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How to Find a Minimum Viable Product in IoTA
No full textInternational audienceIoT in Aerospace (IoTA) sector changed the way aerospace companies seeing the future products. As longer product life cycle in Aerospace & Defense industry, split-second decisions can mean a difference between success and failure. Aerospace majors are thinking differently to change the product innovation and development process by nurturing start-up culture and entrepreneurial mindset in their organization.This investigative research is aimed in developing a methodology to identify the Minimum Viable Product (MVP) using IoT for aerospace companies. House of Quality (HoQ) helped in identifying the positive and negative correlation between the IoT characteristics and its linkage with various aerospace systems. This exploratory research can be used by aerospace system suppliers to develop a MVP IoT product in aerospace systems
Supplier selection under risk of delivery failure: a decision-support model considering managers’ risk sensitivity
No full textInternational audienceThis paper studies the problem of supplier selection and order allocation in a retail supply chain (comprising suppliers, a central purchasing unit and outlets) under disruption risk. The final demand is deterministic. Suppliers are located in different geographic areas, and supplies are subject to a positive probability of disruption. Different capacity and failure probabilities for each supplier are considered. Our analysis focuses on the insurance versus profitability trade-off faced by a supply manager who buys from suppliers for the outlets. Instead of determining optimal decisions given an objective function and the risk sensitivity of the decision-maker, we use a mixed integer linear programming approach to provide decision-making support that shows a supply manager the ‘elasticity of (expected) losses versus (expected) profits’. Under this model, and depending on the profit-and-loss targets, a supply manager of known risk sensitivity (i.e. risk aversion and loss aversion) can make better decisions when choosing suppliers. Moreover, taking into account, the impact of the share of fixed costs that must be covered by the operation, we consider the net values of expected profit and loss. We discuss the potential influence of the level of the firm’s fixed costs on the supply strategy. In particular, we show how the minimum value of the gross margin needed for the strategy’s profitability affects that strategy. A numerical application is conducted to illustrate the contribution of our decision-making support mechanism, and several managerial insights are obtained
Dossier Science et Société : Glyphosate. Mais comment s'en passer ?
No full textSPE GESTAD INRANational audienc
Gregory Voss on Facebook & Google Data Protection
No full textThis video discusses the impact of the GDPR -- Europe's new data protection law -- on the big U.S. tech companies, in light of their present business model: free products and services in exchange for personal data. Gregory VOSS, Law Professor at TBS, analyzes the consequences of the new data protection European law on Facebook & Google business models. This video was inspired in part by an article written by Kimberly A. Houser & W. Gregory Voss: "GDPR: The End of Google and Facebook or a New Paradigm in Data Privacy?" published in Volume 25, Issue 1 of Richmond Journal of Law & Technology
Influence and Complementarity of Follow-on Managerial Innovations within a Public Organization
No full textInternational audienc
« L’art de perdre », le professionnel résilient
No full textInternational audienceThis paper develops the concept of “resilient professionalism” to illuminate the identity work of the management controller in a public organization. Based on biographical interviews, we show how its identity work starts with a negative own perception and requires coping with constraints and resistances over the long run, striving meanwhile to overcome or skirt them. The three core sets of practices and discourses shed light on a lesser-known aspect of management controllers’ identity work: the way the individual customizes its professional image through a continuous resistance to difficulties.Cet article développe le concept de « professionnalisme résilient » pour comprendre le travail identitaire du contrôleur de gestion dans une organisation publique. À partir d’entretiens biographiques, les auteurs montrent comment le contrôleur compose avec une perception dégradée de lui-même, se résigne à affronter les difficultés dans la durée sans abandonner sa mission, et adopte une logique personnelle de dépassement ou de contournement des antagonismes. Ces trois ensembles de pratiques et discours permettent de comprendre une facette méconnue du travail identitaire, i.e. comment l’individu se construit en professionnel par sa capacité à résister et à absorber les difficultés
ERP Adoption and Use in Production Research: An Archival Analysis and Future Research Directions
No full textInternational audienceThe enterprise resource planning (ERP) adoption and use phenomenon has attracted much of the attention of production researchers over the last two to three decades. Through a systematic literature review, the purpose of this paper is to conduct a detailed examination of the investigation of ERP adoption and use in production research, more specifically. The paper provides a synthetic view of the various research approaches and designs having been used and presents an overview of the studied: vendors/systems, ERP deployment types, implementation outcomes, benefits, critical success factors, risk factors and effects based on identified 61 articles. Further research directions are proposed including the urgent need for researchers to examine ERP implementation with regards to IoT, big data analytics, machine learning and blockchain. The contribution of this study lies in the provided taxonomy, the detailed description of classifications, the adopted methodology, and the identification of research gaps
Dynamic Price Competition in the Air Transport Market: An Analysis on Long-Haul Routes
No full textInternational audienceThe pricing policy of airlines is based on revenue management. Revenue management analysts daily observe competitive prices and strategically adjust their own tariffs. One could expect this behavior to lead to a sound homogenization of airline prices evolution while competing on a market. We test empirically whether airline pricing strategies evolve on a similar manner, on a particular set of long-haul routes. Using new and original data including information on ticket prices paid, purchasing and departure dates, we estimate a model for the effect of dynamic factors on the evolution of ticket prices, based on economic theory. We use a 3 rd degree polynomial regression between prices and number of days to departure for each airline operating on the routes, and control for key revenue management variables, competition factors and individual effects. Our results show that competing airlines pricing strategies are statistically distinct during their ticket sale period. Airlines maximize their profits by sequentially increasing or decreasing their prices, but they do so in a non-synchronized fashion, and with different magnitudes
《欧盟一般数据保护条例》中的公司内部合规机制
No full textInternational audienceThe new EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) establishes requirements (and certain incentives) for internal compliance mechanisms that do not exist in current legislation. These requirements , which will have an impact on internal processes and staffing of firms, such as the requirement in certain cases of engaging a data protection officer, of conducting a data protection impact assessment , or making notifications of data breaches, will require firms to organize themselves prior to the GDPR becoming applicable in 2018. This article sets out first the increased territorial scope of the GDPR, prior to discussing the increased accountability of firms, focusing on data protection impact assessments, prior consultation and prior authorization, data protection officers, and data breach notifications. On the way, certain differences among the various versions of the GDPR prior to its adoption on these points will be discussed. Finally, incentives for compliance are highlighted.El nuevo Reglamento General de Protección de Datos de la UE (RGPD) crea obligaciones e incluye incentivos relacionados con la elaboración de mecanismos internos de cumplimiento que no existen en la legislación vigente. Estas obligaciones, como las de designar a un encargado de protección de datos, realizar una evaluación de impacto relacionada con la protección de datos o notificar una violación de datos personales, en algunos casos, tendrán un impacto en los procesos internos, así como en el manejo del personal de las empresas. De ese modo, van a obligar a estas últimas a revisar sus prácticas antes de la fecha de aplicación del RGPD en 2018. Este artículo expone inicialmente la ampliación del campo de aplicación territorial del RGPD, antes de discutir sobre el incremento de la responsabilidad de las empresas, y más específicamente, sobre las evaluaciones de impacto relativas a la protección de datos, la consulta y autorización previas, los encargados de protección de datos y las notificaciones de violación de datos personales. En este contexto, se mencionarán algunas divergencias entre las diferentes versiones preliminares del RGPD sobre estos puntos. Para concluir, se resaltarán ciertos elementos que alentarán a las empresas a cumplir con el RGPD.Le nouveau règlement général sur la protection des données dans l’UE (RGPD) fait naître des obligations et comprend des incitatifs liés à l’élaboration de mécanismes internes de conformité qui n’existent pas dans la législation actuelle. Ces obligations, telles que celles, dans certains cas, de désigner un délégué à la protection des données, de mener une analyse d’impact relative à la protection des données ou d’effectuer une notification d’une violation des données à caractère personnel, auront un impact sur les processus internes ainsi que sur l’organisation du personnel des entreprises. Ainsi, elles obligeront ces dernières à revoir leurs manières de faire d’ici la date de la mise en application du RGPD en 2018. Cet article expose d’abord le champ d’application territorial accru du RGPD, avant de discuter de la responsabilisation augmentée des entreprises et plus précisément des analyses d’impact relatives à la protection des données, de la consultation et de l’autorisation préalables, des délégués à la protection des données et des notifications d’une violation des données à caractère personnel. Ce faisant, certaines divergences entre les différentes versions préliminaires du RGPD sur ces points seront évoquées. Enfin, certains éléments qui inciteront les entreprises à se mettre en conformité avec le RGPD seront soulignés.O novo Regulamento Geral sobre a Proteção de Dados (RGPD) da UE estabelece obrigações e compreende incentivos ligados à elaboração de mecanismos internos de conformidade que não existem na legislação atual. Essas obrigações, tais como, em certos casos, as de designar um responsável pela proteção de dados, de realizar uma análise de impacto relativo à proteção dos dados ou de efetuar uma notificação de uma violação de dados de caráter pessoal, terão um impacto sobre os processos internos como também sobre a organização do pessoal das empresas. Assim, obrigarão estas últimas a se organizarem até a data de entrada em vigor do RGPD em 2018. Este artigo expõe primeiramente o campo de aplicação territorial ampliado do RGPD, antes de discutir a responsabilização aumentada das empresas e mais precisamente das análises de impacto relativas à proteção de dados, da consulta e da autorização prévias, dos responsáveis pela proteção de dados e das notificações de uma violação de dados de caráter pessoal. Durante a exposição, serão evocadas certas divergências entre as diferentes versões preliminares do RGPD sobre esses pontos. Por fim serão sublinhados certos elementos que incentivarão as empresas a se colocarem em conformidade com o RGPD.新的《欧盟一般数据保护条例》对当前立法中没有的内部合规机制做出了规定（以及部分激励机制）。这些规定，比如某些情况中，规定数据保护官开展数据保护影响评估，或者做出数据违规通知，将影响到公司的内部程序及人事管理，并且要求公司在该条例于2018年生效之前做好调整。本文首先阐述了该条例不断扩大的地域适用范围，然后探讨了不断增加的公司责任，尤其关注数据保护影响评估、事先征询与事先批准机制、数据保护官以及数据违规通知。其中，还会讨论该条例通过之前各种版本关于这个些问题的差异。最后，着重考查了合规激励机制
