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Content Order-Controllable MR-to-Text
No full textContent order is critical in natural language generation (NLG) for emphasizing the focus of a generated text passage. In this paper, we propose a novel MR (meaning representation)-to-text method that controls the order of the MR values in a generated text passage based on the given order constraints. We use an MR-text dataset with additional value order annotations to train our order-controllable MR-to-text model. We also use it to train a text-to-MR model to check whether the generated text passage correctly reflects the original MR. Furthermore, we augment the dataset with synthetic MR-text pairs to mitigate the discrepancy in the number of non-empty attributes between the training and test conditions and use it to train another order-controllable MR-to-text model. Our proposed methods demonstrate better NLG performance than the baseline methods without order constraints in automatic and subjective evaluations. In particular, the augmented dataset effectively reduces the number of deletion, insertion, and substitution errors in the generated text passages.journal articl
Economic burden of cancer attributable to modifiable risk factors in Japan
No full textControlling avoidable causes of cancer may save cancer-related healthcare costs and indirect costs of premature deaths and productivity loss. This study aimed to estimate the economic burden of cancer attributable to major lifestyle and environmental risk factors in Japan in 2015. We evaluated the economic cost of cancer attributable to modifiable risk factors from a societal perspective. We obtained the direct medical costs for 2015 from the National Database of Health Insurance Claims and Specific Health Checkups of Japan, and estimated the indirect costs of premature mortality and of morbidity due to cancer using the relevant national surveys in Japan. Finally, we estimated the economic cost of cancer associated with lifestyle and environmental risk factors. The estimated cost of cancer attributable to lifestyle and environmental factors was 1,024,006 million Japanese yen (\) (8,460 million US dollars []) for both sexes, and \673,780 million (5,566 million) in men and \350,226 million (1 = \121.044). A total of \285,150 million (2,356 million) was lost due to premature death in Japan in 2015. Indirect morbidity costs that could have been prevented were estimated to be \200,602 million (1,657 million). Productivity loss was highest for stomach cancer in men (\28,735 million/237 million) and cervical cancer in women (\24,448 million/202 million). Preventing and controlling cancers caused by infections including Helicobacter pylori, human papillomavirus and tobacco smoking will not only be life-saving but may also be cost-saving in the long run.journal articl
Precise Measurement of the Ds+ Lifetime at Belle II
No full textWe measure the lifetime of the + meson using a data sample of 207 fb−1 collected by the Belle II experiment running at the SuperKEKB asymmetric-energy +− collider. The lifetime is determined by fitting the decay-time distribution of a sample of 116 ×103 +→+ decays. Our result is +=(499.5±1.7±0.9) fs, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second is systematic. This result is significantly more precise than previous measurements.journal articl
一番星へ行こう！日本の金星探査機の挑戦 その56 : 硫酸雲の材料物質，二酸化硫黄の高度分布に電波で迫る
No full text金星を覆う硫酸雲は，二酸化硫黄(SO2)と水蒸気から作られる．雲層より上の高度域と比較して，雲層及びその下の高度域におけるSO2濃度の時空間分布の観測例は非常に限られている．あかつきの電波掩蔽観測を利用して，我々は硫酸蒸気に加えて当初は予定していなかったSO2の高度分布も得ようと試みている．journal articl
不本意入学者が主体性を育むプロセス ―学力の問題による不本意入学者の場合―
No full text本研究は、学生の主体性が低下する要因の一つとして不本意入学に着目し、「学力の問題による不本意入学者が主体性を育むプロセス」を解明することを目的に行われた。不本意入学を経て主体性が乏しい状態にあったが、その後主体性が高まった経緯を持つ20名を対象にオンラインでインタビュー調査を行い、そのうち13名のデータを対象としてM-GTAにより分析を行った。分析の結果、与えられた状況下での主体性発揮の機会に加えて他者との間で自発的な表現が受け止められると主体性の高まりが促されること、同じ境遇の人の存在等によって不本意感が薄れてくると今いる場所に自分がいる意味を見出していくこと、他者との信頼関係の構築が主体性の育ちのプロセスの各所を促進すること等が見出された。この結果から、学生相談の実践において重要なこととして、主体性の“芽生え”を逃さずに受け止めること、学生と信頼関係を築くことおよび学生が他の場所で信頼関係を築くのを支援すること、他者から影響を受けることの少ない守られた場において自分自身を見つめる機会を提供することという3つの示唆が得られた。This study investigates the development process of self-direction among students unwilling to enroll in university because of inadequate academic achievement. It focuses on unwilling enrollment as a factor contributing to the decrease in self-direction of students. Online interviews were conducted with 20 participants who were unwilling to enroll and initially lacked self-direction but developed it later. Further, a modified grounded theory approach was used to analyze the narrative data of 13 of these participants. It showed that self-direction improves when students are given an opportunity to behave spontaneously and this behavior is accepted by others. Furthermore, when students’ unwillingness to enroll is weakened by multiple factors, they realize the significance of existing in their present position. Additionally, forming relationships of trust promotes several aspects of this process. Based on these results, this study makes the following suggestions for student counselors: (1) be aware of and accept students’ developing self-direction; (2) build a relationship of trust with students or help them build such relationships with others; and (3) give students an opportunity to reflect on themselves in a space free from outside interference.journal articl
The Preparation of Electrolyte Hydrogels with the Water Solubilization of Polybenzoxazine
No full textPolybenzoxazine (PBZ) exhibits excellent heat resistance, and PBZ derivatives have been designed and synthesized to achieve high performance. However, the application range of PBZ is limited by the strong interactions between molecular chains and its low solubility in organic solvents, thereby limiting its processability. This study focused on the benzoxazine structure as the molecular backbone of new hydrogel materials that can be applied as electrolyte materials and prepared functional gel materials. Here, we prepared hydrogels by water-solubilizing PBZ derivatives, which typically exhibit low solubility in organic solvents. Although studies on the hydrophilization of PBZ and its complexation with hydrophilic polymers have been conducted, no studies have been performed on the hydrogelation of PBZ. First, the phenol in the organic solvent-insoluble PBZ thin film obtained after the thermal ring-opening polymerization of the monomer was transformed into sodium phenoxide by immersion in a NaOH aqueous solution to water-solubilize it and obtain a hydrogel thin film. Although the hydrogel thin film exhibited low mechanical strength, a free-standing hydrogel film with improved strength was obtained through the double network gelation method with an acrylamide monomer system. The physical properties of the polymer composite hydrogel thin film were evaluated. The ionic conductivity of the hydrogel thin films was in the order of 10−4 S cm−1, indicating the potential of PBZ as an electrolyte hydrogel material. However, improving its ionic conductivity will be undertaken in future studies.journal articl