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Accumulative vs. Appreciative Expressions of Materialism: Revising Materialism in Light of Polish Simplifiers and New Materialism
No full textInternational audienceAt a time when it is critically important to preserve natural resources and reduce the amount of man-made pollution, this article explores other potentials for materialism in today’s market economies. Based on a two-year ethnography in Poland, we learn from simplifiers who denounce current materialism—while remaining inside the market—about what materialism could potentially become (or already is). Our study shows that materialism can take on other less studied but more eco-friendly expressions. In particular, we highlight an alternate expression of materialism, which we call “appreciative materialism” (in contrast to “accumulative materialism”). Appreciative materialism still ascribes a great deal of importance to objects in the lives of consumers but does so through the voluntary non-possession and/or non-accumulation of these objects, as well as a caring ethics that extends to non-humans. These findings call not only for the refinement of scales to measure materialism but also for a revision of the role of materialism in our lives. They suggest that, in order to trigger more sustainable practices, policymakers and managers should put greater emphasis on appreciative materialism
Incubators’ coopetition strategy in the start-up incubation ecosystem
No full textInternational audienc
The Role of Digital Connectivity in Supply Chain and Logistics Systems: A Proposed SIMPLE Framework
No full textPart 2: Fourth Industrial RevolutionInternational audienceIndustry 4.0 and its related-cutting edge technologies are generating unprecedented changes and bringing complex challenges in practically all types of business. In this context, new concepts such as digital connectivity, interconnection, and interoperability emerged as highly disruptive approaches for logistics systems and supply chain management (SCM). To shed more light on these complexities and see how companies organized in a SCM model can adopt, implement and operate in a digital connectivity model, this study proposes a framework, namely SIMPLE. To develop the framework, we employed a literature review approach, focusing on recent studies published in journals. After the literature analysis, six dimensions related to digital connectivity in supply chains and logistics emerged, namely Smart, Innovative, Measurable, Profitable, Lean, and Excellence (SIMPLE). This framework brings opportunities for future studies, while providing important insights into the dynamics of digital connectivity in logistics and supply chains. Therefore, these SIMPLE framework dimensions should enable the actors involved in organizations’ operations to interact adequately and harmoniously so as to maximize the value generated in the network
The Effectiveness of Incubators’ Co-Opetition Strategy in the Entrepreneurial Ecosystem: Empirical Evidence From France
No full textInternational audienc
Network development and excess travel time
No full textInternational audienceWe study the impact of airlines network design on excess travel times for the main US carriers between 2008 and 2017 and find that network configuration affects excess travel time. Based on graph theory and a principal component analysis we build four continuous indicators to measure the airlines networks. We observe that airlines serving more destinations, organizing flights landings and take offs around banks or moving towards a point to point configuration present higher levels of excess travel time. However, there does not seem to exist a preferred network configuration between hub and spoke or point-to-point configuration to reduce excess travel time. We also find a nonlinear impact of competition measured at the city-pair level over excess travel time. These results are robust when analyzing observed delays rather than excess travel time
Measuring the development of airline networks: Comprehensive indicators
No full textInternational audienceThe literature on airlines presents few studies analyzing the airlines network evolution. We believe that this gap is due to the difficulty of capturing the network complexity in a simple manner. This paper proposes new simple and continuous indicators to measure the airlines’ network structure. The methodology to build them is based on graph theory and principal component analysis. We apply this approach to the US domestic market for 2005–2018, and obtain three network indicators. The first one measures how close the network is to a single-center structure. The second indicator measures the airline’s ability to provide alternative routes. The third indicator captures the network size. We analyze the indicators evolution across time and show their robustness under different scenarios
Is Political Empowerment Associated with Economic Empowerment? Evidence from Northern East Rural Tunisia
No full textInternational audienc
GDPR Compliance in Light of Heavier Sanctions to Come—at Least in Theory (Oxford Business Law Blog, 29 October 2020). https://www.law.ox.ac.uk/business-law-blog/blog/2020/10/gdpr-compliance-light-heavier-sanctions-come-least-theory
No full textIn this blog post the authors present their forthcoming article in the Santa Clara High Technology Law Journal (volume 37), "EU General Data Protection Regulation Sanctions in Theory and in Practice.
Twenty years of civil conflicts in Nigeria: spatial distribution, trends and actors
No full textConflicts are important factors in most economic decisions at global, national and sub-national levels. However , conflict activities data are most often aggregated at the national level, which does not match with the foundation theories of conflict, and thereby complicating empirical tests(3). Recently, large data collection projects came on board to collect disaggregated events-level conflict data in certain countries, and one of these is the Armed Conflict Events and Location Database (ACLED)(6). This data article describes micro-level conflict activities relating to Nigeria, which was extracted from the ACLED. Nigeria is known to have witnessed its fair share of civil conflicts among sub-Saharan African countries, which includes the first modern warfare in the subcontinent âĂŞ the Nigeria (versus Biafra) civil war (4). The large culturally and ethnically heterogeneous Nigerian population continues to generate latent frictions and manifest conflicts. In recent times, a number of deadly militias has sprang up within the country, notable among them are the Boko Haram and pastoral herders whose activities are recognised globally (5)
Flux transfrontaliers de données, le RGPD et la gouvernance des données (29 Wash. Int'l L.J. 485 (2020)
No full textInternational audienceToday, cross-border data flows are an important component of international trade and an element of digital service models. However, they are impeded by restrictions on cross-border personal data transfers and data localization legislation. This Article focuses primarily on these complexities and on the impact of the new European Union ("EU") legislation on personal data protection-the GDPR. First, this Article introduces its discussion of these flows by placing them in their economic and geopolitical setting, including a discussion of the results of a lack of international harmonization of law in the area. In this framework, rule overlap and rival standards are relevant. Once this situation is established, this Article turns to an analysis of the legal measures that have filled the gap left by the lack of international regulation and the failure to harmonize law: extraterritorial laws in the European Union (regional legislation) and the United States (state legislation);and data localization laws in China and Russia. Specific provisionsrestricting cross-border personal data transfers are detailed under EU legislation, as are the international agreements that have been invaluable in allowing flows between the United States and the European Union to continue—first the Safe Harbor, and now the Privacy Shield. Finally, in this context, the role of data governance is investigated, both in the context of data controllers’ accountability for the actions of other actors in global supplychains under EU law and under the Privacy Shield. Thus, this Article goes beyond the law itself, to place requirements in the context of the globalized business world of data flows, and to suggest ways that companies may improve their compliance position worldwide.Aujourd’hui, les flux transfrontaliers de données sont un élément important du commerce international et un élément des modèles de services numériques. Toutefois, elles sont entravées par des restrictions sur les transferts transfrontaliers de données à caractère personnel et la législation sur la localisation des données. Le présent article met principalement l’accent sur ces complexités et sur l’impact de la nouvelle législation de l’Union européenne (UE) sur la protection des données à caractère personnel - le RGPD. Tout d’abord, cet article présente sa discussion sur ces flux en les plaçant dans leur contexte économique et géopolitique, y compris une discussion sur les résultats d’un manque d’harmonisation internationale du droit dans le domaine. Dans ce cadre, le chevauchement des règles et les normes rivales sont pertinents. Une fois cette situation établie, cet article se tourne vers une analyse des mesures juridiques qui ont comblé le vide laissé par l’absence de réglementation internationale et l’absence d’harmonisation du droit : lois extraterritoriales dans l’Union européenne (législation régionale) et les États-Unis (législation des États); et lois sur la localisation des données en Chine et en Russie. Des dispositions spécifiques restreignant les transferts transfrontaliers de données à caractère personnel sont détaillées dans la législation de l’UE, de même que les accords internationaux qui ont été précieux pour permettre aux flux entre les États-Unis et l’Union européenne de continuer, d’abord la sphère de sécurité (Safe Harbor), et maintenant le bouclier de protection de la vie privée (Privacy Shield. Enfin, dans ce contexte, le rôle de la gouvernance des données est étudié, tant dans le contexte de la responsabilité des responsables du traitement pour les actions d’autres acteurs de l’offre mondiale en vertu du droit de l’UE et dans le cadre du Bouclier de protection de la vie privée (Privacy Shield). Ainsi, cet article va au-delà de la loi elle-même, pour placer des exigences dans le contexte du monde des affaires mondialisé des flux de données, et pour suggérer des moyens que les entreprises peuvent améliorer leur position de conformité dans le monde entier