German University of Administrative Sciences
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Understanding the EU’s Self-conception Through its Financial Integration
No full textCan European integration be understood by looking at how the European Union (EU) is fi-nanced? This paper takes a three-step approach to address this question. First, the link be-tween financing and self-conception is presented as an expression of different understand-ings of integration – a more static one versus a more dynamic one. Second, the historical de-velopment and the current state of financing of the EU are outlined, noting recurring calls to link EU policies to financing methods. This is illustrated by the switch from contributions to own resources in the 1970s, which coincided with deeper market integration. In the 1980s, the introduction of own resources based on gross national income brought the financing method back closer to the original contributions. The 2020 Own Resources Decision intro-duced a change of financing, with the issuance of earmarked bonds and own resources based on plastic waste. Third, the paper discusses possible legal limits to these develop-ments, focusing on Article 311 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU), which allows for a broad interpretation in principle. Introducing new own resources, including borrowing and taxation, however, requires the approval of all Member States.
Additionally, the German Federal Constitutional Court (FCC) has set limits regarding the inter-pretation of Art. 311 TFEU. Historical developments in EU financing, especially the evolution of own resources, show that there is an ongoing demand for reform driven by diverging in-terests. Due to sparse ECJ case law on questions of EU financing, the role of law remains limited, with national courts such as the German Federal Constitutional Court playing a key role. The concept of integration through funding, linked to the emergence of NextGenera-tionEU, offers a new perspective on EU integration by increasing the EU’s financial influence over Member States. Unlike the concept of integration through law, however, it is not yet a fully developed theory. In light of the prevailing crises, integration through funding could emerge as a complementary approach to integration through law
Introductory Remarks: Unity and Diversity of Civil Service in Federal and Unitary/Decentralized Countries
No full textDie KI-VO im Umweltcheck - Rückenwind für eine grüne Zukunft?
No full textKünstliche Intelligenz kann den Umweltschutz beflügeln. Sie kann ihn aber auch (nicht nur wegen ihres hohen Energiebedarfs) ausbremsen. Die KI-VO eröffnet die Chance, den Motor umweltfreundlicher KI anzukurbeln und die Technologie der Zukunft stärker auf Umwelt-schutz einzuschwören. Ob und inwieweit der Unionsgesetzgeber diese Herausforderung gemeistert hat, nimmt der Beitrag unter die Lupe
Differentiated policy implementation in food safety and animal welfare policymaking
No full textAgri-food policies are in the midst of far-reaching transitions, including the transformation towards sustainable production and food consumption. The European Green Deal and Farm to Fork Strategy prioritize food safety and animal welfare issues, aiming to transform food systems towards more sustainability. Despite existing EU legislation, little is known about how EU agri-food policies are implemented across member states. Our analysis addresses this gap by examining the conditions that shape how EU requirements are implemented in 16 EU member states in two policy areas: food safety and farm animal welfare. Through our qualitative comparative analysis (QCA), we identify distinct pathways to differentiated imple-mentation in both sectors, with a shared emphasis on political engagement, green party in-fluence, and public advocacy, while also highlighting domain-specific governance dynamics. Understanding variations in the implementation of EU demands among member states is crucial to identify gaps, assess governance effectiveness, and promote harmonization within the EU
Gemeingebrauch und Sondernutzung im Straßenrecht: Dogmatische Rekonstruktion und kommunale Gestaltungsmöglichkeiten
No full textImplementation of the European directive on pig welfare: A comparative study of four member states
No full textFarm animal welfare is an important component of the transition towards sustainable food systems. The success of the recent European Citizen’s Initiative “End the Cage Age” has shown that animal welfare is also a public concern. Yet, despite the existence of European Union (EU) legislation on farm animal welfare, little is known about how member states im-plement these laws, leading to potential enforcement gaps. This raises the question of how member states customize EU animal welfare policies and what drives these variations. Our study investigates this issue by analyzing the implementation of a European pig welfare di-rective in four member states: Denmark, France, Germany, and Spain. Drawing on the con-cept of customization, we assess differences in the density and restrictiveness of national regulations compared to EU standards and explore potential drivers, such as public opinion and political party positions. Our findings reveal significant variation, with Denmark and Germany exceeding EU standards through stricter and denser regulations, while France and Spain adhere more closely to the minimum requirements. These differences align with vary-ing public and political priorities at the national level. The results highlight the critical role of national contexts in shaping the implementation of EU policies and provide insights for de-signing more effective animal welfare legislation. Our study underscores the need for a deep-er understanding of the interplay between public opinion, political dynamics, and regulatory frameworks to enhance the welfare of farmed animals across the EU
The role of China’s Overseas Industrial Parks in Promoting Chinese Enterprises Overseas Investments
Full text linkFrom academic knowledge transfer to knowledge transfer profiles: Contributions to the state-of-the-art in transfer research
Full text linkIn recent years, the understanding of academic knowledge transfer (AKT) has changed consi-derably. Starting from a narrow, rather unidirectional and technology-centered understand-ing, a broader and reciprocal understanding of transfer has come to the fore, which also con-siders exchange relationships with other social actors that are often more implicit and diffi-cult to measure. The expanded understanding of transfer is intended to capture the societal contribution of scientific institutions in a holistic manner. The aim of this article is therefore to first sharpen the concept of AKT and to locate it in the international discourse. This then forms the basis for the development of transfer profiles, considering the dimensions of transfer partners, transfer mechanisms, transfer content, and transfer localisation jointly, in order to be able to comprehensively investigate the orientation and intensity of knowledge transfer empirically on the individual and the organizational level
Jugend-Check zum Entwurf eines Gesetzes zur Anpassung des nationalen Rechts an die Reform des Gemeinsamen Europäischen Asylsystems (GEAS-Anpassungsgesetz) (Stand: 03.09.2025)
Full text linkZiel des Gesetzentwurfs ist die Anpassung des nationalen Rechts an die Vorgaben der Re-form des Gemeinsamen Europäischen Asylsystems (sog. GEAS-Reform), die am 14. Mai 2024 auf europäischer Ebene final beschlossen wurde. Hierfür sind insbesondere Änderungen des Asylgesetzes (AsylG) und des Aufenthaltsgesetzes erforderlich, die auch für minderjährige Geflüchtete gelten sollen.
Das Kompetenzzentrum Jugend-Check hat folgende mögliche Auswirkungen identifiziert:
Durch die Reform des Gemeinsamen Europäischen Asylsystems soll es künftig möglich sein, dass minderjährige Geflüchtete, die einen Asylantrag für Deutschland gestellt haben, in eng begrenzten Ausnahmefällen in sog. Asylverfahrenshaft genommen werden können (§§ 69 Abs. 1, 70 a Abs. 3-5 AsylG). Dies kann eine vorübergehende Freiheitsbeschränkung und somit einen erheblichen Eingriff in ihre individuellen Grund- und Freiheitsrechte darstellen.
Auch minderjährige Geflüchtete, die ohne Eltern oder gesetzliche Betreuer nach Deutschland kommen, sollen künftig während eines Asylverfahrens inhaftiert werden können, wenn dies für sie einen Schutz darstellt (§ 70 a Abs. 3 S. 3 Nr. 2 AsylG). Die sich in Haft befindlichen un-begleiteten minderjährigen Geflüchteten sollen zwar grundsätzlich in Einrichtungen unterge-bracht werden, die auf ihre Unterbringung ausgerichtet sind. Unklar bleibt allerdings, worin die Unterschiede einer solchen Einrichtung im Vergleich zu einer Einrichtung der Jugendhilfe liegen sollen.
Das Recht auf Bildung soll auch während der Asylverfahrenshaft gewährleistet sein, es sei denn, der Haftaufenthalt ist so kurz, dass Bildung für die jungen Inhaftierten nur von be-grenztem Wert wäre (§ 70 a Abs. 3 S 6 AsylG). Unklar ist jedoch, wie und durch wen festge-stellt werden soll, ob Bildung in einem kurzen Haftzeitraum von begrenztem Wert ist. Im
Falle einer Nichtbereitstellung von Bildungsangeboten könnten für die jungen Geflüchteten wichtige Kontakte zu Gleichaltrigen und der Austausch über die Lerninhalte wegfallen.
Wurde zuvor ein Asylantrag in einem anderen EU-Mitgliedstaat gestellt, sollen Betroffene bis zur Entscheidung über den Asylantrag in speziellen Aufnahmeeinrichtungen untergebracht
werden können (§ 47 a Abs. 1 S. 1 AsylG). Bei Fluchtgefahr kann für Minderjährige angeord-net werden, dass sie die Aufnahmeeinrichtung zwischen 22 und 06 Uhr nicht verlassen dür-fen, wobei Ausnahmen für den Besuch einer Regelschule bestehen sollen (§ 47 a Abs. 2 S. 1 Nr. 1 i.V.m. Abs. 4 Nr. 1 AsylG). Das kann dem Recht junger Menschen auf Bildung entspre-chen. Die Freizeitaktivitäten und die sozialen Teilhabemöglichkeiten ausländischer Jugend-licher können durch die Sperrstunde jedoch eingeschränkt werden