- und Ausland gesammelt, vermehrt und auf ihre Anbaueignung unter Praxisbedingungen geprüft. Erfolgreiche Sorten/Landrassen werden verarbeitet und degustiert, um das Potenzial als Lebensmittel in der Schweiz abzuschätzen. Mithilfe eines Citizien-Science App für On-Farm-Versuche und Degustationen wird die digitale Vernetzung von interessierten Landwirt*innen, Verarbeiter*innen und Konsument*innen in der Schweiz gefördert und Resultate in Echtzeit verfügbar gemacht. Dadurch sollen neue Nischenmärkte geschaffen werden
Do consumers want specialised breeding goals for organic dairy cows – and how much are they willing to pay for individual breeding traits?
No full textBased on an online survey from September 2024 among 1,500 Danish consumers, two research questions were put forward:
RQ1. Is there an interest among Danish consumers to pursue an independent organic breeding programme?
RQ2. What are consumers willing to pay for various breeding traits in organic dairy production?
We found that approximately half of the respondents representing buyers of organic food were in favour of a specific organic breeding programme in dairy farming. The breeding trait with the highest WTP was improved animal welfare, while lower WTP was found for reduced carbon emissions and healthier milk and cheese, and there was very little WTP for a higher yield. Interestingly, respondents who were in favour of an organic breeding programme had higher WTP for reduced carbon emissions for both milk and cheese and for improved animal welfare for cheese
Synergistic effect of biochar and post‑thermophilic stage application of supplemental Tithonia diversifolia on compost nutrient dynamics
Get PDFComposting is a sustainable waste management technique that transforms organic matter into a valuable, soil amendment through processes such as thermophilic decomposition. However, thermophilic composting leads to a los sof important nutrients such as nitrogen by up to 50% in some cases. This is due to low-quality feedstock and loss of labile nutrients caused by high pile temperatures in the early phase of the process. Ultimately, the low quality of compost can potentially reduce soil fertility and crop productivity. We sought to enhance compost quality by biochar addition during heaping and supplemental Tithonia diversifolia application during post-thermophilic stages. We did a field setup of four composting treatments; Conventional practice; (Cattle manure + dry maize stalks + Lantana camara); L, Biochar compost (Cattle manure + dry maize stalks + Lantana camara + Biochar); B, Biochar compost + Tithonia diversifolia; post-thermophilic phase Tithonia diversifolia supplementation to L (LT) and B (BT). Sampling for physicochemical parameters analysis was done every 21 days over 84 days on each heap. We used assorted functions in the R statistical package (version 4.3.1) to plot the principal component analysis, correlation matrix, and analysis of variance among compost treatments. Total nitrogen exhibited significant positive correlations with all other variables. We also observed significantly higher nutrient levels in biochar-based composts than those without biochar amendment. Supplemental addition of Tithonia diversifolia in the post-thermophilic stage significantly increased nitrogen levels (1.59% in BT and 1.32% in LT compared to 1.34% and 1.24% in B and L, respectively). However, this addition led to a rise in pile temperature, prolonging the composting duration. We observed the highest nitrogen and organic carbon levels in BT (1.59% and 24.9%, respectively) at the end of the composting process. Our study recommends applying nutrient-boosting materials such as Tithonia diversifolia, in the post-thermophilic stage to minimize nutrient losses during composting
UB_Gallecs_20PilotFields: Data from the survey on 20 pilots fields undergoing the transition to organic farming under Mediterranean climate (Gallecs, Barcelona, Spain)
No full textThis dataset is part of the database compiled as an outcome of Work Area 1 in project OrganicYieldsUP https://zenodo.org/communities/oyup_2428/records?q=&l=list&p=1&s=10&sort=newest.
Variable definitions can be found here: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15276083
This dataset compiles the information of 16 years of farm monitoring for the transition from conventional to organic arable crop systems in Gallecs. The Universitat de Barcelona, under the auspices of the Consortium of Gallecs, provides data from 20 pilot fields in extensive crops from 1rst year of conversion to organic farming in 2006; these data represent different farmers and annual farm management, crop rotations, weed abundance and crop yields; as well as soil parameters every five or six years. All fields are quite close on clay loam soils with c. 1% soil organic matter, under a Mediterranean climate with mean annual temperature 16°C and mean annual precipitation 599 mm. The data are accompanied by detailed weather data from nearby weather station
UB_NETFARMS: Farm monitoring data on conventional and organic farming arable systems for winter cereal crops in Catalonia (Spain)
No full textThis dataset is part of the database compiled as an outcome of Work Area 1 in project OrganicYieldsUP https://zenodo.org/communities/oyup_2428/records?q=&l=list&p=1&s=10&sort=newest.
Variable definitions can be found here: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15276083
Results from a farm monitoring that provides information on conventional and organic farming arable systems for winter cereal crops in Catalonia (Spain), comprising mixed and arable cropping farms as a baseline comparison under field conditions in the area. These are all under Mediterranean climate, on mainly clay loams, but somewhat variable in soil climate and overall conditions
Yield, soil and management data of the Frick long-term experiment on tillage, fertilization and biodynamic preparations on a Stagnic Eutric Cambisol in Switzerland
No full textIn Frick (Switzerland), a long-term experiment was established at the farm of the Research Institute of Organic Agriculture (FiBL) in autumn 2002 on a clay loam (Stagnic Eutric Cambisol). In this three-factorial experiment, a reduced tillage system with a chisel plough to a depth of 10 cm is compared to conventional ploughing to a depth of approx. 20 cm, a liquid manure system is compared to a compost manure system and the adding of biodynamic preparations is compared to none preparations. Biodynamic preparations had been assessed previously in system comparison experiments, however, their effect is difficult to elucidate separately in a system comparison approach. One reason for setting up this experiment was therefore a demand among farmers and researchers in early 2000 to disentangle the influence of biodynamic preparations from the influence of manure compost on soil fertility. On the other hand, it should be tested if and how reduced tillage is feasible in organic farming.
This dataset consists of plot data for yield, soil and management from 2002 to 2018. The crop rotation at the start of the experiment was winter wheat, sunflower, spelt and two years of grass clover. Sunflower was excluded after 2010 because of total yield loss due to slugs. For yield, total aboveground plant biomass is given for silage maize, grass-clover and cover crops, grain yield for winter wheat, spelt and sunflowers. Total nitrogen and phosphorus contents of the yield components are given as well.
Weed data is given as total weed cover and/or total weed biomass in the years with row crops. For pests and diseases, Fusarium toxins (DON) are given for 2003 and slug emergence for 2010. For soil data, soil organic carbon content, total nitrogen content and pH are given plotwise for the layers 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm in three year intervals generally. Bulk density is available for some years and plots.
This dataset has been evaluated and published in a research paper by Maike Krauss, Alfred Berner, Frédéric Perrochet, Robert Frei, Urs Niggli and Paul Mäder (2020): Enhanced soil quality with reduced tillage an solid manures in organic farming – a synthesis of 15 years. Scientific Reports 10:4403, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-61320-8
The dataset is available open access in Zenodo: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1530320
Organic variety trials for potatoes in Luxembourg
No full textThis dataset is part of the database compiled as an outcome of Work Area 1 in project OrganicYieldsUP. Variable definitions can be found here: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15276083
National organic variety trials for potatoes from 2018-2023 in Luxembourg
Long-term organic-conventional comparision field trial at Estonian University of Life Sciences
No full textThis dataset comprises data starting from 2008 at the EMU-LongTerm, an ongoing field trial managed by the Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences with four spatial replications and 5 temporal replications in a systematic block design. The experiment is on a sandy loam with 1.54 % organic matter, under a climate with average temperature 6.3ºC and precipitation 673 mm. It has daily meteorological data. The factorial design includes two conventional and three organic management treatments.
The database file is available in Zenodo with the DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.1531044
Organic variety trials for soy beans in Luxembourg
No full textThis dataset is part of the database compiled as an outcome of Work Area 1 in project OrganicYieldsUP. Variable definitions can be found here: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15276083
National organic variety trials for soy beans from 2014, 2018-2023 in Luxembourg