İstanbul Sağlık ve Teknoloji Üniversitesi Kurumsal Akademik Arşivi
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The effect of rapamycin treatment on mouse ovarian follicle development in dehydroepiandrosterone-induced polycystic ovary syndrome mouse model
No full textPolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex reproductive and endocrine disorder affecting 5–10% of women of reproductive age, but the pathophysiology of PCOS still remains unknown. Here, the aim of our study was to analyze the effects of rapamycin treatment that may regulate impaired hormonal levels and folliculogenesis in dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA)-treated PCOS mouse. We hypothesized that rapamycin may ameliorate the negative effects of PCOS in DHEA-induced PCOS mouse model. The target of rapamycin (TOR) gene product is a serine/threonine kinase that has been implicated in the control of cell growth, proliferation and autophagy, and rapamycin is a potent inhibitor of mTORC1 pathway. In this study, for the first time, mTORC1 and activation products are presented at protein and mRNA levels after rapamycin treatment in DHEA-induced PCOS mouse ovary. We showed that rapamycin treatment may regulate follicular development, hormonal levels and provide ovulation in DHEA-induced PCOS mouse. Additionally, we assessed decreased primordial follicle reserve, increased number of primary and secondary follicles, corpus luteum structure forms again after 10 days of rapamycin treatment. This study presented here suggests rapamycin treatment regulates hormonal phenotype and folliculogenesis in the ovary and also mTOR signalling pathway in granulosa cells of DHEA-induced PCOS mouse ovary which may have potential to attenuate understanding the mechanism of dominant follicle selection and anovulatory infertility
The impact of transformational leadership and digital literacy on innovation capability: Mediating role of organizational culture for innovation
No full textThe purpose of this research is to investigate the effects of transformational leadership &digital literacy of leaders on innovation capacity of organization while considering mediating effect of organizational culture for innovation. The data were collected from thesample of manufacturing SME’s leaders and employees using a structural equation modeling (SEM) technique. The study finds that transformational leadership &digital literacy positively influence the innovation capability. Nevertheless, organizational culture for innovation was determined to mediate this relationship and to enhance diverseeffects of transformational leadership &digital literacy on innovationoutcomes. These observations focusthe need for refiningorganizational culture that supports creativity and innovation, andenhancing leadership skills and digital literacy of leaders for organizationalinnovation. This study adds to existing literature on leadership, digital literacy, organizational culture &innovation capability, providing guidance for managers and policymakers about the research issues so as toenhance innovation efforts within their organizationstoward desired succes
Yapay zekâ etiği: Sınırlar ve sorumluluklar
No full textAmaç Yapay zekâ (YZ) teknolojilerinin hızlı gelişimi hem fırsatlar hem de karmaşık etik sorunlar doğurmaktadır. YZ sistemlerinin karar verme süreçlerinde özerkliğin artması, gizlilik ihlalleri, önyargı, şeffaflık eksiklikleri ve hesap verebilirlik gibi etik endişeleri gündeme getirmektedir. Bu bağlamda, yapay zekâ uygulamalarının toplumsal etkileri ve bireyler üzerindeki sonuçları, belirli sınırların ve sorumlulukların tanımlanmasını zorunlu kılmaktadır. Etik ilkeler çerçevesinde, YZ teknolojilerinin geliştirilmesi ve kullanılması, adil, şeffaf ve sorumlu bir şekilde yönlendirilmelidir. Bu poster, yapay zekâ etiğinin çeşitli yönlerine dikkat çekerek, teknoloji ve etik arasındaki sınırları ve sorumlulukları düşündürmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Yöntem Bu çalışmada, yapay zekâ etiği üzerine literatür taranmış ve çeşitli kaynaklardan elde edilen etik ihlallerinin analizi yapılmıştır. İlk aşamada, yapay zekâ ile ilgili etik sorunları belirlemek için akademik yayınlar, kılavuzlar, internet kaynakları incelenmiş ve akademisyen/öğrencilerle kısa görüşmeler yapılarak veriler toplanmıştır. İkinci aşamada, bu sorunlar çeşitli başlıklar altında kategorize edilmiş ve kısa açıklamaları hazırlanmıştır. Değerlendirme Yapay zekâ, teknoloji geliştirme ve uygulama süreçlerinde merkezi bir rol oynamalıdır. Etik sınırlar ve sorumluluklar, yapay zekâ sistemlerinin güvenli, adil ve şeffaf bir şekilde kullanılmasını sağlamak için kritik öneme sahiptir. Mevcut sorunlar ve ihlaller, teknolojik gelişmelerin toplumsal etkilerini dikkatle yönetme gerekliliğini ortaya koymaktadır. Etik kuralların ve denetim mekanizmalarının güçlendirilmesi, yapay zekâ teknolojilerinin potansiyel yararlarını en üst düzeye çıkarmak ve olası zararları minimize etmek için gereklidir. Bu bağlamda, sürekli eğitim, politika geliştirme ve uluslararası iş birlikleri, etik standartların uygulanması ve geliştirilmesinde önemli bir rol oynamaktadır. Yapay zekâ sistemlerinin tasarımında ve kullanımında etik ilkelerin benimsenmesi hem bireylerin hem de toplulukların güvenliğini ve refahını sağlamaya yönelik önemli bir adımdır. Sonuç Yapay zekâ teknolojileri, geniş bir etik sorun yelpazesini gündeme getirmektedir. Gizlilik ihlalleri ve algoritmik önyargılar, kullanıcıların kişisel verilerinin izinsiz paylaşılmasından ve önyargılı sonuçlardan kaynaklanan önemli endişelerdir. Ayrıca, dezenformasyon ve manipülasyon gibi sorunlar, toplumsal güveni zedeleyebilir ve bilgi güvenliğini tehlikeye atabilir. İşsizlik, dijital eşitsizlik ve eğitimde adaletsizlik gibi sosyal etkiler, yapay zekâ sistemlerinin toplumsal yapıyı nasıl değiştirdiğine dair endişeleri artırmaktadır. Güvenlik riskleri, veri ihlalleri ve etik dışı kullanım gibi konular ise, teknolojinin kötüye kullanım potansiyelini ve bunun getirdiği tehlikeleri gözler önüne sermektedir
MelanoTech: Development of a mobile application infrastructure for melanoma cancer diagnosis based on artificial intelligence technologies
No full textThis preliminary work introduces MelanoTech, a mHealth application designed and implemented to offer a user-friendly and intuitive interface for the early diagnosis of melanoma, a kind of skin cancer with significant fatality rates [1]. The application demonstrates promising performance in segmentation and classification tasks by utilizing deep learning models with Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) for data augmentation. MelanoTech achieves a comprehensive accuracy rate of 92%, with a segmentation model accuracy rate of 93% and a lesion detection accuracy rate of 90%. Finally, incorporating data augmentation approaches based on GANs resulted in a 5% enhancement in the model’s performance. These findings highlight the capacity of MelanoTech as a dependable tool for improving the early diagnosis of melanoma and decreasing the workload of physicians in Turkish public hospitals
Evaluación de los niveles séricos de proteína del gen 8 específico de la placenta, capacidad antioxidante total, interleucina-10, interleucina-17A, interleucina-21 e interleucina-33 en mujeres turcas con diabetes mellitus gestacional
No full textPurpose: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is defined as carbohydrate intolerance that begins or is diagnosed during pregnancy. Our study aimed to establish a correlation between proin flammatory and anti-inflammatory response in order to be able to develop treatment strategies and determine early diagnosis biomarkers in the sera of cases diagnosed with GDM. Moreover, we aimed to investigate interleukin (IL), placenta-specific gene 8 protein (PLAC8) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in patients with GDM. Methods: A total of 121 patients were included in the study. These were divided into four patient groups: pregnant and diagnosed with DM (P-GDM, n = 30); pregnant and not diagnosed with DM (P-NGDM, n = 32); non-pregnant diagnosed with DM (NP-DM, n = 29) and non-pregnant and not diagnosed with DM (NPNDM, n = 30). IL-10, IL-17A, IL-21, IL-33, PLAC8 and TAC determinations from patients were evaluated by ELISA (Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay) method. Results: IL-10 and IL-33 concentrations were found to be significantly higher in P-GDM and NP DM patient groups compared to P-NGDM and NP-NDM groups (p < 0.001). The PLAC8 level in the P GDM patient group (20.38 ± 5.37) was determined to be significantly higher than in the P-NGDM patient group (3.41 ± 2.17, p < 0.001). TAC in the P-NGDM and NP-NDM groups (12.42 ± 2.31 vs. 12.96 ± 3.78, p < 0.001) was determined to be significantly higher than in the P-GDM and NP-DM groups (4.8 ± 0.52 vs. 2.21 ± 0.71, p < 0.001). Discussion: The fact that the importance of PLAC8 level and TAC in the diagnosis and follow-up of GDM in pregnancy is demonstrated for the first time in this study shows that it is unique.Objetivo La diabetes mellitus gestacional (DMG) se define como una intolerancia a los carbohidratos que comienza o se diagnostica durante el embarazo. El objetivo de nuestro estudio consistió en proporcionar una correlación entre la respuesta proinflamatoria e inflamatoria para desarrollar estrategias de tratamiento y determinar biomarcadores séricos diagnósticos tempranos en las mujeres con DMG. Además, pretendíamos investigar la interleucina (IL), la proteína del gen 8 específica de la placenta (PLAC8) y la actividad antioxidante total (AAT) de las pacientes con DMG. Métodos En el estudio se incluyó a un total de 121 pacientes. Hubo cuatro grupos: embarazadas y con diagnóstico de DMG (E-DMG, n = 30), embarazadas y sin DMG (E-NDMG, n = 32); no embarazadas con DMG (NE-DMG, n = 29) y no embarazadas y sin DMG (NE-NDMG, n = 30). Las determinaciones de IL-10, IL-17A, IL-21, IL-33, PLAC8 y la AAT de las mujeres se evaluaron mediante el método ELISA (prueba de inmunoadsorción enzimática). Resultados Se observó que las concentraciones de IL-10 e IL-33 eran significativamente superiores en los grupos de pacientes E-DMG y NE-DMG en comparación con los de E-NDMG y NE-NDMG (p < 0,001). La concentración de PLAC8 en el grupo de E-DMG (20,38 ± 5,37) era significativamente superior que en el de E-NDMG (3,41 ± 2,17) (p < 0,001). La AAT en los grupos de E-NDMG y NE-NDMG (12,42 ± 2,31 vs. 12,96 ± 3,78, p < 0,001) era significativamente mayor que en los de E-DMG y NE-DMG (4,8 ± 0,52 vs. 2,21 ± 0,71, p < 0,001). Discusión En este estudio se ha demostrado por primera vez la importancia de la concentración de PLAC8 y de la AAT en el diagnóstico y seguimiento de la DMG en el embarazo, lo que lo convierte en un trabajo sin precedentes.Bu çalışma Araştırma Fonu tarafından desteklenmiştir. Biruni Üniversitesi. Proje Numarası: Biruni-BAP-2020-01-30 ve Tübitak 1002 Proje Numarası: 123S10
Modifying the refuse chute design to prevent infection spread: Engineering analysis and optimization
No full textConsidering the presence of airborne viruses, there is a need for renovation in refuse chutes, regarded as the first step in recycling household waste in buildings. This study aimed to revise the design of existing refuse chutes in light of the challenging experiences in waste management and public health during the coronavirus pandemic. This research primarily focused on the risks posed by various types of coronaviruses, such as the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) and acute respiratory syndrome (SARS and SARS-CoV), on stainless steel surfaces, with evidence of their survival under certain conditions. Refuse chutes are manufactured from stainless steel to resist the corrosive effects of waste. In examining the existing studies, it was observed that Casanova et al. and Chowdhury et al. found that the survival time of coronaviruses on stainless steel surfaces decreases as the temperature increases. Based on these studies, mechanical revisions have been made to the sanitation system of the refuse chute, thus increasing the washing water temperature. Additionally, through mechanical improvements, an automatic solution spray entry is provided before the intake doors are opened. Furthermore, to understand airflow and clarify flow parameters related to airborne infection transmission on residential floors in buildings equipped with refuse chutes, a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis was conducted using a sample three-story refuse chute system. Based on the simulation results, a fan motor was integrated into the system to prevent pathogens from affecting users on other floors through airflow. Thus, airborne pathogens were periodically expelled into the atmosphere via a fan shortly before the intake doors were opened, supported by a PLC unit. Additionally, the intake doors were electronically interlocked, ensuring that all other intake doors remained locked while any single door was in use, thereby ensuring user safety. In a sample refuse chute, numerical calculations were performed to evaluate parameters such as the static suitability of the chute body thickness, static compliance of the chute support dimensions, chute diameter, chute thickness, fan airflow rate, ventilation duct diameter, minimum rock wool thickness for human contact safety, and the required number of spare containers. Additionally, a MATLAB code was developed to facilitate these numerical calculations, with values optimized using the Fmincon function. This allowed for the easy calculation of outputs for the new refuse chute systems and enabled the conversion of existing systems, evaluating compatibility with the new design for cost-effective upgrades. This refuse chute design aims to serve as a resource for readers in case of infection risks and contribute to the literature. The new refuse chute design supports the global circular economy (CE) model by enabling waste disinfection under pandemic conditions and ensuring cleaner source separation and collection for recycling. Due to its adaptability to different pandemic conditions including pathogens beyond coronavirus and potential new virus strains, the designed system is intended to contribute to the global health framework. In addition to the health measures described, this study calls for future research on how evolving global health conditions might impact refuse chute design
Comparison of classical and heuristic methods for solving engineering design problems
No full textThis paper presents an innovative application of the Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) algorithm to optimize engineering problems, specifically on welded beams and pressure vessels. A simulation study was conducted to evaluate the performance of the new ACO algorithm, comparing it with classical optimization techniques and other heuristic algorithms previously discussed in the literature. The algorithm was executed 20 times to obtain the most efficient results. The best performance outcome in the welded beam simulation was 1.7288, achieved after 540 iterations using 1000 ants, with a computation time of 6.27 seconds. Similarly, the best performance result in the pressure vessel simulation was 5947.1735, obtained after 735 iterations using 1000 ants and completed in 6.97 seconds. Compared to similar results reported in the literature, the new ACO algorithm demonstrated superior performance, offering an outstanding solution. Additionally, users can utilize this new ACO algorithm to quickly acquire information about welded beam design and prefabrication through simulation
The effect of anti-pressure position gel pad in procedures under general anesthesia on postoperative low back pain and walking time: A quasi-experimental study
No full textBackground: Postoperative low back pain is frequently observed in patients undergoing general anesthesia. Having LBP in the first week after surgery affects the mobilization process of the patients. Placing an anti-pressure position gel pad on the lumbar region during surgery may improve patient outcomes. Methods: The aim of this single-blind quasi-experimental study was to evaluate the effect of the anti-pressure lumbar gel pad on postoperative LBP and mobilization time at the first mobilization following surgeries performed in the supine position under general anesthesia. The study was carried out in the general surgery operation room. A total of 168 patients were included in the study. In the experimental group, after induction of general anesthesia a small size anti-pressure gel pad was placed on the lumbar region of patients with BMI ˂18.5, medium size for those with a BMI of 18.5–24.9, and a large size anti-pressure gel pad for patients with a BMI of 25–29.9. We collected sociodemographic information and measured postoperative LBP and walking time using the Numeric Pain Rating Scale and a stopwatch. Results: In the experimental group, the mean LBP severity score was 2.63 ± 1.10 on admission to the general surgery clinic after surgery (day 0), 2.58 ± 0.98 after surgery before the first mobilization, 1.43 ± 1.07 on postoperative day 1, 0.87 ± 1.05 on day 2, and 0.21 ± 0.58 on day 6. In the control group, the mean LBP severity score at these time points was 4.29 ± 1.47, 4.58 ± 1.49, 3.99 ± 1.43, 3.61 ± 1.47, and 2.92 ± 1.43, respectively. A significant difference was observed between the groups in terms of the LBP severity mean scores (F = 58.913, p ˂ 0.05) The mean walking time at the first mobilization in experimental and control groups was 12.08 ± 2.82 and 9.88 ± 2.90 min, respectively. A significant difference was observed between the groups in terms of the mean walking time (t = 4.988, p ˂ 0.001). Conclusion: The use of an anti-pressure lumbar gel pad improved postoperative LBP and the length of time spent walking at the first mobilization.Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University Scientific Research Projects Unit -- TYL-2020-336
Sustainable supply chain management and sustainable inventory management: Literature review
No full textTedarik Zinciri Yönetimi'nin (TZY) son dönemlerde sürdürülebilirliğin üç boyutuyla (ekonomik, çevresel ve sosyal) birleşimi, sürdürülebilir tedarik zinciri yönetiminin (STZY) doğuşuna sebep olmuştur. Sürdürülebilir tedarik zinciri yönetimi, çevresel zararı minimuma indirirken işletmelerdeki sosyal refahı ve Tedarik Zinciri (TZ) karlılığını maksimize etmek için zincirin tüm elemanlarının; operasyonlarının, kaynaklarının, bilgilerinin ve fonlarının yönetimi olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Sürdürülebilir Stok Yönetimi (SSY) ise, STZY'nin önemli bir etkeni olup deponun fiziki koşullarından ürünlerin teslimat sürecine kadar minimum çevresel etki ve maliyetle devamlı olarak yürütülmesidir. Bu çalışma; sürdürülebilir tedarik zinciri yönetimi, sürdürülebilir stok yönetimi ve sürdürülebilirliğin tedarik zincirlerine etkileri üzerine odaklanmaktadır. Ayrıca çalışma, sürdürülebilir tedarik zinciri yönetimi ve sürdürülebilir stok yönetiminin sürdürülebilirliğin üç boyutuyla (çevresel, sosyal, ekonomik) entegrasyonundan ve literatürde bu konudaki eksikliklerden bahsederek sürdürülebilirlik alanında çalışmalar yapmak isteyen araştırmacılara rehberlik etmeyi amaçlamaktadır.Recently, the combination of supply chain management (SCM) with the three dimensions of sustainability (economic, environmental and social) has led to the birth of sustainable supply chain management (SSCM). Sustainable supply chain management is defined as the management of all elements of the chain; operations, resources, information and funds in order to maximize social welfare and supply chain profitability in enterprises while minimizing environmental damage. Sustainable stock management (SSM), on the other hand, is an important factor of SSCM and is carried out continuously with minimal environmental impact and cost from the physical conditions of the warehouse to the delivery process of the products. This study focuses on sustainable supply chain management, sustainable inventory management and the effects of sustainability on supply chains. in addition, the study aims to guide researchers who want to conduct studies in the field of sustainability by mentioning the integration of sustainable supply chain management and sustainable inventory management with the three dimensions of sustainability (environmental, social, economic) and the shortcomings in this regard in the literature
Klebsiella pneumoniae suşlarında karbapenem direncinin genotipik ve fenotipik yöntemler ile saptanması
No full textAim: This study aimed to detect the carbapenem resistance of the Klebsiella pneumoniae strains, isolated from clinical specimens with genotypic and phenotypic methods. Material and Methods: A total of 87 Klebsiella pneumoniae strains whose carbapenem resistance was determined by disc diffusion method were included in the study. Carbapenemase was investigated using the combined disk method and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results: The evaluation of the PCR results demonstrated that OXA was detected in 60 (68.9%) samples, NDM was detected in 20 (22.9%), OXA + NDM in 5 (5.7%), and KPC was detected in 1 (1.1%) out of 87 clinical samples. Carbapenemase was not detected in one specimen with the PCR method. The results were found compatible with the combined disc test results for all isolates which were detected as only OXA, NDM, and KPC type carbapenemase positive. In 5 (5.7%) strains in which the co-existence of NDM and OXA type carbapenemases was detected by PCR, the combined disc method detected only OXA type carbapenemase. Conclusion: The combined disk method is inadequate in the presence of strains that have multiple carbapenemases, and also have OXA which is the most frequently detected carbapenemase in our hospital. EUCAST recommends verification by other methods in the presence of OXA-48. Genotypic methods can be used for confirmation testing. The detections of strains with NDM, multiple carbapenemases, and the first detection of KPC were striking in the study. Monitoring the spread of these strains in the hospital will be necessary for infection control.Bu çalışmada, klinik örneklerinden izole edilen Klebsiella pneumoniae suşlarında karbapenem direncinin genotipik ve fenotipik yöntemler ile saptanması amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Disk difüzyon yöntemi ile karbapeneme dirençli bulunan toplam 87 Klebsiella pneumoniae suşu çalışmaya dahil edilmiştir. Karbapenemaz varlığı kombine disk yöntemi ve polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu (polymerase chain reaction, PCR) ile araştırılmıştır. Bulgular: PCR sonuçları değerlendirildiğinde, 87 klinik örnekten 60 (%68,9) örnekte OXA tipi, 20 (%22,9) örnekte NDM tipi, 5 (%5,7) örnekte OXA + NDM tipi ve 1 (%1,1) örnekte ise KPC tipi karbapenemaz saptandığı görülmektedir. Bir örnekte ise PCR yöntemi ile karbapenemaz bulunamamıştır. Tek başına OXA, NDM ve KPC tipi karbapenemaz pozitifliği saptanan izolatların tamamı için sonuçların kombine disk testi ile uyumlu olduğu bulunmuştur. PCR yöntemi ile NDM ve OXA tipi karbapenemazın birlikte olduğu 5 (%5,7) örnekte ise kombine disk yönteminde sonuç OXA tipi karbapenemaz olarak bulunmuştur. Sonuç: Kombine disk yöntemi, aynı anda birden fazla karbapenemaz bulunduran suşların bulunması ve hastanemizde en sık saptanan karbapenemaz tipinin OXA olması nedeni ile yetersiz kalmaktadır. EUCAST, OXA-48 varlığında diğer yöntemlerle doğrulanmasını önermektedir. Doğrulama testi olarak genotipik yöntemler kullanılabilir. NDM tipi karbapenemazın artmakta olduğu, birden fazla karbapenemazı taşıyan suşların görülmeye başlaması ve ilk defa KPC tipi karbapenemazın bulunması dikkat çekicidir. Bu suşların hastanede yayılımının takip edilmesi enfeksiyon kontrolü açısından önemli olacaktır