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What exercise advice are women receiving from their healthcare practitioners during pregnancy?
No full textAlley, SJ ORCiD: 0000-0001-9666-5071; Hayman, MJ ORCiD: 0000-0003-1469-3496© 2019 Australian College of Midwives Background: Exercise during pregnancy is associated with a variety of health benefits for both mother and child. Despite these benefits, few Australian pregnant women are sufficiently active to meet current exercise during pregnancy guidelines. Healthcare practitioners can play an instrumental role in encouraging women to be active during their pregnancy through the provision of clear and accurate exercise advice. However, little is known about the exercise advice that pregnant women receive from Healthcare practitioners. Methods: Regionally-based Australian women were asked to self-report the exercise advice they received from their Healthcare practitioners during their pregnancy via a survey during one of their clinic visits. Results: Of the 131 participants, 53% (n = 70) reported receiving some form of exercise advice from their Healthcare practitioner. Specifically, frequency of exercise was discussed among 34% of the participants (n = 23) while exercise intensity 57% was discussed among 57% of the participants (n = 38). Exercise duration was discussed among 39% of participants (n = 26) and types of exercise was discussed among 84% of the participants (n = 56). In most instances, participants report receiving advice not in accordance with current exercise during pregnancy guidelines. Conclusions: Healthcare practitioners may not be actively providing advice to pregnant women about their exercise behaviours. Of the advice that is provided, it may not in accordance with current evidence-based exercise during pregnancy guidelines. Whilst healthcare practitioners may be uniquely positioned to provide exercise advice to pregnant women, they may not have the necessary knowledge, training or support to provide specific exercise advice
The role of nurses and midwives in the provision of abortion care: A scoping review
No full textMainey, LJ ORCiD: 0000-0003-1438-8061; O'Mullan, CM ORCiD: 0000-0003-2882-3087; Reid-Searl, KA ORCiD: 0000-0001-5808-9296; Taylor, AM ORCiD: 0000-0002-4646-9248AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: We undertook a systematic scoping review of literature on nursing or midwifery abortion care to define the role and scope of the nurse and midwife within the global context of abortion. BACKGROUND: An estimated 56 million women seek abortions each year; nurses and midwives are commonly involved in their care (Singh, Remez, Sedgh, Kwok, & Onda, 2018). As new models of abortion care emerge, there is a pressing need to develop a baseline understanding of the role and scope of nurses and midwives who care for women seeking abortions. DESIGN: The review design was Arksey and O'Malley's five-stage methodological framework. The review follows the PRISMA-ScR checklist. METHODS: MEDLINE, CINAHL, Scopus and Science Direct were used to identify original research, commentaries and reports, published between 2008-2019, from which we selected 74 publications reporting on the nursing or midwifery role in abortion care. RESULTS: Nurses and midwives provide abortion care in a variety of practice. Three themes emerged from the literature: the regulated role; providing psychosocial care and; the expanding scope of practice. CONCLUSIONS: The literature on nursing and midwifery practice in abortion care is broad. Abortion-related practices are potentially over-regulated. Appropriately trained nurses and midwives can provide abortions as safely as physicians. The preparation of nurses and midwives to provide abortion care requires further research. Also, healthcare organisations should explore person-centred models of abortion care. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: Abortion care is a common procedure performed across many healthcare settings. Nurses and midwives provide technical and psychosocial care to women who seek abortions. Governments and regulatory bodies could safely extend their scope of practice to increase women's access to safe abortions. Introduction of education programs, as well as embedding practice in person-centred models of care, may improve outcomes for women seeking abortions
Electronic device use in bed reduces sleep duration and quality in adults
No full textBrowne, M ORCiD: 0000-0002-2668-6229; Lastella, AM ORCiD: 0000-0003-1793-3811; Rigney, GA ORCiD: 0000-0002-3293-7450; Sargent, C ORCiD: 0000-0001-5340-4701The purpose of this study was to explore the impact that portable electronic device use in bed after lights out has on sleep/wake behaviour within an adult population. Specifically, this study aimed to (1) identify patterns of use of electronic devices in bed; (2) examine the relationship between electronic device use in bed and sleep/wake behaviour; and (3) examine the impact of demographic variables on electronic device use in bed. Using a cross-sectional design, telephone interviews were conducted with 1,225 participants (52% female). Survey questions asked about participant demographic variables, their sleep/wake history, and their pre-sleep behaviours, which included electronic device usage. Forty-two percent of participants reported using electronic devices in bed after lights out, and 27% of adults who reported ‘always’ using electronic devices in bed were spending over an hour per night using them. Sleep characteristics were significantly different in device users compared to non-device users (p < 0.001). Frequency of device use was associated with later sleep times, and duration of device use was associated with shorter sleep duration and decreased sleep quality. Older adults were less likely to use devices in bed after lights out, and had less duration of usage. Electronic device use in bed was found to reduce sleep duration and sleep quality in adults. To further our understanding of the impact device use in bed has on adult sleep behaviour, future studies should consider employing objective measurements of both sleep behaviour and device usage. © 2020, Japanese Society of Sleep Research
A cross-sectional study of domestic violence instruction in nursing and midwifery programs: Out of step with community and student expectations
No full textBackground: Domestic violence is a global health concern. Nurses and midwives must respond to those who experience domestic violence, although many are not prepared to do this. The World Health Organization recommend that domestic violence content be included in all pre-registration training as a matter of urgency
Non-uniformity of porous band in steel-concrete interface and its influence on formation of corrosion products
No full textSteel-concrete interface microstructure plays an important role in the process of corrosion and concrete cover cracking. In this paper, porous band in the steel-concrete interface is quantitatively investigated using Backscattered electron (BSE) imaging. Corrosion of steel is induced by using impressed current, and then corrosion products at the porous band are quantitatively measured using BSE imaging. The results show that both porous band and corrosion products are non-uniformly distributed around steel bar surface. The non-uniform distribution of corrosion products is in line with that of porous band, suggesting that the non-uniformity of corrosion products layer is due to the porous band in the steel-concrete interface. The results also show that the thickness of corrosion products layer at the interface is also significantly affected by that of porous band. © 2020, Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd
The impact of contextual factors on game demands in starting, semiprofessional, male basketball players
No full textFox, J ORCiD: 0000-0001-8367-5297; Sargent, C ORCiD: 0000-0001-5340-4701; Scanlan, AT ORCiD: 0000-0002-0750-8697; Stanton, R ORCiD: 0000-0002-6684-5087PURPOSE: To quantify and compare external and internal game workloads according to contextual factors (game outcome, game location, and score-line). METHODS: Starting semiprofessional, male basketball players were monitored during 19 games. External (PlayerLoad™ and inertial movement analysis variables) and internal (summated-heart-rate-zones and rating of perceived exertion [RPE]) workload variables were collected for all games. Linear mixed-effect models and effect sizes were used to compare workload variables based on each of the contextual variables assessed. RESULTS: The number of jumps, absolute and relative (in min-1) high-intensity accelerations and decelerations, and relative changes-of-direction were higher during losses, whereas session RPE was higher during wins. PlayerLoad™ the number of absolute and relative jumps, high-intensity accelerations, absolute and relative total decelerations, total changes-of-direction, summated-heart-rate-zones, session RPE, and RPE were higher during away games, whereas the number of relative high-intensity jumps was higher during home games. PlayerLoad™, the number of high-intensity accelerations, total accelerations, absolute and relative decelerations, absolute and relative changes-of-direction, summated-heart-rate-zones, sRPE, and RPE were higher during balanced games, whereas the relative number of total and high-intensity jumps were higher during unbalanced games. CONCLUSIONS: Due to increased intensity, starting players may need additional recovery following losses. Given the increased external and internal workload volumes encountered during away games and balanced games, practitioners should closely monitor playing times during games. Monitoring playing times may help identify when players require additional recovery or reduced training volumes to avoid maladaptive responses across the in-season
Cross-border cooperation for bilateral trade, travel and tourism: A challenge for India and Pakistan
No full textMedhekar, A ORCiD: 0000-0002-6791-4056Cross-Border Cooperation (CBC) is described as collaboration with neighbouring countries sharing land or sea borders to cooperate to reduce poverty, inequality among people and improve living standards for sustainable development of the regions. European Union key objective has been CBC model where bordering countries in balanced partnership, have equal say in program decision making process for sustainable development to meet common goals. The three factors essential for CBC clearly defined goals, promotion of political transparency and promotion of connectivity and communication are correlated with the four levels of CBC implementation and public-private-partnerships. The aim of this chapter is to examine the challenge and significance of cross border cooperative relationship between India and Pakistan, in order to disarm against each other, and have peace, for achieving 17-sustainable development goals, in bordering conflict regions between the two countries for socio-economic progress and prosperity of the millions of people living in South Asia
Engaging village health workers in non-communicable disease (NCD) prevention and control in Vietnam: A qualitative study
No full textRawal, LB ORCiD: 0000-0003-1106-0108The burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) continues to grow in Vietnam, and reducing the burden of NCDs is a national priority. This study explored perspective of community health workers (CHWs), known as Village Health Workers (VHWs) in Vietnam, and public health leaders towards potential of expanding VHWs’ role to deliver NCDs prevention and control services, and determined barriers and facilitators. We conducted focus group discussions (FGDs) with VHWs (n = 24) and in-depth interviews (IDIs) with public health administrators (n = 13). The findings show that VHWs in Vietnam deliver multiple public health services, including several NCDs related services. Perceived barriers include lack of policy support, shortages of trained health personnel, lack of training, imbalanced workload and inadequate remuneration. Perceived barriers include lack of policy support, shortages of trained health personnel, lack of training, imbalanced workload and inadequate remuneration. Facilitators include government commitment to NCDs prevention and control, priority on capacity building, professional recognition and provision of incentives with availability of appropriate resources. While additional quantitative studies are needed to supplement the current qualitative findings, the current results inform the policy and intervention development in engaging VHWs in the delivery of community-based NCDs prevention and control initiatives in Vietnam
Performance comparison of a MSW settlement prediction model in Tehran landfill
No full textTahmoorian, F ORCiD: 0000-0002-5158-2077© 2019 The municipal solid waste (MSW) landfills experience a large post-closure settlement over time. Waste settlement significantly impairs utilities, structures, and the other facilities constructed on top of a landfill. This study presents the settlement mechanisms and the methods of estimating MSW landfill settlements. Since the waste materials exhibit engineering properties which vary depending on many factors such as the location, time, climate, this study also presents the data related to the landfill characteristics, waste composition, waste moisture content, and other physical and chemical properties of waste. In addition, this paper discusses the findings of a settlement investigation conducted at a municipal solid waste landfill in Tehran. In this research, based on the collected field data and data obtained from the available literature, a technical management tool for MSW closed landfills has been developed using MATLAB, which aims to predict time dependent settlement under self-weight and surcharge loads in landfills considering various related parameters, leachate, gas generation, and moisture distribution, coefficients of compression, whilst it calculates different properties of wastes, and determines the landfill slope stability under various conditions. This user-friendly program captures the variation of the model parameters with time. The results of the verification process indicate that the results from the technical management tool have been in a very good agreement with the measured field settlement data, collected from Tehran landfill. Moreover, the results of sensitivity analysis of the model in regard to variation of input parameters indicate that there are two prominent characteristics, having significant impacts on the overall landfill settlement. These characteristics are the landfill height and the compressibility parameters. The outcomes of this study can improve the confidence for design and construction on MSW landfills. It may reduce the uncertainty when predicting the landfill settlement and enable to apply the landfill redevelopment techniques more effectively and efficiently. Studying the creep settlement properties under the co-effect of stress, biodegradation and temperature for predicting the total landfill settlement is recommended for future studies
Determining if simulation is effective for training in ultrasound: A narrative review
No full textQuinton, AE ORCiD: 0000-0001-6585-7468Simulation allows students to learn fundamental skills, such as trial and error, critical thinking, and cognitive and motor skills in a safe environment that closely represents reality. Presently, there are large amounts of literature surrounding simulation in the health and medical field. The aim of this paper is to review the current literature surrounding simulation in medical ultrasound to assess if simulation is effective in teaching sonography skills, and if simulation can be used as a substitute for educating sonography students. A search for literature was conducted through databases such as PubMed, MEDLINE, and CINAHL. Key search terms included ultrasonography [MeSH] and simulation training [MeSH]. Overall, 19 studies were utilised in this review. All the literature concluded that simulation positively affects the learning process of ultrasound trainees. Furthermore, simulation is proven to be a highly valuable
tool, which could replace some clinical hours and result in superior student outcomes compared with traditional teaching methods. Simulation however cannot replace traditional teaching methods entirely, and further research is needed to assess how to effectively incorporate simulation into ultrasound education