İstanbul Sağlık ve Teknoloji Üniversitesi Kurumsal Akademik Arşivi
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Ultrasound-assisted enhancement of bioactive compounds in hawthorn vinegar: A functional approach to anticancer and antidiabetic effects
No full textIn this study, the effects of ultrasound treatment on bioactive components and functional properties of hawthorn vinegar (Crataegus tanacetifolia) were investigated. Parameters such as total phenolic compound (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), ascorbic acid (AA), DPPH radical scavenging activity and CUPRAC reducing capacity were optimised by surface response method (RSM) and 14 min duration and 61.40 % amplitude were determined as the most suitable treatment conditions. The results showed that ultrasound treatment improved the antioxidant properties of hawthorn vinegar by increasing TPC, TFC, DPPH and CUPRAC values. In addition, it was observed that hawthorn vinegar samples exhibited anticancer effects in cell culture experiments. In experiments on A549 (lung), MCF-7 (breast) and HT-29 (colon) cancer cell lines, ultrasound-treated vinegar increased apoptotic effects, suppressed cell migration and reduced necrosis rates in some cell lines. In particular, ultrasound treatment of vinegar resulted in a reduction in the expression of anti-apoptotic genes (BCL-2 and XIAP) and an enhancement in the expression of pro-apoptotic genes (BAX). These findings suggest that ultrasound technology preserves and enhances the bioactive components of hawthorn vinegar, improves its anticancer properties and increases its potential for use as a functional food product
Ultrasound-assisted sustainable processing of garden cress juice: Enhancing bioactive compounds and bioaccessibility through xgboost optimization
No full textThis study aimed to improve the functional and nutritional properties of garden cress (Lepidium sativum) juice using ultrasound and optimize process parameters by modeling them with advanced machine learning algorithms. Using a Box−Behnken experimental design, the effects of sonication time (8−16 min) and amplitude (60−100%) on total chlorophyll, total phenolic content (TPC), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) were investigated. Nonparametric, high-accuracy estimations were made using the XGBoost algorithm. Optimum conditions were determined to be 12 min and 80% amplitude. Under these conditions, TPC (78.44 mg GAE/mL), FRAP (59.80 mg TE/mL), and chlorophyll (7.15 g/100 mL) values were significantly higher than those in control and pasteurized samples (p < 0.05). HPLC-DAD analysis showed that ultrasound treatment positively impacted the phenolic profile by increasing the release of quercetin, quercetin derivatives, caffeic acid, and chrysin. GC-MS data revealed that volatile aroma compounds (especially 1-hexanol, benzaldehyde, and cinnamaldehyde) were preserved mainly by ultrasound. In vitro digestion simulation showed that total postdigestion recovery rates in ultrasound-treated samples were 34.96% for TPC, 32.50% for chlorophyll, and 28.81% for FRAP, demonstrating a significant increase in bioaccessibility. PCA and hierarchical clustering analyses confirmed a significant biochemical separation of ultrasound-treated samples. The findings indicate that ultrasound technology is a superior method for preserving bioactive compounds, maintaining the aroma profile, and enhancing bioaccessibility compared to heat treatment. This enables data-driven process design. The developed model showed a strong predictive performance under optimal conditions. However, the study is limited by the relatively small data set used for model training
Unveiling the interplay of EBV, HSV-1, and ınflammatory biomarkers in psychiatric disorders
No full textBackground/Objectives: Schizophrenia (SCH), bipolar disorder (BPD), and major depres sive disorder (MDD) are increasingly viewed as neuroimmune disorders shaped by viral exposure and inflammation. Disorder-specific immunovirological profiles, however, re main poorly defined. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we assessed Epstein–Barr Virus (EBV) and Herpes Simplex Virus type 1 (HSV-1) seropositivity and measured serum CRP, IL-6, and IL-1β in 708 participants: 110 with SCH, 121 with BPD, 135 with MDD, and 342 healthy controls (HC). Statistical analyses included Shapiro–Wilk tests for nor mality; Kruskal–Wallis with Bonferroni-adjusted Dunn post hoc comparisons; and logistic regression adjusted for age, sex, and marital status. Results: EBV seropositivity was higher in SCH (90.9%) than in HC (78.9%) (OR = 3.46, 95% CI: 1.68–7.12; p = 0.001) but not in BPD or MDD. HSV-1 seropositivity was elevated in BPD (83.5%) versus HC (67.0%) (OR = 2.29, 95% CI: 1.34–3.92; p = 0.003), with no differences in SCH or MDD. Inflammatory biomarkers were significantly increased in SCH and MDD compared to HC (p < 0.001), while BPD showed no differences. Conclusions: The findings delineate distinct immunovi rological patterns across major psychiatric disorders. Schizophrenia was characterized by EBV seropositivity accompanied by systemic inflammatory activation, bipolar disorder by HSV-1 seropositivity in the absence of inflammatory changes, and major depressive disor der by inflammatory dysregulation independent of viral exposure. These disorder-specific profiles highlight heterogeneity in neuroimmune pathways and underscore the potential relevance of biomarker-based stratification for generating hypotheses regarding targeted antiviral or anti-inflammatory interventions in psychiatric populations.We thank the Istanbul Aydin University Scientific Research Projects Unit for economical supports (#2024/09) of our study.
Çalışmamıza sağladığı ekonomik desteklerden dolayı İstanbul Aydın Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Birimine (#2024/09) teşekkür ederiz
Artificial intelligence in predicting macular hole surgery outcomes: A focus on optical coherence tomography parameters
No full textPurpose To evaluate the predictive performance of optical coherence tomography (OCT)-based indices and artificial intelligence (AI) using a Generative Pre-Trained Transformer (GPT) model and compare them with traditional logistic regression in forecasting anatomical success following macular hole (MH) surgery. Methods This retrospective observational study included 51 eyes of 51 patients who underwent pars plana vitrectomy for idiopathic MH. Preoperative OCT measurements of macular hole index (MHI), traction hole index (THI), hole form factor (HFF), basal hole diameter (BHD), and minimum hole diameter (MHD) were recorded. GPT-based AI predictions were generated using masked input data. A logistic regression model was developed with the same variables. Predictive performance was assessed using accuracy, area under the curve (AUC), positive predictive value (POPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and Kappa statistics. Results Anatomical success was achieved in 72.5% of cases. MHI, THI, and HFF were significantly higher in the successful group (p<0.0001). GPT achieved an accuracy of 77.0% and AUC of 0.770, with perfect POPV (1.000) but low NPV (0.452). Logistic regression outperformed GPT, achieving an accuracy of 84.3%, an AUC of 0.759, a higher NPV (0.800), and better agreement (Kappa 0.568 vs. 0.392). BHD and MHD showed poor predictive power (AUC 0.291). Conclusion OCT-derived indices, especially MHI, THI, and HFF, effectively predict MH surgery outcomes. Logistic regression based on actual patient data demonstrated superior predictive performance compared to GPT. AI models hold potential but require further development, integration of multimodal data, and validation before clinical application
Motor püskürtme avansının motor performansına etkisi
No full textSıkıştırma ateşlemeli motorların orta ve büyük araçlarda güç kaynağı olarak kullanılmasının sebepleri güç çıkışlarının, güvenilirliklerinin ve termal verimliliklerinin yüksek olmasıdır (Chen ve diğ., 2023). Sıkıştırma ateşlemeli bir motorda motor performansının, yanma safhalarının ve egzoz emisyonlarının oluşumunu etkileyen önemli parametrelerden birisi de ateşleme gecikmesinin süresidir (Kumar ve diğ., 2024). Enjeksiyonun başlamasıyla yanmanın başladığı zaman aralığı ateşleme gecikmesi olarak ifade edilmektedir. Enjektör iğnesinin yuvasından kalktığı noktadaki zaman genellikle enjektör başlangıcı olarak ele alınmaktadır. Yanmanın tam olarak nerede başladığını tespit edebilmek kolay değildir. Yanmanın başlangıcını tespit edebilmek için başvurulabilecek en iyi yöntem silindir basıncı için elde edilen verileri kullanarak krank açısına göre ısı yayma hızının eğimindeki değişimi gözlemlemektir (Kumar ve diğ., 2020)
Investigation of the effect of dietary inflammatory index and ultra processed food consumption on pro-inflammatory cytokine levels in breast milk
No full textAnne sütü yaşamın ilk 6 ayında bebeğin enerji besin ihtiyacının tamamını karşılayan bebek için en ideal besindir. Anne sütü içeriğinde makro ve mikro besin ögeleri olan karbonhidratlar, proteinler, lipitler, vitaminler ve minerallere ek olarak; büyüme faktörleri, hormonlar, antimikrobiyal bileşenler, sindirim enzimleri ve sitokinler gibi pek çok biyoaktif bileşen yer almaktadır. Anne sütünde yer alan sitokinler yenidoğanlarda sağlıklı bir bağışıklık sisteminin gelişiminde, bağışıklık tepkisinin oluşumunda ve sürdürülmesinde rol oynarlar. Anne sütünde bulunan proinflamatuvar sitokinler TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12, IL-2 ve IFN-γ olup; antiinflamatuvar sitokinler TGF-β, IL-7, IL-10, IL-18, G-CSF‘dir. Annelerin beslenme alışkanlıkları ve diyet kalıpları anne sütünün bileşimini etkileyebilmektedir. Diyet İnflamatuvar İndeksi (Dİİ), diyetin inflamatuvar potansiyelini değerlendiren bir skorlama sistemidir. Bunun yanı sıra aşırı işlenmiş besinlerin tüketimi inflamatuvar belirteç salınınmının artmasıyla ilişkilendirilmektedir. Bu çalışmada diyet inflamatuvar indeksi ve aşırı işlenmiş besin tüketiminin anne sütündeki proinflamatuvar sitokin seviyelerine etkisinin ortaya konması amaçlanmıştır. Araştırma İstanbul’da çalışmanın yürütülmesine onay veren tıp merkezi ve hastanelerde Çocuk Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları Polikliniği ile Kadın Hastalıkları ve Doğum Polikliniği‘ne başvuran, emzirme döneminde olan ve çalışmaya katılmaya gönüllü 65 anne ile yürütülmüştür. Araştırmaya katılan annelerin diyet inflamatuvar indeks (Dİİ) puan ortalaması -5,10 ± 4,03 olarak bulunmuştur. Araştırmaya katılan annelerin aşırı işlenmiş besin (AİB) tüketim puanı ortalaması ise 21,12 ± 9,34 olarak saptanmıştır. Çalışmaya dahil edilen annelere ait anne sütü örneklerinde üç farklı proinflamatuvar sitokin düzeyi analiz edilmiştir. Buna göre; TNF-α konsantrasyonu ortalama 82,37 ± 50,71 pg/ml, IFN-γ konsantrasyonu ortalama 24,41 ± 20,67 pg/ml, IL-6 konsantrasyonu ise ortalama 25,33 ± 27,15 pg/ml olarak belirlenmiştir. Mevcut çalışmada uygulanan çoklu regresyon analizinden elde edilen bulgular, Diyet İnflamatuvar İndeksi (Dİİ) ve aşırı işlenmiş besin (AİB) puanlarının anne sütündeki proinflamatuvar sitokin düzeylerine (TNF-α, IL-6, IFN-γ) önemli ölçüde etki ettiği tespit edilmiştir. Modeller genel xiii olarak anlamlı bulunmuş ve bağımsız değişkenlerin TNF-α, IL-6 ve IFN-γ düzeylerindeki varyansın %21 ila %26‘sını açıkladığı görülmüştür. Özellikle AİB puanı, tüm modellerde proinflamatuvar sitokin düzeylerini pozitif ve istatistiksel olarak anlamlı biçimde yordamıştır. Dİİ puanının ise IL-6 ve IFN-γ üzerinde anlamlı etkileri bulunurken, TNF-α düzeyi üzerindeki etkisi istatistiksel sınırda kalmıştır. Elde edilen bu bulgular, aşırı işlenmiş besin tüketimi ve diyetin inflamatuvar potansiyelinin, anne sütündeki inflamatuvar yanıt ile ilişkili olabileceğini ortaya koymakta ve bu etkileşimin hem maternal beslenme hem de bebek sağlığı açısından dikkate alınması gerekliliğini vurgulamaktadır. Antiinflamatuvar özellikte ve aşırı işlenmiş besinlerden arındırılmış bir beslenme biçimine sahip olmak anne sütü içeriğini optimize etmek ve bebekler için daha iyi sağlık sonuçları elde etmek için önem taşımaktadır.Breast milk is the most ideal food for babies, meeting all of their energy and nutritional needs in the first 6 months of life. In addition to macro and micronutrient elements such as carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, vitamins and minerals, breast milk contains many bioactive components such as growth factors, hormones, antimicrobial components, digestive enzymes and cytokines. Cytokines in breast milk play a role in the development of a healthy immune system in newborns, the formation and maintenance of the immune response. Proinflammatory cytokines found in breast milk are TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12, IL-2 and IFN-γ; antiinflammatory cytokines are TGF-β, IL-7, IL-10, IL-18, G-CSF. Mothers' eating habits and dietary patterns can affect the composition of breast milk. The Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) is a scoring system that evaluates the inflammatory potential of the diet. In addition, consumption of ultra-processed foods is associated with increased inflammatory marker release. This study aimed to determine the effects of dietary inflammatory index and ultra-processed food consumption on proinflammatory cytokine levels in breast milk. The study was conducted with 65 mothers who volunteered to participate in the study and applied to the Child Health and Diseases Polyclinic and Gynecology and Obstetrics Polyclinic in medical centers and hospitals in Istanbul that approved the study. The study was conducted with 65 mothers who were breastfeeding and volunteered to participate in the study, who applied to the Child Health and Diseases Outpatient Clinic and the Gynecology and Obstetrics Outpatient Clinic in medical centers and hospitals in Istanbul that approved the study. The mean dietary inflammatory index (DII) score of the mothers who participated in the study was found to be –5,10 ± 4,03. The mean ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption score of the mothers who participated in the study was found to be 21,12 ± 9,34. Three different proinflammatory cytokine levels were analyzed in the breast milk samples of the mothers included in the study. Accordingly, TNF-α concentration was determined to be 82,37 ± 50,71 pg/mL, IFN γ concentration was determined to be 24,41 ± 20,67 pg/mL, and IL-6 concentration xv was determined to be 25,33 ± 27,15 pg/mL. The findings obtained from the multiple regression analysis applied in the current study showed that the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) and ultra-processed food (UPF) scores significantly affected the proinflammatory cytokine levels (TNF-α, IL-6, IFN-γ) in breast milk. The models were generally found to be significant and it was observed that the independent variables explained 21% to 26% of the variance in TNF-α, IL-6 and IFN-γ levels. In particular, the UPF score positively and statistically significantly predicted the proinflammatory cytokine levels in all models. While the DII score had significant effects on IL-6 and IFN-γ, its effect on TNF-α levels remained at the statistical limit. These findings reveal that the consumption of ultra-processed food and the inflammatory potential of the diet may be associated with the inflammatory response in breast milk and emphasize that this interaction should be considered in terms of both maternal nutrition and infant health. Having a diet that is antiinflammatory and free of overly processed foods is important to optimize breast milk content and achieve better health outcomes for babies
Addressing nutrition service management after the 2023 Kahramanmaraş earthquakes
No full textThe study addresses nutrition service management after the 7.8M and 7.6M Kahramanmaraş earthquakes. Initially, permission from the Turkish Red Crescent General Directorate and the support of the Turkish Red Crescent Academy were obtained to gather knowledge about the disaster response. In the short term, nutritional support was achieved for some settlements by the Turkish Red Crescent because the affected area was on a large scale. As a result, risk management should be considered, especially when planning nutrition services for the acute period. Nevertheless, the Turkish Red Crescent coordinated the long-term transportation and management of all food aid. Nearly 100 000 earthquake victims received nutrition services from the Turkish Red Crescent, while more than 3 million earthquake victims received food aid from nutrition platforms and other institutions. A multilevel nutrition service management model, which includes pre-disaster, disaster, and post-disaster, can accelerate the transition to normalization following the earthquake with a high-quality food supply and nutrition service
Taxonomic description and phylogenetic placement of a new xanthogalum species (Apiaceae) from Turkey
No full textThe genus Xanthogalum, represented by the species X. purpurascens and X. turcicum in Turkey, forms a small but taxonomically significant group characterized by decurrent leaves and large fruits with broad, undulate wings. During extensive field surveys (2020–2025) in northeastern Turkey, a distinctive population was discovered exhibiting a combination of morphological characters not found in any previously described Turkish species. Xanthogalum ozlemiae Tuncay & Akalın sp. nov. is described herein based on comprehensive morphological, anatomical, and molecular evidence. The new species is distinguished from its Turkish congeners by white petals with brownish lines (vs. yellow to yellow – green), densely hairy rays and pedicels, shorter pedicels (0.5–2.5 mm), amphisto matic leaves with sparse hairs restricted to upper surface veins, and distinctly unequal mericarps with markedly different wing widths (1.9–3.5 mm vs. 0.5–1 mm). Phylogenetic analyses based on ITS sequences support its placement within Xanthogalum and indicate close affinity with a white – petaled lineage. A detailed morphological description, anatomical characterization, comparisons with related species, an identification key, and a preliminary conservation assessment are provided. Given its extremely restricted distribution and ongoing habitat threats from tourism development, the species is assessed as Endangered (EN) under IUCN criteria.This study was supported by the Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit of Istanbul University under Grant Number [39066].
Bu çalışma, İstanbul Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Koordinasyon Birimi tarafından [39066] numaralı hibe kapsamında desteklenmiştir
Otonom araçlarda elektronik devre tasarımı ve örnek uygulamalar
No full textAutonomous vehicle technologies are advancing rapidly due to the development of sophisticated electronic circuit systems, providing safe and efficient transportation solutions. This study examines electronic circuit designs and case studies used in autonomous vehicles. Fundamental components such as sensor fusion, microcontrollers, motor drivers, and power management are detailed, and their impact on autonomous driving is discussed. The study specifically analyzes environmental perception mechanisms by integrating LIDAR, ultrasonic, and infrared sensors, emphasizing their role in data processing and decision-making. Additionally, energy efficiency and performance optimization are explored through motor driver circuits and battery management systems. A case study involving an autonomous mobile robot demonstrates the design, circuit schematics, and system integration processes step by step. In conclusion, the success of autonomous vehicles largely depends on the precision and reliability of electronic circuits. The design principles and application examples presented in this study aim to contribute to the development of autonomous systems.Otonom araç teknolojileri, gelişmiş elektronik devre sistemleri sayesinde hızla ilerlemekte ve güvenli, verimli ulaşım çözümleri sunmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, otonom araçlarda kullanılan elektronik devre tasarımları ve örnek uygulamalar ele alınmıştır. Mikrodenetleyiciler, motor sürücüleri ve güç yönetimi gibi temel bileşenler detaylandırılarak, bu sistemlerin otonom sürüş üzerindeki etkileri tartışılmaktadır. Çalışmada, özellikle LIDAR, ultrasonik ve kızılötesi sensörlerin entegrasyonu ile çevresel algılama mekanizmaları incelenmiş, verilerin işlenmesi ve karar alma süreçlerindeki rolü vurgulanmıştır. Bunun yanı sıra, motor sürücü devreleri ve batarya yönetim sistemleri üzerinden enerji verimliliği ve performans optimizasyonu konuları ele alınmıştır. Örnek bir otonom mobil robot üzerinde gerçekleştirilen uygulama ile elektronik devrelerin tasarımı, devre şemaları ve sistem entegrasyonu adım adım açıklanmıştır. Sonuç olarak, otonom araçların başarısı büyük ölçüde elektronik devrelerin hassasiyetine ve güvenilirliğine bağlıdır. Bu çalışmada sunulan tasarım prensipleri ve uygulama örnekleri, otonom sistemlerin geliştirilmesine katkı sağlamayı amaçlamaktadır
AI-focused peer assessment in internship programs: Effects on virtual learning competencies and attitudes towards AI
No full textThis research aims to investigate the impact of peer-evaluated internship activities centered on artificial intelligence on engineering students, specifically focusing on their virtual learning competencies, attitudes towards artificial intelligence, and ascertain student perspectives. For this purpose, mixed-methods research has been used. In this study, which used a sequential explanatory design, a preliminary experimental design was employed in the quantitative part and basic qualitative research methods were used in the qualitative part. The study group consists of 34 engineering students. Data were collected using the Project-Based Virtual Learning Competencies Scale, the General Attitude Towards Artificial Intelligence Scale, and semi-structured interview forms. The research demonstrated that internship activities centered on peer evaluation related to artificial intelligence in virtual learning environments considerably improved the virtual learning competencies of engineering students. However, these activities did not significantly influence their attitudes towards artificial intelligence, whether positive or negative. The tasks during the internship program are thought to have improved students' collaboration, problem-solving, communication, creative thinking, technical knowledge, project writing skills, and research skills. Furthermore, it has been determined that students have acquired experience and enhanced their skills in process management, leadership, and tolerance