German University of Administrative Sciences
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Überblick Bundestag Jugend-Check zum Entwurf eines Gesetzes zur Regelung eines Sofortzuschlages für Kinder und einer Einmalzahlung an erwachsene Leistungsberechtigte der sozialen Mindestsicherungssysteme aus Anlass der COVID-19-Pandemie (Sofortzuschlags- und Einmalzahlungsgesetz) (Kabinettsbefassung: 16.03.2022)
Get PDFDer „Überblick Bundestag“ wird bei Jugend-Checks erstellt, bei welchen der Gesetzentwurf in der Kabinettsfassung vorliegt. Das bedeutet, dass dieser Gesetzentwurf in der vorliegenden Fassung im Bundestag diskutiert werden wird. Um einen schnellen Überblick über die Ergebnisse des Jugend-Checks zu ermöglichen, fassen wir diese im „Überblick Bundestag“ auf einer Seite zusammen. Für die umfassende Information über unsere Prüfergebnisse wird darin auf den ausführlichen Jugend-Check verwiesen
Art. 23 GFK: Öffentliche Fürsorge
No full textGFK - Genfer Flüchtlingskonvention. Kapitel IV Wohlfahrt - Art. 23 Öffentliche Fürsorg
Regulating the Spread of Global ‘Intelligentization’
No full text‘Killer Flying Robots Are Here. What Do We Do Now?’, ‘A Military Drone With A Mind Of Its Own Was Used In Combat, U.N. Says’ and ‘Possible First Use of AI-Armed Drones Triggers Alarm Bells’ – these are just some headlines to a report issued by the UN Panel of Experts on Libya. What caught the international attention was the panel’s description of the following scene in Libya’s civil war: ‘[Forces] were […] hunted down and remotely engaged by the un-manned combat aerial vehicles or the lethal autonomous weapons systems such as the STM Kargu-2 […]. The lethal autonomous weapons systems were programmed to attack targets without requiring data connectivity between the operator and the munition: in effect, a true “fire, forget and find” capability.’
However, the disruptive potential of AI is not limited to out-of-control killer drones or the military context in general – nor does it only have a negative potential. AI and its global trade promote international development and technological innovation, thereby improving lives. Therefore, the efforts to build a legal and policy framework to harness AI’s benefits and thwart its dangers is in full swing. States, the European Union, international organizations, NGOs, and scholars alike come up with ways of achieving that end. The approaches to the issue are manifold. However, most focus either on instating rules on the development of AI, for instance, how to ensure AI is built ethically or on its use, ie, banning its use in lethal auto-nomous weapon systems (LAWS). Whereas all these efforts are important, a further layer of protection has not gained much traction: regulating AI’s global trade so that responsible actors can use it to benefit humankind while preventing it from ending up in the hands of irresponsible actors.
The legal instrument to achieve this end is international export control law. It aims to mitiga-te the risks to international peace and security associated with the proliferation of sensitive items to irresponsible actors while avoiding unreasonable restrictions on global trade, eco-nomic development, and technological innovation. However, the international export control law is not yet suited to fulfill its promise regarding AI. The dual use nature of AI poses signifi-cant risks to international peace and security. Nevertheless, only in limited circumstances applies international export control law to the transfer of AI applications and technology, leaving a gap in the international export control framework. Until this gap is closed, inter-national human rights due diligence might provide fallback protection to address the issue
of mitigating the risks associated with the proliferation of dual use AI
Ruhepausen: Abgrenzung von »Arbeitszeit« und »Ruhezeit« i.S.d. Richtlinie 2003/88/EG: Praxishinweis der Forschungsstelle öffentlicher Dienst
No full textBesprechung von EuGH, Urteil vom 09.09.2021, XR gegen Dopravní podnik hl. m. Prahy, akciová společnost, C-107/19, ECLI:EU:C:2021:72
Input to EU-US Trade and Technology Council for Working Group 7 - Export Controls
Get PDFTo contribute to the laudable objectives regarding Export Controls the EU – US Trade and Technology Council has set, a multi-disciplinary network of independent experts from research institutes, think tanks, and policy advisory bodies, has joined forces and drafted the following priorities for action.
A further elaboration of the actions recommended below will be performed by the members of this international network in the weeks and months to come, as Working Group 7 of the EU – US Trade and Technology Council will proceed in its work
Can parliament govern the transport transition? How the German Bundestag scrutinizes rail projects
No full textThe paper aims to elucidate to what extent the German Parliament exerts control over rail planning. Parliament has the budgetary right, but information asymmetries vis-à-vis the railway company Deutsche Bahn and the Ministry of Transport make parliamentary control difficult.
Recently, Germany has instituted a parliamentary review process that allows the Parliament to take up concerns by the public affected by rail projects. We use the principal-agent theory to model this new institution. Parliament delegates rail planning to the Deutsche Bahn, while the Federal Railway Authority serves as a budget watchdog, and parliament uses input from public participation as a deck-stacking procedure. The paper first situates the institutional innovations—the new parliamentary oversight procedure—against the former logic of rail-way planning. Second, based on the documentation of parliamentary oversight, we analyze for which demands by the affected public the Parliament uses its power to change rail projects.
The paper showed that public participation matters. The German Parliament introduced expensive changes to rail projects. In particular, demands that had been voiced in well-institutionalized public participation (that is, when municipalities, regional associations, etc., were engaged in long-term institutionalized dialogues with the Deutsche Bahn) were more likely to be addressed. An Extra budget was then allocated to, for example, noise-regulating measures.
To sum up, the German Parliament uses information gained in public participation in com-bination with its budget rights to exert control over railway planning for conflictual projects. Thus, Parliament takes a more active role in railway planning. Whether this also leads to more acceptance for rail projects, is an open question
Überblick Bundestag Jugend-Check zum Entwurf eines achtundzwanzigsten Gesetzes zur Änderung des Bundesausbildungsförderungsgesetzes (28. BAföGÄndG) (Kabinettsbefassung: 18.05.2022)
Get PDFDer „Überblick Bundestag“ wird bei Jugend-Checks erstellt, bei welchen der Gesetzentwurf in der Kabinettsfassung vorliegt. Das bedeutet, dass dieser Gesetzentwurf in der vorliegenden Fassung im Bundestag diskutiert werden wird. Um einen schnellen Überblick über die Ergebnisse des Jugend-Checks zu ermöglichen, fassen wir diese im „Überblick Bundestag“ auf einer Seite zusammen. Für die umfassende Information über unsere Prüfergebnisse wird darin auf den ausführlichen Jugend-Check verwiesen
Ruth Katharina Weber, Der Begründungsstil von Conseil constitutionnel und Bundesverfassungsgericht. Eine vergleichende Analyse der Spruchpraxis. Tübingen: Mohr, 2019
No full textConstitutional Challenges to EU Administrative Soft Law During the COVID-19 Pandemic and Some Proposed Remedies
No full textWolfgang Weiss’ contribution on “Constitutional Challenges to EU Administrative Soft Law During the Covid-19 Pandemic and Some Proposed Remedies” Studies how during the Covid-19 pandemic, as EU member states struggled to deal with the pandemic, EU officials increasingly resorted to so-called “soft law” to provide guidance to member states. He concludes that, while there are benefits to using EU soft law for crisis management and domestic implementation of EU, he raises concerns regarding their challenges for democratic legitimacy and the rule of law. He contends that these challenges should be addressed by a legislative enactment that sets forth a general framework for the adoption of EU soft law, core elements of which should be stipulations of subsidiarity vis-a-vis executive rulemaking and minimum procedural, transparency and justification requirements for the adoption of Commission soft law. Their domestic effects and reviewability should be clarified as well
Das Datennutzungsgesetz als digitalpolitischer Ordnungsrahmen für die Monetarisierung kommunaler Daten
No full textDie Datennutzung der öffentlichen Hand hat jüngst einen neuen informations- und wettbe-werbsrechtlichen Ordnungsrahmen erhalten: das Datennutzungsgesetz (DNG). Es ist von dem regulatorischen Anliegen beseelt, die Entwicklung innovativer Produkte und Dienst-leistungen der digitalen Wirtschaft mithilfe staatlicher Daten zu fördern. Eng an die sekundär-rechtlichen Vorgaben der PSI-OD-RL angelehnt, versucht das DNG zwei widerstrebende Grundinteressen auszutarieren: einerseits das Anliegen, den staatlichen Datenschatz zu möglichst günstigen und nicht-diskriminierenden Bedingungen zu nutzen; andererseits das Bedürfnis, die Wahrnehmung öffentlicher Aufgaben hinreichend zu finanzieren. Vor allem kommunale Akteure treibt nun die Sorge um, ihren Datenbestand in Zeiten „klammer Stadtkassen“ nicht mehr monetarisieren zu dürfen. Der Beitrag ergründet, inwieweit ihre Befürchtungen berechtigt sind