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From ‘what works’ to ‘how it works’ in research on restorative justice conferencing: The concept of readiness
No full textSuzuki, M ORCiD: 0000-0002-7925-2141While many empirical studies on restorative justice conferencing have been conducted in the context of ‘what works’, research on ‘how it works’ is scarce. Little is known about how, in what conditions and for whom restorative justice conferencing ‘works’. In this article, I aim to fill this gap in the literature by developing a concept of readiness. It refers to participants’ attitudes and emotional dispositions towards, and knowledge about, restorative justice conferencing and the other parties prior to the face-to-face dialogue process. I suggest that the concept of readiness may be a key independent variable to understand how restorative justice conferencing works because it reminds us that a restorative journey may begin before a face-to-face dialogue between participants take places. This article concludes by offering how it can be used in research on restorative justice conferencing
Soil erosion processes in subtropical plantations (Diospyros kaki) managed under flood irrigation in Eastern Spain
No full textGyasi-Agyei, Y ORCiD: 0000-0002-2671-1180Persimmons (Diospyros kaki) are trees cultivated under subtropical environmental conditions but are also found in other regions such as the Mediterranean. However, no research has been conducted to investigate soil erosion processes under Mediterranean soil management systems characterized by flood irrigation and/or tillage. The Improved Stock Unearthing Method (ISUM) for assessing long-term soil mobilization was applied to two fields, one under tillage and the other under no-till with herbicide within a 25-year old Mediterranean persimmon plantation. Replicating methods used in vineyard studies, graft unións on persimmon plants were used as passive bio-indicators of soil surface changes in this study. The tilled field showed a total soil mobilization volume of 48.4 m3 on a 408.5 m2 plot, representing a total soil loss of 52.6 Mg ha-1 yr-1. For the plot (468 m2) managed with no-till and herbicide, the results indicated total soil mobilization of 33.6 m3 which translates to 31.9 Mg ha-1 yr-1. It is concluded that flood irrigation is able to modify the runoff pathways and landforms in Mediterranean persimmon plantations, and the flood impact is more extensive when combined with tillage. For the first time, ISUM has been successfully applied to estimate soil erosion in a plantation under flood irrigation. © 2019 Department of Geography, National University of Singapore and John Wiley & Sons Australia, Lt
Hesitant hopes: How a comprehensive approach to learning impacts on the transition hopes of marginalised young people in an alternative learning programme in regional Australia
No full textBloomfield, CJ ORCiD: 0000-0003-4488-1842; Harreveld, RE ORCiD: 0000-0001-5485-2004Concerns have been raised internationally about whether alternative learning programmes are producing low-skilled labourers for rapidly disappearing twenty-first-century jobs. Researchers claim that learners in alternative programmes are more at risk due to the focus on low-level vocational and basic skill attainment, with a lack of formal academic pathways available to them. This article questions whether and in what ways an alternative learning programme supports young people to achieve successful transitions to sustainable social mobility for informed citizenship through a holistic approach to learning; or if class stratification is being re/enforced through systems’ accountability discourses. Hesitant hopes in alternative learning are explored through an ethnographic study of one alternative learning programme across five sites in regional Australia. Contextually, not-for-profit community agencies provide physical infrastructures as well as youth workers and volunteers, while a publicly funded School of Distance Education provides teacher oversight of the curriculum. Findings suggest that the theme of ‘hesitant hope’ is constructed through the analysis of the discourses of supporting wellbeing, life skill development and academic learning. These discourses facilitate further analysis of the concept of social mobility, suggesting a conceptual starting point for an engaging critique of the differing perspectives on how support could be providing these marginalised young people with a sense of hope for a socially mobile future. © 2019 British Educational Research Associatio
Hexagonal diamond model for international competitive advantages of high-speed railway industry
No full textZhao, X ORCiD: 0000-0003-0153-5173With the development of the economy, many countries and regions worldwide are implementing or planning to implement high-speed railway (HSR) projects. However, the great international demand has attracted fierce competition in the HSR industry. This study explained the determinants of international competitive advantages in the HSR industry. A questionnaire survey was used to obtain the relevant data from the international HSR industry. A group of 24 variables was identified through a literature review and verified by a pilot study. According to the international questionnaire survey, the 24 variables were categorized into 6 factors using exploratory factor analysis: technology conditions, industrial integrality, firms’ coopetition, demand conditions, capital and economics, and international reputation. By comparing these to the framework of the existing diamond model, a new model, i.e., the hexagonal diamond model, which describes the determinants of international competitive advantages in the HSR industry, was proposed. Postsurvey interviews were performed using a strength, weakness, opportunity, and threat (SWOT) analysis of the major HSR industrial systems to validate the hexagonal diamond model. This paper presents a novel model for the determinants of international competitive advantage in the HSR industry. The identified variables and the model are of great significance for both practitioners and researchers to enhance their understanding of international competitiveness in the HSR industry
Improvement of tablegrape vine fruitfulness by prior season gibberellic acid application during flowering
No full textWalsh, KB ORCiD: 0000-0002-3033-8622Gibberellic acid (GA3) spray application during flowering is practiced for berry thinning in commercial vineyards but may influence inflorescence primordia development in latent buds, leading to variability in vine fruitfulness and yield in the following season. The effects of timing (10% capfall to >80% capfall) of GA3 application during flowering on following season yield were evaluated for the commercial cultivar ‘Menindee Seedless’ in a subtropical climate of Queensland, Australia over two seasons. Inflorescences were counted 4–5 weeks after budburst to assess vine fruitfulness in the season following GA3 application. Applied at early flowering (30% capfall) GA3 produced significantly more (122%) inflorescences per vine in the following season compared to the unsprayed control. Application at mid (50% capfall) to late (>80% capfall) flowering stages did not affect inflorescence numbers in the following season when compared to the control, except at ≥70% capfall stage in one of the two seasons. Applied at late flowering (>80% capfall) GA3 resulted in greater berry diameter than application at early flowering (10% capfall). Further evaluation of a double application strategy involving GA3 at both an early and a late stage of flowering to influence both current season berry size and next season fruitfulness is recommende
A new species of Pseudoacanthocephalus (Acanthocephala: Echinorhynchidae) from the guttural toad, Sclerophrys gutturalis (Bufonidae), introduced into Mauritius, with comments on the implications of the introductions of toads and their parasites into the UK
No full textWarner, LR ORCiD: 0000-0002-1587-8129Pseudoacanthocephalus goodmani n. sp. is described from faecal pellets collected from Sclerophrys gutturalis (Power, 1927), the guttural toad. The species is characterized by a suite of characters, including a proboscis armature of 14-18 longitudinal rows of 4-6 hooks with simple roots, lemnisci longer than the proboscis receptacle, equatorial testes, a cluster of elongated cement glands and eggs without polar prolongations of the middle membrane 72.6-85.8 long. The toad had been accidentally translocated from Mauritius to the UK in a tourist's luggage and survived a washing machine cycle. The guttural toad was introduced into Mauritius from South Africa in 1922 and the cane toad, Rhinella marina (Linneaus, 1758), from South America, between 1936 and 1938. It seems most likely, therefore, that P. goodmani was introduced, with the guttural toad, from South Africa. The cane toad is host to the similar species, Pseudoacanthocephalus lutzi, from the Americas, but P. lutzi has not been recorded from places where the cane toad has been introduced elsewhere. Clearly, the guttural toad is a hardy and adaptable species, although it seems unlikely that it could become established in Northern Europe. Nevertheless, any accidental translocation of hosts poses the potential risk of introducing unwanted pathogens into the environment and should be guarded against. Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2020
Association between dietary patterns and sociodemographics: A cross‐sectional study of Australian nursing students
No full textKhalesi Taharoom, SS ORCiD: 0000-0002-8208-2518; Vandelanotte, CL ORCiD: 0000-0002-4445-8094; Williams, SL ORCiD: 0000-0003-4289-9248Lack of time, financial issues, and stressful clinical and educational environments in nursing studies promote higher intakes of convenience and fast foods loaded with fat and sugar, which are linked to reduced mental and physical health. In this study, we examined the dietary patterns of nursing students and their associated sociodemographic factors to inform the development of future health‐promotion interventions. A total of 548 Bachelor of Nursing students were invited to complete a survey. Associations were explored using χ2 and logistic regression. Three dietary patterns were identified: healthy (fruit, vegetables, and legumes), Western (loaded with fat, sugar, and salt), and unbalanced. Only 21% of participants were classified as following a healthy dietary pattern, and more likely to be older (>35 years old) and have a personal annual income between 59 999 and 99 999. Students with one to two and three or more children were more likely to follow a Western dietary pattern. There is a need to develop interventions to improve the dietary behaviors of nursing students by health‐promoting activities and the provision of online health resources
Program evaluation and decision analytic modelling of universal suicide prevention taining (safeTALK) in secondary schools
No full textDoran, CM ORCiD: 0000-0002-9009-4906; Kinchin, I ORCiD: 0000-0003-0133-2763; Russell, AM ORCiD: 0000-0002-3685-7220BACKGROUND: Universal suicide education and awareness training in schools are promising suicide prevention initiatives. This study aims to evaluate a suicide awareness training (safeTALK) and to model potential return on investment (ROI) on a population basis. SafeTALK, comprises a 3-h education session, and has been delivered to secondary school students (aged 15-16 years) in Mackay, located in the Australian state of Queensland. METHODS: Evaluation consisted of two phases, ex-post and ex-ante. Phase I was a pre-post, follow-up analysis using a mixed-method questionnaire administered immediately prior (Time 1), immediately after (Time 2), and 4 weeks after training (Time 3). Phase II involved decision analytic modelling comparing safeTALK to the status quo. ROI was modelled using Markov chains for a hypothetical population of students aged 15-19 years in Mackay (n = 2561; suicide rate 78.1 per 100,000), Queensland (n = 296,287; 10.2) and Australia (n = 1,421,595; 8.3). Model parameters, including rates of hospitalised self-harm and suicide, cost implications and effectiveness of safeTALK were drawn from published literature. The baseline model adapted a health and justice system's perspective, with an alternative model incorporating a societal perspective. All costs were adjusted to reflect AU1.45 per AU0.19 in Queensland; AU31.21, AU3.28, respectively. CONCLUSION: Results strengthen the premise that safeTALK is feasible to implement within a school setting. The economic case for implementation of safeTALK is promising on a population basis, especially in high-risk communities, but further research is required to confirm the study results
Clinical teaching and assessment in nursing
No full textMcallister, MM ORCiD: 0000-0003-1181-1610; Ryan, CL ORCiD: 0000-0002-1126-3901This chapter discusses the challenges and suggested theories for developing the role and emerging clinical teaching practices and a number of innovations to support professional development. It provides an overview of the strengths and challenges of this subspecialty of nursing education. Clinical teaching is concerned with facilitating integration between theory and practice so that students develop, and nurses maintain, fitness for practice. In high-acuity settings, where nursing students commonly learn nursing, patient status changes rapidly, requiring students to step back from providing care. Across the world, most universities have attempted to attract a diverse student body so that principles of equity include students from marginalised backgrounds, and so that the university itself can be profitable. Diversity in nursing student cohorts is affected by the increasing global trend to study abroad. International study enhances student understanding of global health and students benefit through increased cultural awareness, and personal and professional growth
Health assessment and physical examination
No full textCalleja, P ORCiD: 0000-0001-5674-1404Health assessment forms the foundation of all health care. Assessment is an ongoing process that is person-centred and considers the whole person as a physical, psychosocial and functional being, whether they are young or old, well or ill. Health Assessment and Physical Examination, 3rd edition for Australia and New Zealand, provides a well-illustrated approach to the process of holistic assessment, including health history interviews, physical examination techniques and health education.
The text is clearly presented and moves the learner through foundation to more advanced health assessment. For all levels of nurses, from commencing students to advanced health care practitioners, this text supports learners by presenting a scaffolded approach. This moves the learner through the comprehensive contextual information for that system, including health assessment and physical examination techniques supported by evidence. Through this process abnormal findings are highlighted and the chapter concludes with assessment applied to practice through a case study exemplar including actions the nurse should consider