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Francoski inštitut v Ljubljani 1921-1947
No full textFrancoski inštitut v Ljubljani je bil pred drugo svetovno vojno zbirališče svobodomiselno in protifašistično usmerjenih izobražencev in politikov in najpomembnejša tuja kulturna ustanova v Dravski banovini, njegov direktor Jean Yves Lacroix pa ugledna osebnost slovenskega javnega in kulturnega življenja. Kljub temu se poskus oživitve inštituta po drugi svetovni vojni ni posrečil, saj so bile povojne komunistične oblasti do ustanove, ki bi lahko znova postala središče svobodomiselnih pobud, in do direktorja Lacroixa, ki je bil sicer velik prijatelj Slovenije in občudovalec partizanskega boja, vendar svobodomislec in demokrat, podobno nezaupljive kot katoliški konservativci pred vojno. Leta 1946 obnovljeni inštitut so tako že konec leta 1947 zaprle, njegovega direktorja Lacroixa pa izgnale
School History and Textbooks: A Comparative Analysis of History Textbooks in Japan and Slovenia
No full textThis volume is a product of four workshops by Bilateral Joint Research Projects between Slovenia and Japan, which were held in Ljubljana and Tokyo with the financial support of Ministry of Higher Education, Science and Technology (MHEST) and Japan Society for Promotion of Science (JSPS) from 2010 to 2011. The joint research was given the title “Comparative Analysis of History Textbook in Japan and Slovenia: Structures, Contents and Interpretations”
Pot do slovenske narodnogospodarske suverenosti 1945-1991
No full textThe concept of national economy is inseparable from the concept of state, which distinguishes it from local or regional and international or global economy. It presupposes a large-scale and comprehensive economic system, made up of all the important production and service activities in a certain national territory. All of these activities are unified and organically integrated to the extent where they do not only facilitate the production process and its development up to the highest technical level, but also ensure that the human and social needs in general are met. In this sense the concept of national economy, which is distinctly protectionist, also involves all of the areas and jurisdictions making up the concept of a sovereign state. Apart from the independent management of all issues relating to the economic system and developmental policy, national economy also involves the state’s own currency and bank of issue, tax, banking and insurance systems, customs, standardisation, statistics and own economic representations, as well as »additional institutions« like the institutes for precious metals and metrology.Pojem narodnega gospodarstva je neločljivo povezan s pojmom države, s čimer se loči od lokalnega oziroma regionalnega in mednarodnega ali svetovnega gospodarstva. Predpostavlja velik in zaokrožen gospodarski sistem, ki ga sestavljajo vse pomembne proizvodne in uslužnostne dejavnosti na določenem nacionalnem ozemlju. Vse te dejavnosti so enotne in tako organsko povezane, da ne omogočajo le nemotenega poteka produkcijskega procesa in njegovega razvoja do najvišje tehnične ravni, temveč zagotavljajo tudi zadovoljevanje človeških in splošno družbenih potreb. V tem smislu zajema pojem narodnega gospodarstva, ki je izrazito protekcionistično naravnan, še vsa tista področja in pristojnosti, ki tvorijo pojem suverena država. Poleg samostojnega urejanja vseh vprašanj, povezanih z gospodarskim sistemom in razvojno politiko, vključujejo še lasten denar in emisijsko banko, davčni, bančni in zavarovalni sistem, carine, standardizacijo, ureditev statistike in lastna gospodarska predstavništva, od »dodatnih ustanov« pa še Zavod za plemenite kovine in Zavod za mere in uteži
Zgodovina otroštva
No full textSoavtor(ji): Peter Štih (gl. in od. ur.), Aida Škoro Babić (ur. in prev.), Mateja Jeraj (ur.), Matevž Košir (ur.), Bojan Balkovec (ur.)
Zbirka: Zbirka zgodovinskega časopisa, 4
Pot do slovenske narodnogospodarske suverenosti 1945-1991
No full textThe concept of national economy is inseparable from the concept of state, which distinguishes it from local or regional and international or global economy. It presupposes a large-scale and comprehensive economic system, made up of all the important production and service activities in a certain national territory. All of these activities are unified and organically integrated to the extent where they do not only facilitate the production process and its development up to the highest technical level, but also ensure that the human and social needs in general are met. In this sense the concept of national economy, which is distinctly protectionist, also involves all of the areas and jurisdictions making up the concept of a sovereign state. Apart from the independent management of all issues relating to the economic system and developmental policy, national economy also involves the state’s own currency and bank of issue, tax, banking and insurance systems, customs, standardisation, statistics and own economic representations, as well as »additional institutions« like the institutes for precious metals and metrology.Pojem narodnega gospodarstva je neločljivo povezan s pojmom države, s čimer se loči od lokalnega oziroma regionalnega in mednarodnega ali svetovnega gospodarstva. Predpostavlja velik in zaokrožen gospodarski sistem, ki ga sestavljajo vse pomembne proizvodne in uslužnostne dejavnosti na določenem nacionalnem ozemlju. Vse te dejavnosti so enotne in tako organsko povezane, da ne omogočajo le nemotenega poteka produkcijskega procesa in njegovega razvoja do najvišje tehnične ravni, temveč zagotavljajo tudi zadovoljevanje človeških in splošno družbenih potreb. V tem smislu zajema pojem narodnega gospodarstva, ki je izrazito protekcionistično naravnan, še vsa tista področja in pristojnosti, ki tvorijo pojem suverena država. Poleg samostojnega urejanja vseh vprašanj, povezanih z gospodarskim sistemom in razvojno politiko, vključujejo še lasten denar in emisijsko banko, davčni, bančni in zavarovalni sistem, carine, standardizacijo, ureditev statistike in lastna gospodarska predstavništva, od »dodatnih ustanov« pa še Zavod za plemenite kovine in Zavod za mere in uteži
Francoski inštitut v Ljubljani 1921-1947
No full textFrancoski inštitut v Ljubljani je bil pred drugo svetovno vojno zbirališče svobodomiselno in protifašistično usmerjenih izobražencev in politikov in najpomembnejša tuja kulturna ustanova v Dravski banovini, njegov direktor Jean Yves Lacroix pa ugledna osebnost slovenskega javnega in kulturnega življenja. Kljub temu se poskus oživitve inštituta po drugi svetovni vojni ni posrečil, saj so bile povojne komunistične oblasti do ustanove, ki bi lahko znova postala središče svobodomiselnih pobud, in do direktorja Lacroixa, ki je bil sicer velik prijatelj Slovenije in občudovalec partizanskega boja, vendar svobodomislec in demokrat, podobno nezaupljive kot katoliški konservativci pred vojno. Leta 1946 obnovljeni inštitut so tako že konec leta 1947 zaprle, njegovega direktorja Lacroixa pa izgnale
School History and Textbooks: A Comparative Analysis of History Textbooks in Japan and Slovenia
No full textThis volume is a product of four workshops by Bilateral Joint Research Projects between Slovenia and Japan, which were held in Ljubljana and Tokyo with the financial support of Ministry of Higher Education, Science and Technology (MHEST) and Japan Society for Promotion of Science (JSPS) from 2010 to 2011. The joint research was given the title “Comparative Analysis of History Textbook in Japan and Slovenia: Structures, Contents and Interpretations”
O demokraciji in jugoslovanstvu: slovenski liberalizem v Kraljevini SHS/Jugoslaviji
No full textThe question of the ideological, political, social and national coexistence is one of the key conditions for the establishment of democracy in the national and international political community. This issue was also faced by the liberals after the political-party division of the Slovenian space in the end of the 19th century. Since the establishment of the liberal National Party for Carniola in 1894 until the beginning of World War II in Slovenia in 1941, as far as the question of the ideological guidelines of the Slovenian national-political development was concerned everyone had the right to practice religion or not. However, this was supposed to be a private matter and should not influence the people’s social and political actions. In line with this principled standpoint the liberals led a fierce cultural struggle against the Catholic political camp in the Austrian period, which was most evident in Carniola. Ideologically and politically they also strongly opposed the Marxist social-democratic workers’ movement. These ideological-political standpoints were in line with the socio-economic viewpoints of the Slovenian liberalism, which emphasised the bourgeois social exclusivism. The liberals never accepted either social democracy or Christian socialism, and they opposed the Catholic socio-economic activities even more. Throughout the Austrian period they kept arguing for social distinction, even if at the declarative level they emphasised the principle of equality of all social strata. They acknowledged one of the basic condiSummary On Democracy and Yugoslavism: Slovenian Liberalism in the Kingdom of SHS/ Yugoslavia o demokraciji in jugoslovanstvu_kor3.indd 265 20.12.2013 16:56:28 266 tions for the democratic and common management of public affairs and political life – the universal and equal right (of men) to vote – as late as in 1908. Until 1918 the Slovenian liberal policy also consistently strengthened the principle of total denial of one another, including their attitude towards the Jews. Namely, anti-Semitism as an inseparable aspect of the ideological character of the Slovenian liberal camp kept appearing and was preserved since the beginnings of the liberal camp’s organisation in the 1860s until its decline in the period between both World Wars. Anti-Semitism was also characteristic of the Catholic and Marxist camps. As far as the attitude towards the Germans and Italians was concerned, the liberals argued for the national co-habitation of Slovenians and these nations on equal terms.Vprašanje idejnega, politiĀnega, socialnega in narodnega sobivanja je eden od kljuĀnih pogojev vzpostavljanja demokratiĀnih razmer v narodni in mednarodni politiĀni skupnosti. Z njim so se po politiĀnostrankarski razdelitvi slovenskega prostora konec 19. stoletja sooĀili tudi liberalci. V Āasu od ustanovitve liberalne Narodne stranke za Kranjsko leta 1894 do zaĀetka druge svetovne vojne na Slovenskem leta 1941 so – kar zadeva vprašanje idejnih vodil slovenskega narodnopolitiĀnega razvoja – vsakomur priznavali pravico do izpovedovanja ali neizpovedovanja vere, a to bi moralo ostati na zasebni ravni in ne bi smelo vplivati na posameznikovo družbeno in politiĀno ravnanje. Ob tem naĀelnem stališĀu so v avstrijski dobi vodili trd kulturni boj proti katoliškemu politiĀnemu taboru, kar je bilo najbolj znaĀilno na Kranjskem. Ideološko in politiĀno so ostro nasprotovali tudi marksistiĀnemu socialnodemokratskemu delavskemu gibanju. S temi idejnopolitiĀnimi pogledi so bili usklajeni socialnogospodarski nazori slovenskega liberalizma, ki je poudarjal mešĀanski socialni ekskluzivizem. Liberalci nikoli niso sprejeli ne socialne demokracije ne kršĀanskega socializma, še najmanj pa katoliško socialno-gospodarsko dejavnost, in so skozi vso avstrijsko dobo ostali zagovorniki socialnega razlikovanja, Āeprav so deklarativno poudarjali naĀelo enakopravnosti vseh stanov. V eno od temeljnih osnov demokratiĀnega in skupnega urejevanja javnih zadev in politiĀnega življenja – splošno in enako volilno pravico (moških) – so Povzetek o demokraciji in jugoslovanstvu_kor3.indd 255 20.12.2013 16:56:27 256 privolili šele leta 1908. Slovenska liberalna politika je s svoje strani do leta 1918 dosledno utrjevala naĀelo celostnega zanikanja drug drugega, vkljuĀno z odnosom do Judov. Protisemitizem se je namreĀ kot neloĀljiva znaĀilnost idejnega znaĀaja slovenskega liberalnega tabora pojavljal in ohranjal od zaĀetkov njegovega organiziranja v šestdesetih letih 19. stoletja do njegovega zatona v obdobju med svetovnima vojnama; bil je tudi znaĀilen za katoliški in marksistiĀni tabor. V odnosu do Nemcev in Italijanov so se liberalci zavzemali za enakopravno nacionalno sobivanje Slovencev z njimi
Conversio Bagoariorum et Carantanorum : das Weißbuch der Salzburger Kirche über die erfolgreiche Mission in Karantanien und Pannonien
No full textConversio Bagoariorum et Carantanorum : das Weißbuch der Salzburger Kirche über die erfolgreiche Mission in Karantanien und Pannonien / herausgegeben, übersetzt, kommentiert und um die Epistola Theotmari wie um Gesammelte Schriften zum Thema ergänzt von Herwig Wolfram ; [herausgegeben von Peter Štih
Prelom s starim in začetek novega: tranzicija slovenskega gospodarstva iz socializma v kapitalizem (1990-2004)
No full textOpinions on the Slovenian economic transition are divided. While the transition could be described primarily as a success story until its formal conclusion, assessments of a less than positive nature began to prevail after 2004. Some have even labelled Slovenia as having somehow lost out in the transition process. The year 2011 marks 20 years of Slovenian independence and two decades is certainly a sufficient period from which to offer an opinion on the transition process. While the transition was completed at a formal level by joining the EU, it may be valuable to also consider the process from a general historical perspective. Although some express doubts about this, the fact is that historiography has recently taken a step forward in this regard. In Slovenia we are just at the beginning, but in countries such as the Czech Republic and Germany, research of the post 1990-period is not unusual. Fear and scepticism because of the relatively short period of time which has passed and the relevance of the sources are redundant. There are many resources, it is true, however, that classical or archival sources which are generally used in historiography are not available for this period because of legal barriers (at least most of them). From this perspective, a historian who will study the transition thirty or more years from now will definitely have a much easier task, mainly due to the fact that he will have the major processes of the economic transitions inventoried and collected in archives. The question of what and Summary A Break with the Old and the Beginning of Something New: Slovenian Economic Transition from Socialism to Capitalism (1990–2004) 454 how much, which is already available today at different institutions, will be handed over to the archives. In my opinion there is nothing we do not know already which would make a substantial difference to the findings of my dissertation. A key issue in research is the historian’s approach to the latter, by which I mean, in particular, a critical examination of sources and their selection. We often hear from historians who study earlier periods that their research is based exclusively on archival sources, which would appear to be somehow naturally relevant and much more objective, especially when compared with sources for most recent history. I am very sceptical of this approach. I think that a stronger historiographical presence would be more than welcome in Slovene society when it comes to issues and processes of the recent past. There is too much unnecessary politicizing, which is otherwise necessary, but not in places and about problems that must and can be evaluated only by professionals or academics.Mnenja o slovenski gospodarski tranziciji so deljena. Če se jo je vse do njenega formalnega zaključka označevalo predvsem kot zgodbo o uspehu, so po letu 2004 v ospredje vse bolj stopala vse prej kot pozitivna mnenja in ocene. Nekateri so Slovenijo označili celo za tranzicijsko poraženko. Leta 2011 je minilo 20 let od osamosvojitve naše države in dve desetletji vsekakor že predstavljata dobo, ko lahko podamo mnenje o tranzicijskem procesu, ki se je na formalni ravni končal z vstopom v EU, tudi z zgodovinskega gledišča. Nekateri imajo glede tega sicer pomisleke, a dejstvo je, da je zgodovinopisje v tem pogledu v zadnjem času naredilo korak naprej. V Sloveniji pa smo šele na začetku, medtem ko v nekaterih državah, kot sta na primer Češka in Nemčija, preučevanje obdobja po letu 1990 ni nič nenavadnega. Strah in skeptičnost zaradi kratke časovne distance in relevantnosti virov sta odveč. Virov je precej, res pa je, da klasični oziroma arhivski viri, ki jih ponavadi uporablja zgodovinopisje, za obravnavano obdobje zaradi zakonskih ovir niso na voljo (vsaj večina njih). S tega vidika bo vsekakor zgodovinar, ki se bo lotil preučevanja področja tranzicije čez trideset ali več let, imel veliko lažjo nalogo. Lažje mu bo predvsem zaradi dejstva, da bo imel glavne procese gospodarske tranzicije popisane in zbrane v arhivskih fondih, čeprav se tukaj postavlja vprašanje, katero gradivo in koliko le-tega, kar ni že danes dostopno po različnih institucijah, bo predano v arhivsko hrambo. Menim, da med gradivom ni nič takšnega, kar bi bistveno spremenilo moja spoznanja. Ključnega pomena pri raziskovanju se mi zdi predvsem zgodovinarjev pristop k slednjemu, tu mislim posebej na kritični pretres virov in na njihovo selekcijo. Pogosto je mogoče od zgodovinarjev, ki se ukvarjajo s starejšimi obdobji, slišati, da so njihova dela napisana izključno na arhivskih virih, kar naj bi se razumelo samo po sebi kot relevantno in toliko bolj objektivno, posebej v primerjavi z deli, ki obravnavajo najnovejše obdobje. Sam imam do takšnega pristopa in mnenj zelo skeptičen odnos. Menim namreč, da bi bilo zaželeno, da bi bilo zgodovinopisje tudi v naši državi bolj prisotno v družbi, ko gre za problematiko in procese, ki so časovno manj odmaknjeni. Preveč je nepotrebnega politiziranja, ki je sicer tudi potrebno, a ne o problemih, ki jih mora in more ovrednotiti le stroka ali znanost