İstanbul Sağlık ve Teknoloji Üniversitesi Kurumsal Akademik Arşivi
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Role of biomarkers in community-acquired pneumonia management
No full textCommunity-acquired pneumonia (CAP) poses a significant global health threat, particularly affecting vulnerable populations. Biomarkers and scoring systems play a crucial role in diagnosing, assessing severity, and guiding treatment decisions for CAP patients. Biomarkers like C reactive protein, procalcitonin, and the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio aid in diagnosis and severity assessment, while scoring systems such as CURB-65 and Pneumonia Severity Index classify patients into risk categories. Emerging biomarkers (uremia, elevated respiratory rate, hypotension, and age ≥ 65) like serum amyloid A and S100 proteins show promise in predicting disease severity and prognosis. However, further research is needed to determine their precise roles and clinical utility in CAP management
Trends and regional differences for fertility preservation procedures in women with breast cancer
No full textIntroduction : Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women of reproductive age and chemotherapy protocols impair fertility, frequently necessitating fertility preservation (FP) referral. Embryo, oocyte, or ovarian tissue cryopreservation are established FP modalities in women with breast cancer but there are few data on their uptake over time. In this study our aim was to determine the regional time trends and utility differences for fertility preservation methods of reproductive tissue cryopreservation. Methods : This multicenter study included 1,623 women diagnosed with breast cancer from seven tertiary centers in six countries (Brazil, Italy, Scotland, South Korea, Turkey, USA). Participant centers provided the details of FP cryopreservation approaches broken down annually from 2012 to 2021. Women with newly diagnosed breast cancer, aged 18-45 years who were referred for FP at participating centers and had normal ovarian function at the time were included. Results : We found a mean increase of 7% per year (p=0.002, adjusting for centers) in the number of women referred for FP. Of those who were referred (n=1623), a mean 38.7% underwent FP (n=629), with a range of 12% in South Korea) to 95% in Brazil. The number of women undergoing ovarian stimulation for FP continually increased until 2021, with oocyte cryopreservation being the most common procedure throughout the study period (p=0.014 for time trend). The proportion of random start ovarian stimulation cycles increased each year from 58.3% in 2012 to 86.8% in 2021, (p=0.005 for time trend, and p=0.04 for 2012 vs. 2021). Conclusions : The utility of FP has steadily increased for young women with breast cancer over the last decade, although regional differences significantly influence FP practices. The findings of our study could have value for policy making in FP care for young women with breast cancer at the local, regional, or global level. Micro abstract Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women of reproductive age and chemotherapy protocols impair fertility, frequently necessitating fertility preservation referral. The utility of fertility preservation has steadily increased for young women with breast cancer over the last decade, although regional differences significantly influence fertility preservation practices
A new approach to oral dosage forms: carrageenan-based vegan gummies
No full textAlthough the oral route is a common drug administration route, it still causes some patient compliance problems. Gummies are chewable gels that are commonly manufactured as dietary supplement carriers and their pharmaceutical use is still limited. Dexketoprofen trometamol is an anti-inflammatory and antipyretic drug. In the present study, dexketoprofen containing gummies were manufactured using carrageenan (Gelcarin®GP-379) as the gel-forming polymer. Potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH2PO4) was used as the gelling agent in the research. The obtained gummies were characterized. For this purpose, gel viscosity measurements, morphological and physical characterizations, thermal analysis, and in vitro drug release studies were carried out. The viscosity of the gel mixtures was measured at 50°C, which was the pouring temperature of the gels into molds. The formulation containing the highest carrageenan and KH2PO4 had the highest viscosity. The physical characterization results showed that the gummy formulations could be prepared in a reproducible manner. The DSC thermograms showed that the melting peak of DXT was not observed in the gummy formulation. The in vitro dissolution test results of the gummies showed that decreasing the carrageenan and KH2PO4 concentration in gummy formulation accelerated the drug release. The obtained gummies exhibited an extended-release of up to 2 hours
Prolonged release niosomes for ocular delivery of loteprednol: Ocular distribution assessment on dry eye disease induced rabbit model
No full textLoteprednol etabonate (LE) is a topical corticosteroid for the symptomatic management of ocular conditions, encompassing both allergic and infectious etiologies. Owing to the dynamic and static barriers of the eye, LE exhibits signifcantly low bioavailability, necessitating an increase in the frequency of drug administration. The objective of this study is to overcome the limitations by developing niosomal systems loaded with LE. Design of Experiments (DoE) approach was used for the development of optimal niosome formulation. The optimal formulation was characterized using DLS, FT-IR, and DSC analysis. In vitro and ex vivo release studies were performed to demonstrate drug release patterns. After that HET-CAM evaluation was conducted to determine safety profle. Then, in vivo studies were carried out to determine therapeutic activity of niosomes. Zeta potential (ZP), particle size, polydispersity index (PI), and encapsulation efcacy (EE) were -33.8 mV, 89.22 nm, 0.192, and 89.6%, respectively. Medicated niosomes had a broad distribution within rabbit eye tissues and was absorbed by the aqueous humor of the bovine eye for up to 6 h after treatment. Cumulative permeated drug in the bovine eye and rabbit eye were recorded 52.45% and 54.8%, respectively. No irritation or hemorrhagic situation was observed accord ing to the results of HET-CAM study. Thus, novel LE-loaded niosomal formulations could be considered as a promising treatment option for the dry-eye-disease (DED) due to enhanced bioavailability and decreased side efects.Washington University Anesthesiology and Pharmacology Research Center Lab -- 04-252
Statistical studies on occupational diseases and occupational accidences: Literature review
No full textİş kazası ve meslek hastalıkları, çalışma yaşamında önemli bir sorundur. Bu sorunların önlenmesi ve azaltılması için istatistiksel verilerden yararlanmak önemlidir. İstatistik, iş kazası ve meslek hastalıklarının sayısal olarak ifade edilmesini sağlar. Bu veriler, sorunların hangi sektörlerde, hangi mesleklerde, hangi yaş gruplarında ve hangi cinsiyetlerde daha fazla olduğunun belirlenmesine yardımcı olur. Bu bilgiler, sorunların önlenmesi ve azaltılması için alınacak önlemlerin belirlenmesinde kullanılır. Bu çalışmada meslek hastalıkları ve iş kazaları ile ilgili istatistiksel yöntemler kullanılarak yapılmış çalışmalar incelenmiştir. İstatistiksel çalışmaların performans izleme, mevcut durum hakkında yorumlar yapma ve gelecek hakkında önlem alma gibi konularda yol gösterici olduğu görülmüştür.Occupational accidents and occupational diseases are an important problem in working life. It is important to utilize statistical data to prevent and reduce these problems. Statistics provides a numerical expression of occupational accidents and occupational diseases. These data help to determine in which sectors, in which occupations, in which age groups and in which genders the problems are more common. This information is used to determine the measures to be taken to prevent and reduce the problems. In this study, studies on occupational diseases and occupational accidents using statistical methods were examined. Statistical studies have been found to be guiding in issues such as performance monitoring, making comments on the current situation and taking precautions for the future
Robert Heinrich Johannes Sobotta (1869-1945): The great author of the most widely used anatomy atlas in medical education
No full textIn 1904 Sobotta’s Atlas of Descriptive Human Anatomy was published for the first time. At that time still divided into three volumes and published by Verlag Lehmann in Munich, the atlas was completely revised in 1982 and restructured into two volumes. Although the atlas has been revised several times since it was first published almost a hundred years ago. After starting out in Berlin, Sobotta worked for twenty-one years at the Anatomical Institute in Würzburg. Here he spent most of his scientific work and created his most important works. A brief three-year stint as director of the Anatomical Institute at the University of Königsberg followed before Sobotta became director of the Anatomical Institute in Bonn in 1919, where he taught until his retirement. The study paper is intended to provide a more detailed insight into the life and work of the scientist, whose name is known to almost every physician and healthcare professional
Interpersonal relationships of the nursing team in the work environment according to nursing students: A qualitative study
No full textAim: To explore the perceptions of nursing students from Brazilian universities about the interpersonal relationship of the nursing team in the work environment. Background: Healthcare institutions are complex entities where diverse professionals from different educational backgrounds work together to provide high-quality care to the population. The effective coordination of services within these institutions is closely linked to the interpersonal relationships among these different healthcare professionals. Nurses play a crucial role as members of the multidisciplinary healthcare team, acting as fundamental links between other professionals and patients. Design: This is a descriptive study with a qualitative approach. Methods: An online, open-ended questionnaire was used. A total of 30 nursing students participated in the study. Results: Data were organized in two themes: (1) Interpersonal relationships of the nursing team and (2) Improving interpersonal relationships of the nursing team. Also, eight sub-themes were identified: Conflict dynamics within the nursing team, Hierarchical issues, Lack of communication, Impact of workplace interpersonal relationships on nursing students, Valuing the profession, Understanding role boundaries, Training in effective communication and conflict management, and Curricular reform. Conclusions: Blurred boundaries between professional roles, lack of respect, ineffective communication, hierarchical issues, and conflicts, were identified. Of particular concern was the limited interaction observed between the nursing team and multidisciplinary/support teams. Inadequate interpersonal relationships between members of the health team reflect negatively on nursing students during their clinical placements. These findings underscore the urgent need for interventions aimed at improving interpersonal relationships within nursing teams
Implementation of simple and effective fine droplet formation-based spray-assisted liquid phase microextraction for the simultaneous determination of twenty-nine endocrine disruptor compounds and pesticides in rock, soil, water, moss, and feces samples from antarctica using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
No full textThis study established the simultaneous determination of the selected endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs) and pesticides in rock, soil, water, moss, and feces samples collected from the Antarctic region. The spray-assisted droplet formation-based liquid phase microextraction (SADF-LPME) coupled to GC–MS system was developed and validated for the screening and monitoring of 29 selected EDCs and pesticides. Binary solvent system, 1:1 (v/v) dichlormethane: 1,2-dichloroethane mixture was employed as an extraction solvent and sprayed onto sample or standard solutions using a straightforward and practical spray apparatus. The factors afecting the extraction process such as extraction solvent type and ratio, extraction solvent volume (spray repetition), vortexing period, and sample pH were properly optimized. Analytical fgures of the merit of the method were recorded under the optimal extraction/chromatographic conditions. The LOD, LOQ, and enhancement factor were in the range of 1.0 to 6.6 ng/g, 3.2 to 22.1 ng/g, and 3.7 to 158.9, respectively. The method demonstrated a good linear working range for all the selected analytes with proper coefcients of determination. The usability and reliability of the microextraction strategy was confrmed using seawater, moss, and soil samples, and the %recoveries were within an acceptable range (>70%) for all examined samples. The environmental samples collected from the Horseshoe and Faure Islands of the Antarctica region were analyzed to assess the potential pollution of EDCs and pesticides. This method has the potential to be employed for the analysis of EDCs in routine analytical laboratories and for controlling and screening the organic pollutant content of diferent environmental samples.Scientifc and Technological Research Council of Türkiye (TÜBİTAK
Anatomical variations of the zygomaticofacial foramen and its related canal through the zygomatico-orbital and zygomaticotemporal foramina in dry human skulls
No full textPurpose: The aim of this study is to reveal the location of the zygomaticofacial foramina, the variations of their numbers, and their connections between the zygomatico-orbital and zygomaticotemporal foramina. Methods: Ethics committee approval of our study was received by the Istanbul Medical Faculty Clinical Research Ethics Committee (date:30.07.2021, number:358356). 171 zygomatic bones of unknown gender from the Department of Anatomy, Istanbul University, were included in this study. The number of zygomaticofacial foramina and their connections with the zygomatico-orbital foramen and the zygomaticotemporal foramina were examined. Also, the morphometric distances between the zygomaticofacial foramen were calculated. Evaluation of the data was done with SPPS v.21. Results: The number of zygomaticofacial foramina was found as 299. It was found single, double, three, four, five and six foramina, in 52 (30.4%), 52 (30.4%), 24 (14.03%), 10 (5.85%), 5 (2.93%), 1 (0.58%) zygomatic bone, respectively. Zygomaticofacial foramen was absent in 27 (15.8%) bones. Of these 299 foramina, 129 were found to be connected with zygomatico-orbital foramen and 23 with zygomaticotemporal foramen. It was noted that 147 zygomaticofacial foramina had no connection with any foramina. The distances between the zygomaticofacial foramen and the frontozygomatic suture, temporal process, maxillary process, the lowest point of the zygomatic bone, and orbital rim were found as 25.30 ± 2.81mm, 18.74 ± 3.56mm, 21.56 ± 4.16mm, 18.72 ± 2.57mm, 6.67 ± 3.27mm, respectively. Conclusion: Consequently, the location and variations of ZFF are of great importance for maxillofacial surgery and regional block anesthesia. Knowing its location and variations will help prevent complications during any surgical intervention in this region
Evaluation of food safety knowledge, attitudes, and practices of kitchen staff in soup kitchens: The case of Red Crescent
No full textAşevleri toplumdaki sosyoekonomik seviyesi düşük bireylere karşılıksız olarak beslenme hizmetinin sağlandığı kurumlardır. Aşevlerinden toplu beslenme hizmeti alan grupların sağlıklı ve güvenilir gıdaya ulaşması için ise aşevi mutfaklarında gıda hijyeninin sağlanması ön koşuldur. Bu tez çalışmasında, Ocak-Mayıs 2024 tarihleri arasında Türkiye genelinde Türk Kızılay’ına bağlı aşevlerinde çalışan mutfak personelinin bilgi, tutum ve davranışlarının gıda güvenliği açısından değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırma kapsamında Türk Kızılay’ı aşevlerinde çalışan 100 mutfak personeli ile görüşülüp gıda güvenliğini ölçmeye ilişkin hazırlanan veri toplama formu doldurulmuştur. Araştırma sonucu elde edilen veriler SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) 29.0 paket programı ile analiz edilmiştir. Bu sonuçlara göre yüksek eğitim seviyesine sahip bireyler, aşçılar ve genç personelin gıdaya ilişkin farkındalık seviyesinin yüksek olduğu, gıda güvenliği uygulamalarına daha fazla dikkat ettikleri ve bilinçli davrandıkları saptanmıştır. Toplum sağlığının korunması için aşevlerinde çalışan özellikle 50 yaş üstü personele gıda hijyeni ve güvenliğine ilişkin eğitim verilmesi gerekmektedir.Soup kitchens provide free nutritional services to individuals with low socioeconomic status. Ensuring food hygiene in soup kitchens is a prerequisite for the groups receiving mass nutrition services from these kitchens to access healthy and safe food. This thesis study evaluated the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of kitchen staff working in soup kitchens affiliated with the Turkish Red Crescent across Türkiye regarding food safety between January and May 2024. Within the scope of the research, a data collection form prepared to measure food safety was filled out by 100 kitchen staff working in Turkish Red Crescent soup kitchens. The data obtained from the research were analyzed using the SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) 29.0 software package. According to the results, individuals with a high level of education, chefs, and young staff were found to have a high level of awareness regarding food, paying more attention to food safety practices and behaving more consciously. To protect public health, it is necessary to provide training on food hygiene and safety to staff, especially those over the age of 50, working in soup kitchens