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Plasti prostora in časa: iz gospodarske zgodovine Slovenije prve polovice 20. stoletja
No full textThe presented events and phenomena from the Slovenian economic history until World War II testify to the economic changes as an integral part of the changes within a society. Namely, social and economic changes are parallel and reciprocal. They are a combination of complex, partly also contradictory and mutual relations between society and individuals, society and technology as well as society and economy in the context of a definite value system. Furthermore, they also emerge and function in a certain social, cultural, temporal and regional context. Until World War II Slovenia was, in terms of its social and economic structure, similar to the East European situation, and that became even more evident after its integration into the Yugoslav state. This was the time when the Slovenian society faced the challenges
of the transition into a new and different paradigm of development, social relations and concept of economic progress. Industrialisation was the most important factor of these changes, influencing the reallocation of social power and relations, system of social values and lifestyles, as well as the landscape. It was gradual and of modest extent, limited to the exploitation of basic natural resources for decades. Even in the beginning of the 1930s the livelihood of two thirds of the Slovenian population depended on the industries based on natural resources, including agriculture – meaning technologically less demanding sectors. Only the time between both world wars brought about a somewhat faster dynamics and partial change of the industrialisation pattern.V monografiji Plasti prostora in časa predstavljam poti in načine prilagajanja slovenskega gospodarstva v prvi polovici 20. stoletja, v kontekstu Habsburške monarhije in jugoslovanske države do druge svetovne vojne. Monografija je razdeljena v štiri osnovna poglavja, v katerih so analitično obravnavani posamezni pojavi in procesi ekonomske in socialne transformacije ter geografske reorientacije slovenskega ekonomskega prostora
Plasti prostora in časa: iz gospodarske zgodovine Slovenije prve polovice 20. stoletja
No full textThe presented events and phenomena from the Slovenian economic history until World War II testify to the economic changes as an integral part of the changes within a society. Namely, social and economic changes are parallel and reciprocal. They are a combination of complex, partly also contradictory and mutual relations between society and individuals, society and technology as well as society and economy in the context of a definite value system. Furthermore, they also emerge and function in a certain social, cultural, temporal and regional context. Until World War II Slovenia was, in terms of its social and economic structure, similar to the East European situation, and that became even more evident after its integration into the Yugoslav state. This was the time when the Slovenian society faced the challenges
of the transition into a new and different paradigm of development, social relations and concept of economic progress. Industrialisation was the most important factor of these changes, influencing the reallocation of social power and relations, system of social values and lifestyles, as well as the landscape. It was gradual and of modest extent, limited to the exploitation of basic natural resources for decades. Even in the beginning of the 1930s the livelihood of two thirds of the Slovenian population depended on the industries based on natural resources, including agriculture – meaning technologically less demanding sectors. Only the time between both world wars brought about a somewhat faster dynamics and partial change of the industrialisation pattern.V monografiji Plasti prostora in časa predstavljam poti in načine prilagajanja slovenskega gospodarstva v prvi polovici 20. stoletja, v kontekstu Habsburške monarhije in jugoslovanske države do druge svetovne vojne. Monografija je razdeljena v štiri osnovna poglavja, v katerih so analitično obravnavani posamezni pojavi in procesi ekonomske in socialne transformacije ter geografske reorientacije slovenskega ekonomskega prostora
»V zaželjeni deželi«: slovenska izkušnja s Kraljevino SHS/Jugoslavijo 1918-1941
No full textThe first experience with the new historical situation that Slovenians were in after they had left Austria was related to the establishment of the State of Slovenians, Croatians and Serbians (hereinafter the State of SHS), founded by the Habsburg Yugoslavs on 29 October 1918. The State of SHS, with the exception of the Prekmurje, Medjimurje, Bačka, Baranja and Banat regions, encompassed all of the Yugoslav territory of the former Austro-Hungarian Monarchy and existed until 1 December 1918, when it merged with the Kingdom of Serbia to form the Kingdom of Serbians, Croatians and Slovenians (hereinafter the Kingdom of SHS). In the State of SHS, for the first time in the 20th century, Slovenians clearly expressed their statehood capabilities, since they had successfully organised themselves as a national community that freely decided about all aspects of its national, political, national legal, cultural, social and economic development.O prvi Jugoslaviji, s katero se je začelo dobrih sedemdeset let obsegajoče obdobje jugoslovanske državne izkušnje slovenskega naroda, danes, ko se jugoslovansko obdobje vedno hitreje odmika izpred družbenega in političnega pogleda sodobnega slovenskega človeka, v javnosti vedno redkeje teče beseda. Kar zadeva 20. stoletje, se je namreč v zgodovinopisni in širši družbeni javnosti v zadnjih letih uveljavila vrsta poudarjenih razmišljanj in polemik o vzrokih in usodnih posledicah slovenskih idejnih in političnih delitev v 20. stoletju, ki predvsem zadevajo dogajanje med drugo svetovno vojno na Slovenskem in obdobje neposredno po njej. Podobno, čeprav manj, velja tudi za čas druge jugoslovanske države, za katerega se v glavnem poudarja le njegova temeljna značilnost, to je monistični idejni in politični sistem, ki ga je po letu 1945 vzpostavila in vzdrževala komunistična stranka
Prelom s preteklostjo: Zgodovina srednjeevropskih držav ob koncu druge svetovne vojne
No full textThe end of the war. The fighting is over, it is peacetime. The weapons fell silent, but the peace that came all over the world was actually a time of great unrest – a time of excitement, desire to act, to eradicate the consequences of the war, physical as well as spiritual, as soon as possible. Everyone yearned for life to get back to what was normal for peacetime as quickly as it could. The unrest, brought about by the end of the war, was a consequence of overall excitement, since many questions, conflicts and changes were caused by the war, and they all needed solving. It looked like the world as it existed until then and the relations between countries and allies of that time would change, and so would also individual countries themselves. Governments, political systems and borders would be altered. The end of the war undoubtedly drove a wedge between the old and the new. It brought about a transformation of attitudes and realities. However, the changes took various forms, occurred in different areas and were not equally intense. They varied from country to country
Prelom s preteklostjo: Zgodovina srednjeevropskih držav ob koncu druge svetovne vojne
No full textThe end of the war. The fighting is over, it is peacetime. The weapons fell silent, but the peace that came all over the world was actually a time of great unrest – a time of excitement, desire to act, to eradicate the consequences of the war, physical as well as spiritual, as soon as possible. Everyone yearned for life to get back to what was normal for peacetime as quickly as it could. The unrest, brought about by the end of the war, was a consequence of overall excitement, since many questions, conflicts and changes were caused by the war, and they all needed solving. It looked like the world as it existed until then and the relations between countries and allies of that time would change, and so would also individual countries themselves. Governments, political systems and borders would be altered. The end of the war undoubtedly drove a wedge between the old and the new. It brought about a transformation of attitudes and realities. However, the changes took various forms, occurred in different areas and were not equally intense. They varied from country to country
Prelom s preteklostjo: Zgodovina srednjeevropskih držav ob koncu druge svetovne vojne
No full textThe end of the war. The fighting is over, it is peacetime. The weapons fell silent, but the peace that came all over the world was actually a time of great unrest – a time of excitement, desire to act, to eradicate the consequences of the war, physical as well as spiritual, as soon as possible. Everyone yearned for life to get back to what was normal for peacetime as quickly as it could. The unrest, brought about by the end of the war, was a consequence of overall excitement, since many questions, conflicts and changes were caused by the war, and they all needed solving. It looked like the world as it existed until then and the relations between countries and allies of that time would change, and so would also individual countries themselves. Governments, political systems and borders would be altered. The end of the war undoubtedly drove a wedge between the old and the new. It brought about a transformation of attitudes and realities. However, the changes took various forms, occurred in different areas and were not equally intense. They varied from country to country
Evropski vplivi na slovensko družbo
No full textSlovenci so bili skozi vso zgodovino vpeti v evropski okvir. V Evropo ne sodijo le teritorialno, ampak j e Evropa s svojimi različnimi idejami, vrednotami in procesi ves čas vplivala na slovensko družbo, ki j e te vplive sprejemala in jih potem živela v svoji specifičnosti. Na dogajanje na Slovenskem so imele največji vpliv ideje in vrednote, ki so sicer nastale v različnih evropskih državah in okoljih, a so se uveljavile v širšem družbenem okolju držav, v okviru katerih so živeli.
Politične, gospodarske, socialne in kulturne ideje in procesi, pa tudi sistem vrednot so v Evropi doživeli razvoj, ki pa ni bil vedno pozitiven. Porajale in razvijale so se ideje, ki so vodile k razvoju demokracije, večanju različnih pravic, tako političnih, kot pravic posameznika, manjšin in ne nazadnje socialnih pravic. Pogosto pa so na evropskih tleh prevladale totalitarne ideje, v dvajsetem stoletju fašizem in nacizem, ki sta z vojno vanje potegnila vso Evropo. Komunistična oz. socialistična ideja pa se je odrazila različno, kot socialna demokracija, a tudi kot komunizem. Vsi trije totalitarizmi pa so na različen način zaznamovali najprej Slovence. V drugi polovici osemdesetih let se je dogajanje v Evropi, Jugoslaviji in Sloveniji prepletalo in privedlo do razvoja demokratičnih idej, do demokratizacije Slovenije, vzpostavitve samostojne slovenske države in večstrankarskega sistema.
To tematiko j e obravnavalo 55 referentov na 34. zborovanju Zveze zgodovinskih društev Slovenije, ki j e bilo 16. in 17. oktobra 2008 v Rogaški Slatini. Osredotočili so se na to, katere ideje in procesi, ki so se v različnih segmentih družbe kot so politika, gospodarstvo, sociala, kultura porajali in odvijali v Evropi, so pomembno vplivali na dogajanje med Slovenci. Njihove objavljene razprave pomembno prispevajo k znanstveni sintezi slovenske zgodovine in njeni vpetosti v evropski okvir in s tem k utrjevanju identitete Slovenije in njene vloge v Evropi
Komunistična partija Slovenije in revolucionarno gibanje 1941-1943
No full textThe Communist Party of Slovenia (CPS), with the attack of the Axis powers upon Yugoslavia in April 1941, entered the political scene as a socially marginal party with less than 1300 members. It was integral to the centrally organized Communist Party of Yugoslavia (CPY), which was a section of the Comintern. This framework significantly determined the operations and orientations of the CPS, which were coordinated according to the interests of the revolution as well as in accordance with the state interests of the Soviet Union, the only socialist state of the Bolshevik type at the time. Edvard Kardelj and Boris Kidrič were its leading visionaries. Following two decades of operating in the illegal, it was qualified for precisely more of the same with the onset of WWII. This proved particularly significant in that it awaited the war internally already uniform; that is, by then they had already concluded with the process of bolshevization and internal cleansing.Komunistična partija Slovenije (KPS) je ob napadu sil osi na Jugoslavijo aprila 1941 stopila na politično prizorišče kot družbeno marginalna stranka, z manj kot 1.300 člani. Bila je integralni del centralistično urejene Komunistične partije Jugoslavije (KPJ), le-ta pa je bila sekcija Kominterne. Omenjeni okvir je pomembno določal njeno delovanje in usmeritve, ki jih je usklajevala z interesi revolucije in državnimi interesi Sovjetske zveze, ki je bila hkrati edina socialistična država boljševiškega tipa. Njena glavna idejna voditelja sta bila Edvard Kardelj in Boris Kidrič. Za sabo je imela dvajset let ilegalnega delovanja in temu ustrezno je bila ob nastopu vojne tudi usposobljena. Kar je bilo še posebej pomembno, vojno je dočakala notranje poenotena, saj je do takrat že zaključila s procesom boljševizacije, ki so ga spremljale notranje čistke
Komunistična partija Slovenije in revolucionarno gibanje 1941-1943
No full textThe Communist Party of Slovenia (CPS), with the attack of the Axis powers upon Yugoslavia in April 1941, entered the political scene as a socially marginal party with less than 1300 members. It was integral to the centrally organized Communist Party of Yugoslavia (CPY), which was a section of the Comintern. This framework significantly determined the operations and orientations of the CPS, which were coordinated according to the interests of the revolution as well as in accordance with the state interests of the Soviet Union, the only socialist state of the Bolshevik type at the time. Edvard Kardelj and Boris Kidrič were its leading visionaries. Following two decades of operating in the illegal, it was qualified for precisely more of the same with the onset of WWII. This proved particularly significant in that it awaited the war internally already uniform; that is, by then they had already concluded with the process of bolshevization and internal cleansing.Komunistična partija Slovenije (KPS) je ob napadu sil osi na Jugoslavijo aprila 1941 stopila na politično prizorišče kot družbeno marginalna stranka, z manj kot 1.300 člani. Bila je integralni del centralistično urejene Komunistične partije Jugoslavije (KPJ), le-ta pa je bila sekcija Kominterne. Omenjeni okvir je pomembno določal njeno delovanje in usmeritve, ki jih je usklajevala z interesi revolucije in državnimi interesi Sovjetske zveze, ki je bila hkrati edina socialistična država boljševiškega tipa. Njena glavna idejna voditelja sta bila Edvard Kardelj in Boris Kidrič. Za sabo je imela dvajset let ilegalnega delovanja in temu ustrezno je bila ob nastopu vojne tudi usposobljena. Kar je bilo še posebej pomembno, vojno je dočakala notranje poenotena, saj je do takrat že zaključila s procesom boljševizacije, ki so ga spremljale notranje čistke
Rimska zgodovina. Del 1, Od začetkov do nastopa cesarja Dioklecijana
No full textBratožev pregled rimske zgodovine je prvi obširnejši poskus predstavitve obče zgodovine Rima v slovenskem jeziku (prvi del obravnava tisočletno obdobje od začetkov Rima do nastopa cesarja Dioklecijana 284 po Kr., drugi del pa bo zajemal okrog tristoletno obdobje pozne antike). Za razliko od starejših tujih pregledov podobnega obsega v večji meri upošteva cesarsko dobo, kar ustreza povečanemu zanimanju za ta čas v modernih raziskavah. Nekoliko podrobneje je predstavljen današnji slovenski prostor s sosednjimi območji (severozahodna Italija, vzhodne Alpe, srednje Podonavje, zahodni Balkan). Poleg politične zgodovine pregeled upošteva, zlasti za cesarsko dobo, razvoj družbe, v manjši meri tudi gospodarstvo, upravo, versko življenje in kulturo. Za obravnavana obdobja in teme vključuje predstavitev temeljnih virov, razvoja raziskav in znanstvene bibliografije, ki je v znatni meri prilagojena slovenskemu raziskovalnemu prostoru. V obsežnem izboru so upoštevana dela slovenske znanosti, ki je na področju raziskav izbranih področij rimske antike dosegla pomembne rezultate