İstanbul Sağlık ve Teknoloji Üniversitesi Kurumsal Akademik Arşivi
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The morphological and morphometric examination of the asterion in terms of surgical approaches to the posterior cranial fossa
No full textObjective: The asterion is an important cranial anatomical landmark used in surgical approaches to the posterior cranial fossa, which is one of the most complex and surgically challenging regions of human anatomy due to the density of neurovascular structures. This study aims to examine the morphological and morphometric variations of the asterion to determine its preoperative localisation and help neurosurgeons reduce possible complications by providing an understanding of the detailed anatomy of the asterion in surgical approaches applied in posterior cranial fossa pathologies. Methods: In our study, adult human dry skull specimens (44 intact, 104 hemi skulls) with unknown demographic data were analysed. The asterions were first examined morphologically and categorised into two classifications. These classifications were based on the presence of wormian bone and the distance from the Frankfurt horizontal plane (FHP). Morphometric measurements were based on anatomical landmarks in the human skull. The landmarks used in the measurements were the lambda (L), FHP, the root of the zygomatic arch (RZA), the tip of the mastoid process (TMP), Henle’s spine (HS), external occipital protuberance (EOP), basion (B), opisthion (O) and porion (P). Results: The morphological classification of the asterions was examined. Type 1 and Type 2 were determined as 13.02% and 86.98%, respectively, according to the presence of the wormian bone. In the classification, according to the distance to the FHP, Type 1 was 9.90%, Type 2 was 58.85% and Type 3 was 31.25%. In morphometric measurements, the mean distance of the asterion to L was 85.16 ± 5.64 mm and 84.41 ± 5.43 mm on the right and left sides, respectively. The mean distance of the asterion to the FHP was 13.17 ± 6.81 mm and 14.01 ± 6.96 mm on the right and left sides, respectively. The mean distance of the asterion to the RZA was 56.18 ± 3.58 mm and 56.64 ± 3.69 mm on the right and left sides, respectively. The mean distance of the asterion to the TMP was 49.42 ± 4.16 mm and 48.91 ± 4.03 mm on the right and left sides, respectively. The mean distance of the asterion to HS was 46.15 ± 3.74 mm and 46.69 ± 3.79 mm on the right and left sides, respectively. The mean distance of the asterion to the EOP was 63.19 ± 4.13 mm and 62.71 ± 4.07 mm on the right and left sides, respectively. The mean distance of the asterion to B was 73.50 ± 3.73 mm and 72.96 ± 3.51 mm on the right and left sides, respectively. The mean distance of the asterion to O was 62.46 ± 2.88 mm and 62.23 ± 2.85 mm on the right and left sides, respectively. Finally, the mean distance of the asterion to P was 49.51 ± 3.87 mm and 50.32 ± 3.94 mm on the right and left sides, respectively. Conclusion: The results obtained in our study suggest that the accurate preoperative positioning of the asterion may contribute to reducing complications that may develop in neurosurgeons’ surgical approaches to the posterior cranial fossa
Endometrial sampling in the absence of hysteroscopy: Insights from more than 1000 dilatation and curettage cases
No full textObjectives: The aim of this epidemiological study is to present the distribution of histopathological results of endometrial biopsies performed for indications in women and their relationship with symptoms. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on patients with abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) assessed by endometrial biopsy between January 2020 and July 2022. Analyzing the distribution and association of patients' demographic traits, biopsy motivations, and histopathologic findings was the main goal of the study. Results: A total of 1216 patients were included in the study, and their average age was 48.48 ± 8.79 years. AUB was found to be the most common reason for biopsy (n= 616; 50.7%). The most common diagnosis among the histologic findings (320; 26.3%) was endometrial polyp. The most common symptoms among individuals with premalignant and malignant diseases were AUB, endometrial thickening, and postmenopausal hemorrhage. Additionally, it was determined that 21 (6.3%) postmenopausal patients had inadequate material. Conclusions: The most common histologic diagnosis from the procedure was endometrial polyp. It is important to make sure that the sample taken includes the entire uterine cavity because postmenopausal women may have insufficient biopsy samples. This is especially true if a hysteroscopy with biopsy cannot be performed (for a variety of reasons). In fact, suspect endometrial cancers should be thoroughly evaluated by hysteroscopy in patients with postmenopausal bleeding, endometrial thickness, and atypical uterine bleeding
CYB5R4 gene methylation as a potential epigenetic marker for ovarian cancer
No full textBackground: Ovarian cancer (OC) is a significant health problem often diagnosed at an advanced stage due to the lack of early symptoms and effective screening methods. This study aimed to explore the role of CYB5R4 gene methylation as a potential biomarker for ovarian cancer. Methods: DNA isolation was performed in the blood samples of 387 ovarian cancer patients, 50 individuals with benign ovarian diseases, and 100 healthy controls. The CYB5R4 gene methylation status was evaluated using the Methyl-Specific Restriction Enzymes (MSREs) technique and methylation levels were compared between the groups. Results: Ovarian cancer patients exhibited the highest mean methylation percentage (9.45%) and median (6.23%), followed by healthy controls with a mean of 9.14% and a median value of 4.47%. Statistical analysis showed significant differences in methylation levels (P=.041), suggesting that CYB5R4 methylation may be associated with ovarian cancer progression. Conclusion: The CYB5R4 gene methylation may serve as a potential biomarker for ovarian cancer, particularly in distinguishing between malignant and benign conditions. Further research is needed to validate these findings and explore the clinical utility of CYB5R4 methylation in ovarian cancer management.This research was funded by Istanbul University Scientific Research Projects Coordination, grant number TYL-2021-38000, and TOA-2020-35780.
Bu araştırma İstanbul Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Koordinasyonu tarafından TYL-2021-38000 ve TOA-2020-35780 numaralı hibe ile finanse edilmiştir
Investigation of the effect of examination anxiety on nutritional habits of university students
No full textDünyada olduğu gibi ülkemizde de öğrencilerin başarı ve performanslarını ölçmek için kullanılan en yaygın yöntemlerden biri sınavdır. Öğrencilerin sınav dönemlerinde yaşadıkları yüksek sınav kaygısı; beslenme alışkanlıkları başta olmak üzere, uyku süresi ve kalitesi, fiziksel aktivite ile ruhsal durumlarını etkileyebilmektedir. Bu çalışma üniversite öğrencilerinin sınav kaygısının beslenme alışkanlıkları üzerindeki etkisini incelemek amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmanın örneklemini İstanbul Sağlık ve Teknoloji Üniversitesi’nin çeşitli fakültelerinde öğrenim gören gönüllü 180 öğrenci oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada uygulanacak anket formu yüz yüze görüşme yöntemiyle sınav öncesi ve sonrası olacak şekilde iki tekrarlı uygulanmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda elde edilen verilerin analizi SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) 22.0 programıyla yapılmıştır. Bu sonuçlara göre öğrencilerin sınav öncesi dönemdeki sınav kaygı puanları sınav sonrasına göre daha yüksek bulunmuştur. Sınav döneminin beslenme alışkanlıkların üzerinde etkili olduğunu düşünen öğrencilerin oranı sınav öncesinde %80.6 iken, sınav sonrasında %76.7’ye düştüğü bulunmuştur. Ancak bu düşüş, istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bulunmamıştır (p>0.05). Öğrencilerin çoğunluğunun 2 ana öğün 1 ara öğün tükettikleri ve öğün atladıkları saptanmıştır. Öğrencilerin sınav öncesi ve sonrası makro ve mikro besin ögesi alımları karşılaştırıldığında sınav sonrasında anlamlı bir düşüş saptanmıştır (p0.05). It was determined that the majority of students consumed two main meals and one snack daily and frequently skipped meals. A comparison of macro- and micronutrient intake before and after the exams revealed a statistically significant decrease following the exam period (p < 0.05). Additionally, the total scores obtained from the Healthy Eating Attitude Scale were found to be significantly higher after the exam period compared to before (p < 0.05). Overall, the findings indicate that exam anxiety increases students' anxiety levels and has a notable impact on their eating habits
Investigating impostor syndrome among postgraduate anatomy students
No full textBackground: Impostor syndrome (IS) is marked by persistent self-doubt and the fear of being perceived as a fraud, even in the presence of clear accomplishments, and it notably affects high-achieving individuals. This study examined IS prevalence and associated factors among postgraduate anatomy students in Türkiye. Materials and Methods: Using the Clance Impostor Phenomenon Scale, 79 participants were surveyed to assess IS levels alongside demographic and psychiatric variables. Results: The results revealed that 39.2% of participants exhibited frequent impostor feelings (FIF) or intense impostor experiences (IIE). Notably, individuals with psychiatric conditions had significantly higher IS levels, with 64.7% classified in the FIF category and 17.6% in IIE, compared to those without psychiatric issues, who predominantly fell into lower IS categories (p<0.05). No statistically significant associations were observed between IS and demographic variables, including gender, marital status, or education level. However, individuals with no income were overrepresented in the IIE category, aligning with findings from studies suggesting a link between socioeconomic status and heightened IS levels. Conclusion: This study underscores the prevalence of IS in postgraduate students within a demanding academic discipline and highlights its association with psychiatric conditions. Increasing awareness of IS, particularly in high-stress, perfectionist professions such as academia, is critical. Such efforts can improve recognition, provide targeted interventions, and mitigate IS’s impact on individual well-being and professional performance.Amaç: İmpostor sendromu (IS), belirgin başarılara rağmen sürekli kendinden şüphe duyma ve başkaları tarafından bir sahtekar olarak algılanma korkusuyla karakterizedir ve özellikle yüksek başarı gösteren bireyleri etkiler. Bu çalışma, Türkiye’deki lisansüstü anatomi öğrencileri arasında IS yaygınlığını ve ilişkili faktörleri incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Clance Sahtekar Fenomeni Ölçeği kullanılarak 79 katılımcı üzerinde bir anket uygulanmış, SS düzeyleri ile demografik ve psikiyatrik değişkenler değerlendirilmiştir. Bulgular: Sonuçlar, katılımcıların %39,2’sinin sık sahtekâr duyguları (FIF) veya yoğun sahtekâr deneyimleri (IIE) sergilediğini ortaya koydu. Özellikle psikiyatrik rahatsızlığı olan bireylerde IS düzeyleri anlamlı derecede yüksek bulundu; bu grubun %64,7’si FIF kategorisinde, %17,6’sı ise IIE kategorisinde yer aldı. Buna karşılık, psikiyatrik sorunu olmayan bireylerin büyük çoğunluğu daha düşük IS kategorilerinde sınıflandırıldı (p<0,05). IS ile cinsiyet, medeni durum veya eğitim düzeyi gibi demografik değişkenler arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir ilişki saptanmadı. Ancak, geliri olmayan bireylerin IIE kategorisinde daha yüksek oranda temsil edildiği görüldü ve bu durum, sosyoekonomik durum ile yüksek IS düzeyleri arasındaki bağlantıyı öne süren çalışmalarla tutarlılık gösterdi. Sonuç: Bu çalışma, zorlu bir akademik disiplin içinde yer alan lisansüstü öğrenciler arasında IS’nin yaygınlığını ve psikiyatrik durumlarla ilişkisini vurgulamaktadır. IS’nin farkındalığını artırmak, özellikle akademi gibi yüksek stres ve mükemmeliyetçilik gerektiren mesleklerde kritik öneme sahiptir. Bu tür farkındalık çalışmaları, IS’nin tanınmasını kolaylaştırabilir, hedefe yönelik müdahaleler sunabilir ve bireylerin iyi oluşu ile mesleki performansları üzerindeki etkisini azaltmaya yardımcı olabilir
Photocatalytic performance of ag/humic acid magnetic nanoparticles for degradation of methylene blue in aqueous medium
No full textThe contamination of water as a result of the discharge of organic dyes from industrial facilities that process pharmaceuticals, textile fabrics, leather, and petrochemicals, is a significant concern. The water quality of the aquatic environment is mostly impacted by pigments, even in small amounts less than 1 mgL−1 (Sharma et al. 2021). Methylene blue which is considered as mutagenic, toxic, and non-biodegradable, was selected as a model in this study to represent the azo dye class. The undesired effects of dye contamination can be eliminated through the sustainable and eco-friendly remediation procedure of photocatalytic degradation. The properties and efficiency of the catalytic reaction are significantly influenced by the morphology of the catalyst. Mott Schottky measurements and chronoamperometry were employed to elucidate the electronic properties of a composite silver humic acid magnetic nanoparticle (Ag/HA MNP) with a core-shell structure. The nanoparticle was subsequently employed in the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue. The indirect band gap energy was calculated as 1.82 eV by employing Ultraviolet-Visible Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy (UV-DRS). The optimal parameters established in the study were used to maintain the effective photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue in an aqueous medium. Optimization studies for photocatalytic degradation of model dye-MB showed that the optimum degradation percentage (42%) was achieved rapidly in a short time period of 30 min with 0.06 g MNP in 10 mgL−1 solution. The first-order rate constant was determined to be 4.4 × 10−2 s −1 . This study contributes to the literature by proposing Ag/HA magnetic nanoparticles which were synthesized and installed for the first time as a catalyst for the photodegradation of methylene blue in aqueous medium
BCG aşısı sonrası aksiller kitle: Lipofibromatozis tanısı alan nadir bir olgu
No full textWe present a case of a 7-month-old male infant who de veloped a progressive, painless left axillary mass 2 months after Bacil lus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination. Parents reported that the swelling has increased since the 4th month. Initial ultrasound revealed a 16×26×33 mm hyperechoic subcutaneous lesion with a central cystic area and minimal vascularity, suggesting a complicated lipoma. Due to continuous growth, the mass was surgically excised. Histopathological examination confirmed lipofibromatosis, a rare benign fibro-fatty tumor of infancy. Although axillary lymphadenitis is a common BCG com plication, persistent or atypical lesions should prompt further investi gation to rule out neoplasms. This case emphasizes the importance of considering rare soft tissue tumors like lipofibromatosis in the differ ential diagnosis of post-vaccination axillary masses.Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) aşısından 2 ay sonra sol ak siller bölgede ilerleyici, ağrısız kitle gelişen 7 aylık bir erkek bebek olgusunu sunuyoruz. Ailesi şişliğin 4.aydan itibaren arttığını bildirdi. İlk ultrasonografide, merkezî kistik alan ve minimal vaskülariteye sahip 16×26×33 mm hiperekoik subkütan lezyon görüldü ve komp like bir lipom olarak düşünüldü. Sürekli büyüme nedeniyle kitle cer rahi olarak çıkarıldı. Histopatolojik inceleme, bebeklik döneminin nadir görülen iyi huylu tümörü olan lipofibromatozisi doğruladı. Ak siller lenfadenit, yaygın bir BCG komplikasyonu olmasına rağmen per sistan veya atipik lezyonlar neoplazmları dışlamak için daha fazla araştırmayı gerektirir. Bu olgu, aşı sonrası aksiller kitlelerin ayırıcı ta nısında lipofibromatozis gibi nadir yumuşak doku tümörlerinin de göz önünde bulundurulmasının önemini vurgulamaktadır
Anatomical relationship between the profunda brachii artery and the radial nerve at the entrance and within the radial groove
No full textPurpose In this study, it was aimed to examine the relationship between the profunda brachii artery and the radial nerve at the entrance to and within the radial groove considering no comparable study was found in the literature. Method Dissection was performed in 44 upper extremities (21 right and 23 left) of 24 fixed cadavers used for medical edu cation at Istanbul University, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Department of Anatomy. Results Profunda brachii artery was found to be a single artery in 39 extremities and a double artery in 5 extremities. In 27 cases with single PBA, the nerve was located superolateral to the PBA (Type A), and in 8 cases the nerve was located infero medial to the PBA (Type B). In all 5 extremities with double profunda brachii artery, the proximal branch was superolateral (Type A) and the distal branch was inferomedial (Type B). Conclusions This research will support surgeons understanding how to better anatomically and radiologically treat humeral fractures and lateral arm flap applications
Impact of lightness differences in digitally simulated composite resin restorations on perceived smile attractiveness
No full textObjectives: To investigate the effect of lightness differences between digitally simulated composite restorations and anterior maxillary teeth, in combination with restoration type, and clinical experience on perceived smile attractiveness. Materials and Methods: An imaging software program (Adobe Photoshop CC 2023) was used to digitally manipulate a frontal full-face portrait of a smiling female model, to create five types of moderate-sized composite resin restorations of moderate size. For each restoration 14 lightness differences were simulated. The image was digitally modified to simulate five different types of composite resin restorations (Class III, Class IV, Class V, diastema closure (bilateral and unilateral approach)). Each restoration was adjusted through 7 incremental increases and 7 incremental decreases of 1 unit in lightness (L* value), yielding a total of 70 images. The smile attractiveness of each picture was rated by 80 dentists and 80 laypersons, ranged from 21 to 77years using a visual analog scale. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was employed to assess whether the mean of a sample significantly differed from the control (p<0.05). Results: Among the different restoration types, crown fracture repairs (Class IV) had the greatest negative impact, followed by proximal restorations (Class III), diastema closures (Bilateral approach), diastema closures (Unilateral approach), and, lastly, cervical restorations (Class V), which had the least impact on perceived smile attractiveness (p≤0.05). The influence of lightness differences, whether toward a darker or lighter restoration, was dependent on both the type of restoration and the observer's experience. Conclusions: The effect of lightness difference on perceived smile attractiveness was significantly influenced by both the type of composite resin restoration and the observer's experience. Dental professionals perceived lightness discrepancies as less attrac tive compared to laypersons, suggesting that experience plays a key role in the perception of esthetic outcomes. Clinical Significance: The repositioning of an esthetic direct dental restoration is highly influenced by the dentist's chromatic perception which is more sensitive than that of a layperson who evaluates its matching with the natural tooth. The findings of the present study can support evidence-based clinical decision-making
Kafeinin atletler üzerindeki epigenetik mekanizmaları
No full textIntroduction: Caffeine is one of the most widely used ergogenic aids in sports, known to enhance endurance, strength, and reaction speed. While its effects have traditionally been attributed to adenosine receptor antagonism and increased calcium release, recent studies suggest that caffeine may also influence epigenetic mechanisms that regulate gene activity without altering the genetic sequence, primarily through DNA and histone modifications. Mechanismssuch as DNA methylation (the addition of methyl groups that suppress gene transcription) and histone acetylation (relaxing chromatin structure to activate genes) play a crucial role in exercise-induced skeletal muscle adaptation.Giriş: Kafein, dayanıklılığı, kuvveti ve reaksiyon hızını artırdığı bilinen, sporda en yaygın kullanılan ergogenik desteklerden biridir. Etkileri geleneksel olarak adenozin reseptörü antagonizması ve artmış kalsiyum salınımına bağlanırken, son çalışmalar kafeinin DNA ve histon modifikasyonları yoluyla gen aktivitesini genetik diziyi değiştirmeden düzenleyen epigenetik mekanizmaları da etkileyebileceğini göstermektedir. DNA metilasyonu (gen transkripsiyonunu baskılayan metil grubu eklenmesi) ve histon asetilasyonu (kromatini gevşeterek genleri aktifleştirme) gibi mekanizmalar, egzersize bağlı kas adaptasyonunda kilit rol oynar