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    Use of microbial pigments as colorants in foods

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    Günümüzde tüketicilerin sentetik gıda boyaları ile ilgili olumsuz düşüncelerinin yaygınlaşması doğal kaynaklardan elde edilen renklendiricilere olan talebi artırmıştır. Doğal kaynaklı renklendiriciler bitki, hayvan ve mikroorganizmalardan elde edilmektedir ve biyorenklendirici olarak ifade edilmektedir. Bunlardan mikroorganizmalardan elde edilen pigmentler, sağlık üzerine yararlı etkileri ve üretimdeki çeşitli avantajları sebebiyle tercih edilmektedir. Çeşitli mikroorganizmalar (Monascus, Flavobacterium, Bacillus, Paracoccus, Streptomyces, Penicillium, Rhodotarula, Brevibacterium vb. mikroorganizmaların çeşitli türleri) pigment üretme yeteneğine sahiptir; β-karoten, arpink red, riboflavin, monascus pigmenti, prodigiosin ve likopen başlıca üretilen pigmentlerdir. Mikrobiyal pigmentlerin, kolay ekstrakte edilebilmeleri, üretim maliyetlerinin düşük olması, hammadde sorunu olmaması, çevre dostu olmaları gibi çeşitli avantajları mevcuttur. Bununla birlikte bazı mikrobiyal pigmentlerin suda çözünmemesi, farklı pH koşulları altında renk değişiklikleri göstermeleri, tat değişikliğine yol açmaları, daha sınırlı renk yelpazelerinin olması gibi dezavantajları da vardır. Bu derleme mikroorganizmaların gıdalarda kullanılan renk pigmentleri ile ilgili temel bilgileri sunmaktadır.Today, the widespread negative opinions of consumers about synthetic food colorings have increased the demand for colorants derived from natural sources. Naturally derived colorants are obtained from plants, animals, and microorganisms and are referred to as biorecolorants. Among these, pigments obtained from microorganisms are preferred because of their beneficial effects on health and various advantages in production. Various microorganisms (Monascus, Flavobacterium, Bacillus, Paracoccus, Streptomyces, Penicillium, Rhodotarula, Brevibacterium, etc.) are capable of producing pigments; β-carotene, arpink red, riboflavin, monascus pigment, prodigiosin, and lycopene are the main pigments produced. Microbial pigments have various advantages such as easy extraction, low production costs, no raw material problems and environmental friendliness. However, some microbial pigments also have disadvantages, such as being insoluble in water, showing color changes under different pH conditions, causing taste changes, and having a more limited color range. This review provides basic information about the color pigments of microorganisms used in foods

    Identifying the factors affecting individual resistance against organizational change

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    This study aims to determine the factors affecting individual resistance. Literature review shows that job insecurity, emotional distress, and identity division are potential variables that will affect individual resistance. As a result of the factor and reliability analysis, the emotional distress scale consisted of 3 sub-factors: excitement, anxiety, and enthusiasm. Individual resistance, job insecurity, and identity fragmentation scales emerged as the only factors. As a result of simple and multiple regression analyses, it is seen that all independent variables significantly affect individual resistance. Job Insecurity has a significant and positive effect on individual resistance. It is seen that anxiety has a significant and negative effect on individual resistance, and enthusiasm has a significant and positive effect. The identity division has a significant and positive effect on individual resistance. Anxiety and enthusiasm variables, which are the sub-dimensions of emotional distress, are the variables that most affect individual resistance. In order to encounter less resistance and problems in the change process, employees need to be trained and prepared for a change in advance. Organizational change can only be achieved with the participation and support of employees. The study concludes with recommendations for managers at the strategy, operations, and human resources management levels

    Design and characterization of dexamethasone loaded microsponges for the management of ulcerative colitis

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    Ulcerative colitis is an inflammatory condition with ulcerations throughout the colon. The existing remedies have some limitations such as drug inactivation, poor absorption, and adverse reactions. The present study aimed to design novel microsponge formulations to enhance remission of the dexamethasone (as a model pharmaceutical ingredient) in the colon. Microsponges were prepared by using the quasi-emulsion technique. The optimal formulation was selected by applying the design of experiments approach which used methylcellulose (MC) (0.75–2%, w/w), polyvinylalcohol (PVA)(0.5–1%, w/w), and tween 80 (TW80) (1.5–2.5%, w/w). The critical quality attributes were selected as particle size and entrapment efficiency. The particle size and encapsulation efficiency were found as 140.38 ± 9.2 µm and 77.96 ± 3.4 %. After the optimization; morphological, thermal, and physicochemical characterization studies were performed. Ultimately, the optimal formulation was investigated by using the acetic acid-induced ulcerative colitis model in rats. The physicochemical characterization studies confirmed that the formulation components were compatible with each other. The in vitro release mechanisms were fitted to First order kinetics at pH 1.2 (R2:0.9563), and Korsmeyer-Peppas kinetics at pH 4.5 (R2: 0.9877), and pH 6.8 (R2: 0.9706). The medicated microsponges exhibited remarkable recovery compared to the control group of the in vivo ulcerative colitis model (p < 0.05). It could be concluded that microsponges were evaluated as a promising alternative drug delivery system for the management of ulcerative colitis

    Türkiye’de COVID-19 pandemisinin çocuk diş hekimleri ve çocuk diş hekimliği uygulamaları üzerindeki etkisi

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    Objective: The coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has had a significant impact on pediatric dentists and the clinical practice of pediatric dentistry. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic among pediatric dentists in Turkey by evaluating protective measures, attitudes, and perception levels regarding COVID-19, clinical protocols, and professional approaches of pediatric dental practitioners. Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted on a sample of pediatric dentists in Turkey. The questionnaire consisted of 34 questions in five domains: personal data, health conditions, precautionary measures and working conditions, knowledge and self-perceived risk of infection, attitudes and perception, and COVID-19 pandemic impact on clinical practice. Results: A total of 221 pediatric dentists participated in the survey. 33.9% of the participants (n=75) perform non-emergency procedures during the pandemic. Almost half of the participants considered atraumatic restorative treatment option for teeth with dentin caries (n=120, 54.3%). Moreover, the participants reported that they would treat a traumatized tooth [a tooth with luxation (n=210, 95%)]. Conclusion: Pediatric dentists can limit their dental procedures to emergency treatments and select biological, noninvasive, or minimally invasive methods to reduce the risk of COVID-19 transmission.Amaç: Koronavirüs hastalığı-2019 (COVID-19) pandemisinin çocuk diş hekimleri ve çocuk diş hekimliği klinik uygulamaları üzerinde önemli bir etkisi olmuştur. Bu çalışmanın amacı, çocuk diş hekimlerinin COVID-19 ile ilgili aldıkları koruyucu önlemleri, tutum ve algı düzeylerini, klinik uygulamalarını ve profesyonel yaklaşımlarını değerlendirerek, Türkiye’deki çocuk diş hekimleri arasında COVID-19 pandemisinin etkisini araştırmaktır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Türkiye’deki çocuk diş hekimlerinin bir bölümüne tanımlayıcı, kesitsel bir anket gönderildi. Anket beş alanı kapsayan 34 sorudan oluşmaktadır: kişisel veriler, sağlık durumları, koruyucu önlemler ve çalışma koşulları, bilgi ve algılanan enfeksiyon riski, tutum ve algı düzeyleri ve COVID-19 pandemisinin klinik uygulamalar üzerindeki etkisi. Bulgular: Araştırmaya toplam 221 çocuk diş hekimi katıldı. Katılımcıların %33,9'u (n=75) pandemi döneminde, acil olmayan tedavileri uygulamaktadır. Katılımcıların neredeyse yarısı dentin çürüğü olan dişler için atravmatik restoratif tedavi seçeneğini tercih etmektedir (n=120, %54,3). Ayrıca, katılımcılar travmatize olmuş bir dişi [luksasyonlu bir dişi (n=210, %95)] tedavi edeceklerini bildirdi. Sonuç: Çocuk diş hekimleri, diş tedavilerini acil tedavilerle sınırlayabilir ve COVID-19 bulaşma riskini azaltmak için biyolojik, invazif olmayan veya minimal invaziv yöntemler seçebilirler

    Kulak burun boğaz hastalıkları

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    Gelişen teknoloji ve bilimin öncülüğünde tıp ve sağlık bilimlerindeki ilerleme her zaman olduğu gibi hayatımızda büyük bir önem taşımaktadır. Nitekim insanlık tarihi boyunca sağlık alanı en fazla arayış ve gelişme kaydeden konuların başında gelmektedir. Kulak burun boğaz hastalıkları, tıp biliminin temel sistem hastalıklarından biri olmuş ve teknoloji geliştikçe kapsadığı konuların sınırları daha da artmıştır

    Evaluation of intrafollicular syndecan 1, glypican 3, and spermidine levels in women with diminished ovarian reserve

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    We aimed to evaluate the levels of Spermidine, Syndecan 1, and Glypican 3 (GPC3) in the follicle fluid of women with diminished ovarian reserve (DOR) and to examine the relationship of these markers with the number of embryos and clinical pregnancy. A total of 27 women with DOR and 34 women with normal ovarian reserve who underwent in vitro fertilization procedure were included in this prospectively designed study. Spermidine, Syndecan 1, and GPC3 levels were studied in the follicle fluid samples taken from the women at the time of oocyte retrieval by ELISA method, and their relations with the cycle outcomes were examined. The mean age was found as 38.1 ± 7.4 years in the DOR group and 35.1 ± 5.2 years in the control group (p = 0.027). When adjusted for age and body mass index, while the median Spermidine level was significantly higher (p < 0.001), both Syndecan 1 (p < 0.001) and GPC3 (p = 0.006) were significantly lower in the DOR group compared with control group. The cut-off value of Spermidine for clinical pregnancy prediction was found as 74.08 ng/mL with 78.9% sensitivity and 57.1% specificity [OR: 5 (95% CI: 1.4-17.6); AUC: 0.621; p = 0.138], while it was 0.96 ng/mL with 84.2% sensitivity and 59.5% specificity [OR: 7.8 (95% CI: 2-31.1); AUC: 0.701; p = 0.004] for GP3 and 1.15 ng/mL with 78.9 sensitivity and 57.1% specificity [OR: 5 (95% CI: 1.4-17.6); AUC: 0.680; p = 0.009] for Syndecan 1. Intrafollicular spermidine, Syndecan 1, and GPC3 levels may have a role in ovarian aging. Further randomized controlled studies in a larger population are needed for the relationship of these markers with cycle and pregnancy outcomes

    The investigation of food labels of baby biscuits which sale on online shopping websites in the Turkey, USA and Germany

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    Günümüzde bebek ek gıdalarının ticari olarak birçok formda üretiliyor olması, annelerin bu ürünleri alırken bilinçli olarak tercih edebilmelerini zorlaştırmaktadır. Tüketici sağlığının korunması ve sağlıklı besin tercihlerinin gerçekleştirilmesi için ise paketli ürünlerde, gıda etiketi çalışmaları gerçekleştirilmektedir. Literatürde, çeşitli ülkelerde satışa sunulan kahvaltılık gevrekler, fast-food ürünleri, bebek mamaları ve asitli içecekleri inceleyen gıda etiketi araştırmaları mevcuttur. Ancak, tüketim tercihi ve gıda endüstrisindeki payı gittikçe artan bebek ek gıdalarına yönelik herhangi bir gıda etiketi çalışması bulunmamaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, ülkemizde çevrimiçi ortamda satışa sunulan bebek bisküvilerinin Almanya ve ABD’deki muadillerine göre besinsel ve gıda katkı maddesi içeriğinin değerlendirilmesidir. Bu amaçla üç ülkede 167 bebek bisküvisi belirlenmiş olup, etiket bilgisinin eksik olması (n=50), 2 yaşın altındaki bireyler için uygun olmaması (n=10), internet üzerinden satıştan kaldırılmış olması (n=18), toz formunda olması (n=5) gibi nedenlerden dolayı 83 ürün çalışmadan dışlanmıştır. Türkiye (n=24), ABD (n=17) ve Almanya (n=43)’da çevrimiçi olarak satışa sunulan 84 bebek bisküvisinin etiketi çalışmaya dahil edilmiştir. Elde edilen veriler Jamovi (2.3.21) istatistik programına aktarılmış, Shapiro Wilk, Mann Whitney U testi ve ki kare testleri uygulanarak sonuçlar değerlendirilmiştir. Türkiye, ABD ve Almanya’da satışa sunulan bebek bisküvilerindeki besinsel ögelerin ortalamastandart sapma değerleri sırasıyla enerji (41989.1, 42225.8, 42722.5), karbonhidrat (62.214.7, 71.66.1, 69.95.2), yağ (15.27.1, 11.72.7, 11.62.6), doymuş yağ (5.02.6, 4.53.5, 3.52.5), protein (6.92.3, 6.13.3, 8.82.6), şeker (15.58.4, 21.73.8, 19.86.6), tuz (0.20.3, 0.20.2, 0.30.3) ve lif (3.72.0, 2.61.6, 3.13.2) şeklindedir. ABD’de satışa sunulan ürünlerdeki karbonhidrat ve şeker miktarı ülkemizdekilere göre anlamlı olarak daha yüksektir (p0.05). Ayrıca, ülkemizdeki bebek bisküvilerinin yağ ve doymuş yağ miktarları Almanya’da satışa sunulan muadillerine göre daha yüksek, protein ve karbonhidrat miktarları ise anlamlı ölçüde daha düşük bulunmuştur (p0.05). Sonuçlar ülkemizdeki bireyler için potansiyel bir sağlık tehdidi ifade etmekte olup, ileride gerçekleştirilecek geniş kapsamlı araştırmalarla gelecek nesillere güvenli ve eşit bir gıda endüstrisi sağlanmalıdır. Bu çalışma Tübitak 2209 A proje çağrısı tarafından desteklenmektedir.Today, the fact that infant complementary foods are produced commercially in many forms makes it difficult for mothers to consciously choose these products while purchasing them. To protect consumer health and to realize healthy food preferences, food label studies are carried out for packaged products. In the literature, there are food label studies examining breakfast cereals, fast-food products, baby foods, and sodas sold in various countries. However, there is no food label study for baby complementary foods, whose consumption preference and share in the food industry are increasing. This study aims to evaluate the nutritional and food additive content of baby biscuits offered for sale online in our country, compared to their counterparts in Germany and USA. For this purpose, 167 baby biscuits were determined in three countries, 83 products were excluded from the study due to reasons such as lack of label information (n=50), not being suitable for individuals under the age of 2 (n=10), being removed from sale on the internet (n=18), being in powder form (n=5). Labels of 84 baby biscuits offered for sale online in Turkey (n=24), USA (n=17), and Germany (n=43) were included in the study. The obtained data were transferred to the Jamovi (2.3.21) statistical program, and the results were evaluated by applying Shapiro Wilk, Mann Whitney U test, and chi-square tests. The mean standard deviation values of nutritional components in baby biscuits offered for sale in Turkey, USA and Germany are energy (41989.1, 42225.8, 42722.5), carbohydrate (62.214.7, 71.66.1, 69.95.2), fat (15.27.1, 11.72.7, 11.62.6), saturated fat (5.02.6, 4.53.5, 3.52.5), protein (6.92.3, 6.13.3, 8.82.6), sugar (15.58.4, 21.73.8, 19.86.6), salt (0.20.3, 0.20.2, 0.30.3) and fiber (3.72.0, 2.61.6, 3.13.2), respectively. The amount of carbohydrates and sugar in the products offered for sale in the USA is significantly higher than those in our country (p0.05). In addition, while the fat and saturated fat amounts of baby biscuits in our country were higher than their counterparts sold in Germany, the protein and carbohydrate amounts were found to be significantly lower (p0.05). The results represent a potential health threat to individuals in our country, and a safe and equitable food industry should be provided to future generations with extensive research to be carried out in the future. This study is funded by Tubitak-2209 project call

    Factores que motivan a las enfermeras en el ejercicio de su profesión: investigación cualitativa

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    Objetivo: identificar fatores que motivam enfermeiros no exercício da profissão e fornecer recomendações para favorecer a motivação desses profissionais. Método: estudo descritivo, com abordagem qualitativa. Fazem parte da pesquisa um total de 32 narrativas de enfermeiros que atuam em serviços de saúde no Brasil. Foi utilizada a análise de conteúdo. Resultados: quatro temas foram identificados: (1) escolha da profissão de Enfermagem; (2) sentimentos com relação à profissão de Enfermagem; (3) fontes de motivação dos enfermeiros; (4) sugestões para favorecer a motivação dos enfermeiros. Conclusões: enfermeiros acreditam que o próprio ato de cuidar é uma importante fonte de motivação. Enfermeiros se sentem realizados, porém também estão desgastados devido às condições de trabalho. Reconhecimento profissional, melhores condições de trabalho e apoio institucional são alguns dos fatores que poderiam impulsionar a motivação dos enfermeiros.Objective: to identify factors that motivate nurses in the exercise of their profession and provide recommendations to support the motivation of these professionals. Method: a descriptive study with a qualitative approach. A total of 32 narratives of nurses who work in health services in Brazil are part of the study. Content analysis was used. Results: four themes were identified: (1) choosing the nursing profession; (2) feelings about the nursing profession; (3) nurses’ sources of motivation; (4) suggestions to support nurses’ motivation. Conclusions: nurses believe that caring itself is an important source of motivation. Nurses feel fulfilled, but they are also worn out due to working conditions. Professional recognition, better working conditions, and institutional support are some of the factors that could boost nurses' motivation.Objetivo: identificar factores que motivan enfermeros en el ejercicio de su profesión y brindar recomendaciones para incentivar la motivación de estos profesionales. Método: estudio descriptivo con abordaje cualitativo. Un total de 32 narrativas de enfermeras que actúan en servicios de salud en Brasil forman parte de la investigación. Se utilizó el análisis de contenido. Resultados: se identificaron cuatro temas: (1) elección de profesión de enfermería; (2) sentimientos sobre la profesión de enfermería; (3) fuentes de motivación de las enfermeras; (4) sugerencias para incentivar la motivación de las enfermeras. Conclusiones: las enfermeras creen que el acto de cuidar en sí mismo es una importante fuente de motivación. Las enfermeras se sienten realizadas, pero también están desgastadas por las condiciones de trabajo. El reconocimiento profesional, las mejores condiciones de trabajo y el apoyo institucional son algunos de los factores que pueden impulsar la motivación de las enfermeras

    Türkiye'de eğitim sektöründe yapay zekâ: Fırsatlar ve zorluklar

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    The concept of artificial intelligence, which emerged with online education platforms and their applications in education, brings along platforms that offer students options such as interactive course materials by using artificial intelligence-supported learning methods. In this way, it allows not only learning but also measurement and evaluation tools to be used, and it can also provide feedback by measuring students' knowledge-skill levels. With these functions, the concept of Artificial Intelligence can determine learning management in education and offer personalized learning paths by determining student-specific learning methods. In this context, this article aims to provide information about Artificial Intelligence and Educational Applications used in Türkiye and to examine its advantages and disadvantages, especially in terms of how it affects students who have difficulty in accessing technology.Eğitimde online eğitim platformları ve bunların uygulamaları ile ortaya çıkan yapay zekâ kavramı beraberinde yapay zekâ destekli öğrenme yöntemleri kullanılmasıyla öğrencileri interaktif ders materyalleri gibi seçenekler sunan platformlar beraberinde getirmektedir. Böylelikle yalnızca öğrenme değil aynı zamanda ölçme ve değerlendirme araçlarını da kullanılmasına imkân tanıyarak öğrencilerin bilgi-beceri seviyelerini ölçerek geri bildirimde de bulunabilmektedir. Bu işlevlerle Yapay Zekâ kavramı eğitimde öğrenme yönetimini belirleyerek öğrencilere özgü öğrenme metotlarının belirlenmesiyle kişiselleştirilmiş öğrenme yolu sunabilmektedir. Bu bağlamda bu makalede Türkiye’de kullanılan Yapay Zekâ ve Eğitim Uygulamaları hakkında bir bilgi verilmesi, avantajları ve özellikle teknolojiye erişim zorluğu yaşayan öğrencileri nasıl etkilediği konusunda dezavantajları incelenmesi hedeflenmektedir

    FIGO best practice guidance in surgical consent

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    Obtaining medical consent preoperatively is one of the key steps in preparing for surgery, and is an important step in informed decision making with the patient. According to good medical practice guidelines, doctors are required to have the knowledge and skills to treat patients as well as inform them, respect their wishes, and establish trust between themselves and their patients. Valid consent includes elements of competence, disclosure, understanding, and voluntariness. Documentation of these elements is also very important. The International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) Education Communication and Advocacy Consortium (ECAC) has realized that the quality of consent varies considerably across the world and has developed simple guidelines regarding consent and procedure-specific checklists for the most common obstetric and gynecological procedures

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