İstanbul Sağlık ve Teknoloji Üniversitesi Kurumsal Akademik Arşivi
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Advancing sustainable food preservation: Ultrasound and thermosonication as novel approaches to enhance nutritional and bioactive properties of broccoli juice
No full textTo meet the challenges of sustainability and nutritional quality, innovative food processing technologies are essential. This study investigates the application of ultrasound and thermosonication- emerging non-thermal preservation techniques- to improve the functional properties of broccoli juice. Using Response Surface Meth odology (RSM) and Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS), the processes were optimised to maximize chlorophyll and ascorbic acid content. Optimal ultrasound parameters (4 min, 91.1 % amplitude) achieved 12.29 mg/100 mL chlorophyll and 79.38 mg/100 g ascorbic acid. Thermosonication (6.9 min, 66 % amplitude, 40 ◦C) gave comparable results. Both treatments significantly improved phenolic composition and mineral content, demonstrating superior preservation of bioactive compounds and reduced nutrient degradation compared to traditional methods. The results highlight the potential of ultrasound and thermosonication for sustainable food systems by improving nutritional quality and shelf life, thereby contributing to reduced food waste and environmentally friendly processing. This research provides valuable insights into the integration of non-thermal technologies in the production of functional beverages, supporting the development of circular food systems and sustainable innovation
Discovery and biological validation of a novel small-molecule inhibitor of Drp1-mediated mitochondrial fragmentation
No full textDiscovery and biological validation of a novel small-molecule inhibitor of Drp1-mediated mitochondrial fragmentation
Evaluation of enamel surface roughness and volumetric change after resin remnant removal following orthodontic bracket debonding
No full textPurpose: To evaluate surface roughness and volumetric change of enamel after using different resin remnant removal (RRR) techniques, following orthodontic bracket debonding. Materials and Methods: Metal orthodontic brackets (Mini Twin Brackets, RMO) were bonded to 60 human (central or lateral) labial mid-third surfaces, and debonded 24 h after by a single orthodontist. The remaining composites were completely removed with the fluorescence light guidance by the D-Light-Pro led curing unit (GC/detection mode). The removal procedures were performed without magnification (n = 30) or with 20× magnification/5500 K illumination by a dental microscope (OMS2000, Zumax) (n = 30). Three RRR techniques were used: 12-bladed carbide bur (Horico), red-banded diamond bur (Horico), SofLex Disc (medium/40 μm, fine/24 μm, and superfine/8 µm; 3M). Surface changes were evaluated visually through microscope photographs by enamel surface index (ESI) and volumetrically by overlapping the three-dimensional images of a laser scanner device (LAS-20, SD-Mechatronik) in the Geomagic Design X (3D Systems) software. The deemed significance was set at 0.050 for the statistical analyses. Results: A positive, strong correlation was found between visual and volumetric change scores (P 0.001). Lesser volumetric loss (P 0.001) and roughness (P = 0.009) were observed for all RRR techniques when the magnification was used. Volumetric loss (mm3) by diamond bur was significantly the highest [1.85(1–3)a], followed by SofLex Disc [1.1(1–1)c] and carbide bur [0.59(0–1)b](P 0.001). Visual surface roughness scores (Ra) were significantly higher for diamond bur [4.5(4–5)b](P 0.001), followed by carbide bur 2(1–3)a and SofLex Disc 1(1–2)a. Conclusion: Surface roughness should always be assessed together with the volumetric enamel loss for the selection of RRR technique. Red-banded diamond bur should not be used for RRR. Even though the least surface roughness can be provided by SofLex Disc system, it can provide more intact enamel surface loss than the carbide bur. Magnification was considered useful for the RRR to provide a smoother surface while better preserving the intact enamel tissue
Enhanced nearest centroid model tree classifier
No full textIn this study, frst, we improved an existing variant of the Nearest Centroid algorithm. In this new version, the predic tive power of features and within-class variances are used as weights in distance calculation. This version is called the Enhanced Nearest Centroid (ENC). Second, we proposed a new model tree algorithm for binary classifcation. It is named as the Enhanced Nearest Centroid Model Tree (ENCMT). The model tree is built using ENC at each leaf node of the decision tree. To evaluate the performance of the new model tree, we used an independent test platform and ran the algorithm on 30 binary datasets available therein. Results showed that ENCMT improves the performance of the decision tree algorithm. We also compared ENCMT with the Logistic Model Tree (LMT) algorithm and showed that it outperforms LMT as well. We also designed a bagging algorithm where ENCMT is used to build a random forest. Our comparison results show that its performance is signifcantly better than the Random Forest (RF) algorithm
Does combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema syndrome affect response to antifibrotic therapy and survival? A single-center retrospective cohort study
No full textObjective: Combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema (CPFE) is a clinicoradiological syndrome characterized by upper lobe emphysema and lower lobe fibrosis, most commonly associated with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). This study compared the clinical characteristics, functional parameters, and mortality of patients with CPFE and IPF who received antifibrotic therapy. Methods: Between October 2015 and Au gust 2022, patients with IPF treated with antifibrotics for at least 6 months were retrospectively evaluated and divided into two groups: CPFE (emphysema present) and IPF (emphysema absent). Demographic data, antifi brotic therapy, functional parameters before and after treatment (FEV1%, FVC%, DLco %), clinical outcomes (hospital admissions, mortality) were compared. Results: Of the 204 patients with IPF, 90 (44%) had CPFE. CPFE patients were more often male, had greater smoking history, higher pack-years, and more lung cancer than IPF patients (p < 0.001 for all). Post-treatment FEV1% and FVC% did not significantly differ between the groups, whereas DLco% declined significantly in both (p < 0.001 and p = 0.002). DLco% decreased more in IPF than CPFE, but the difference was not statistically significant [−3 (−11–3) vs. −0.43 (−1.1–0.2), p = 0.36]. The hospital admission rates were similar. Independent risk factors for mortality included CPFE diagnosis (HR: 1.73, 95% CI: 1.06–2.83, p = 0.029), low FVC% (HR: 0.970, 95% CI: 0.96–0.98, p < 0.001), and device use (long-term oxygen therapy [LTOT] or home non-invasive mechanical ventilation [NIMV]) (HR: 2.48, 95% CI: 1.50–4.09, p < 0.001). Mean survival was shorter in patients with emphysema than in those without em physema (5.08 vs. 5.68 years, p = 0.08). Conclusions: Despite a decline in DLco%, changes remained below the futility threshold. Clinical outcomes and mortality were comparable. CPFE diagnosis, low FVC%, and LTOT/ NIMV use independently predicted higher mortality
Decision making for optimal treatment for patients with periodontitis based on recent classification criteria
No full textObjective: The study aimed to evaluate the accuracy and agreement of clinicians with different education levels and clinical experience in periodontitis diagnosis and treatment planning. Materials and Methods: Depending on the stage, grade, and extent components of periodontitis, a consensus diagnosis and treatment plan document prepared by two experienced periodontists was used as a gold-standard. An anonymous survey including 10 periodontitis cases was given to 15 participants (5 periodontal experts (PE), 5 postgraduate periodontology students (PS), and 5 undergraduate dental students (DS)) and asked them to classify each case depending on the components of the disease and select their treatment plan from a multiple-choice questionnaire including 11 dental treatment options. The accuracy of the responses was detected by referring to the gold-standard and inter-examiner agreement levels were also assessed. Results: Except grade, no significant inter-group difference was found in the periodontitis components and this difference only existed in the PE group (p=0.012). PE group gave more accurate treatment planning responses compared to others. The agreement levels of all examiners for stage, grade, and extent were fair (κ=0.366, 0.222, and 0.287, respectively). Treatment planning showed low agreement (κ<0.31) except tooth extraction option (κ=0.554). Both diagnosis and treatment planning responses showed significant variations amongst groups. Conclusion: Although education level and experience showed superiority in terms of periodontitis diagnosis and treatment planning, the results with low accuracy indicate the need for calibration to reduce the variations and enhance the accuracy
Techno-economic and environmental analyses of the use of ammonia-diesel dual fuel in compression ignition engines
No full textIn this study, a single-cylinder diesel engine, normally running on diesel fuel, was converted to ammonia-diesel dual fuel. The effects of ammonia fuel at different energy content levels (0 %, 5 %, 10 %, 15 %, and 20 %) were investigated on thermal efficiency, CO, THC, NOx, and smoke emissions. Subsequently, GWP (Global Warming Potential) emission values and tax calculations were performed. Furthermore, economic and exergy analyses were performed using the present value method for converting the engine to ammonia-diesel dual fuel. Finally, the economic analysis was re-conducted by calculating the carbon tax based on the GWP emission value. Based on the results, the lowest GWP emission values were obtained with the addition of ammonia at 10 % energy content
Exploring nutritional supplement use by Turkish handball players: A pilot study
No full textHandball is popular with high physical, physiological, and psychological demands. In addition to high-intensity movements, handball players must have performance components such as strength, agility, and speed and a suitable aerobic form to cope with high-intensity efforts. An optimal nutrition strategy helps maintain physical and cognitive performance, supports injury prevention, return to play, training adaptations, accelerates, and optimizes recovery processes. It has been stated in the literature that handball players tend to use nutritional supplements (NS) to facilitate the achievement of their nutritional goals. Therefore, studying how handball athletes use NS can offer an important understanding of the factors influencing their success. This study investigates supplement use among Turkish handball players and assessing the factors that shape their supplementation practices.FCT – Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, I.P./ Foundation for Science and Technology, I.P., Grant/Award Number UIDB/04748/2020 Life Quality Research Center (Centro de Investigação Qualidade de Vida)
FCT – Bilim ve Teknoloji Vakfı, F.İ.P./ Bilim ve Teknoloji Vakfı, F.İ.P., Hibe/Ödül Numarası UIDB/04748/2020 Yaşam Kalitesi Araştırma Merkez
Spermatogenez
No full textSpermatogenez, testisteki seminifer tübüller içinde yer alan germ hücrelerinin, spermatogonyal kök hücre düzeyinden olgun spermatozoona kadar ilerleyen, mitotik, mayotik ve postmayotik farklılaşma basamaklarını içeren son derece organize bir süreçtir (Jan ve ark., 2017; Griswold, 2018). Bu süreç boyunca spermatogonyumlar, kendini yenileme ve farklılaşma arasında karmaşık bir denge kurarak gelişimsel kaderlerini belirlerken, primer ve sekonder spermatositler ardışık mayoz bölünmeler aracılığıyla kromozom yükünü haploid düzeye indirger. Bunu takiben, spermatidler spermiogenez olarak tanımlanan terminal maturasyon evresinde yoğun bir morfolojik ve yapısal yeniden düzenlenme geçirerek fonksiyonel spermatozoona dönüşür (Rowley ve ark., 1971; Zickler & Kleckner, 2015). Spermatogenez, yalnızca germ hücre döngüsünün içsel kinetiklerine indirgenemeyecek kadar kompleks bir biyolojik süreç olup, Sertoli hücreleri, Leydig hücreleri, peritübüler miyoid hücreler ve interstisyel mikroçevrenin bütünleşik yapısal ve parakrin katkıları ile şekillenir (Griswold, 2018; Thumfart & Mansuy, 2023). Seminifer epitelde her bir gelişim basamağının belirli bir mekânsal ve zamansal dizilim içerisinde ortaya çıkması, germ hücre maturasyonunun yüksek derecede organize bir epitel siklusuna tabi olduğunu ve bu siklusun seminifer tübüller boyunca koordineli olarak ilerleyen, ardışık gelişimsel kümeler şeklinde düzenlendiğini ortaya koymaktadır (Jan ve ark., 2017). Güncel araştırmalar, spermatogenezin sürdürülebilir başarısının; germ hücrelerine özgü transkriptomik programların dinamik düzenlenmesi, spermatogonyal kök hücre nişinin yapısal ve işlevsel bütünlüğü, Sertoli hücrelerinden salınan büyüme faktörleri ile eksozomal yüklerin koordinasyonu ve bunları şekillendiren hassas endokrin ve parakrin sinyal ağlarının etkileşimine bağımlı olduğunu göstermektedir (Fayomi & Orwig, 2018; Tian ve ark., 2024)
Enhancing home-based exercise therapy with telerehabilitation in mild adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: A randomized controlled trial
No full textBackground and Objectives: Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is a three-dimensional spinal deformity that affects postural alignment, function, and quality of life. Telere habilitation has emerged as a promising approach to enhance accessibility and conti nuity of exercise-based treatment in AIS. This study aimed to compare the effects of telerehabilitation-supported home exercise programs with standard home exercises on posture, pain, body image, and quality of life in adolescents with mild AIS. Materials and Methods: Forty adolescents aged 10–18 years with mild AIS (Cobb angle 10–25◦ , Risser 0–3) were randomly assigned to two groups: study (n = 20) and control (n = 20). Both groups performed an 8-week home-based exercise program. The study group addition ally received weekly online supervision by a physiotherapist. Outcomes included pain severity (VAS), posture (New York Posture Assessment Scale), body image (Walter Reed Visual Assessment Scale), and quality of life (SRS-22 questionnaire). Statistical analyses were performed using non-parametric tests, with a significance level of p < 0.05. Results: Twenty-nine participants completed the study (15 in the study group, 14 in the control group). Significant improvements were observed in the study group in SRS-22 total, pain, and function subscores, as well as posture scores (p < 0.05). In the control group, only the satisfaction subscore improved significantly (p < 0.05). No significant changes were detected in body image (WRVAS) in either group. Between-group comparisons showed greater overall clinical gains in the study group despite similar exercise adherence rates. Conclusions: Supervised telerehabilitation enhances the effectiveness of home-based exer cise programs in adolescents with mild AIS by improving postural alignment, reducing pain, and increasing functional capacity and quality of life. Telerehabilitation represents an accessible and efficient complementary strategy for managing AIS when in-person supervision is limited