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Big data as an exploration trigger or problem-solving patch: Design and integration of AI-embedded systems in the automotive industry
No full textInternational audienceIn traditional industries, such as the automotive industry, incumbents must draw on big data and artificial intelligence (AI) technologies by designing AI-embedded systems integrated into their end products. While such systems are predominantly presented as paving the way for new knowledge explorative approaches, traditional industry incumbents may face challenges integrating such disruptive technology in their optimized new product development processes. Hence, this study investigates the extent to which incumbents innovate through the design of AI-embedded systems—either via explorative or exploitative strategies—by focusing on the case of the automotive industry. It employed a sequential explanatory mixed-method design and a knowledge search theoretical framework. A quantitative analysis of 46,145 patents from the top 19 traditional companies to identify AI and non-AI patents revealed that firms primarily rely on knowledge exploitation when designing and integrating AI-embedded systems, surprisingly fostering innovativeness. Complementary qualitative insights reveal that big data and AI technologies are integrated into the industrialization phase of new vehicle development, per a creative problem-solving patch. Notably, this study’s findings reveal the technical and organizational challenges limiting data-driven innovation, thereby paving a way for more technologically original innovation with big data and AI
How Using Parental Control Software Can Enhance Parents’ Well-Being: The Role of Product Features on Parental Efficacy and Stress
No full textInternational audienceToday, children's smartphone overuse and digital addiction are among parents’ top concerns. To address this issue, technology firms have developed services to help parents monitor their children's screen time. The literature on the impact of parental control tends to focus on the well-being of children, often overlooking the effects of parenting control on the well-being of parents themselves. This research investigates the psychological outcomes associated with delegating parental control to software. The authors conducted two surveys and three experiments among samples of parents in France and the United Kingdom. The results show that resorting to digitally assisted control improves anticipated well-being by decreasing role overload and increasing parental efficacy (Study 1). Moreover, product features play a critical role: software designs that promote children's autonomy (Study 2) or product autonomy (Study 3) tend to be less effective in improving parents’ anticipated well-being. Implications for technology companies are discussed
Outils de comptabilité de gestion environnementale : une étude des facteurs de sophistication et de satisfaction dans les PME françaises
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Methods and tools for optimising supply chains modelled as mixed-integer bilevel programming problems
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Hustle and Influence: The Dynamics of Illicit Small Business and Political Connections
No full textInternational audiencePurpose: This study aims to explore the political dimension of social network theory and assess how these connections motivate entrepreneurial activity and enhance postentry stages. The authors take an individualistic approach to the topic of institutional deterioration by uncovering the potential opportunities it can create, as entrepreneurship often arises when a market opportunity is perceived. Design/methodology/approach: This study used a quantitative approach, using a self-selection sampling method to target private entities that own electric generators (also known as ``illicit SMEs'') who are providing electricity services to the community despite the deterioration of the public energy sector in Lebanon. Data was collected through a survey administered electronically to 230 illicit SMEs, using a judgmental sampling method to ensure representation from all Lebanese governorates. The collected data was analyzed using ordinal least squares regression models. Findings: The findings indicate a significant relationship between institutional deterioration and the reinvestment rate of entrepreneurs, with the moderating effect of political connections suggesting that the impact of institutional deterioration is dependent on the strength of an entrepreneur's political connections. Practical implications: The research findings demonstrate the significant influence of social ties and political connections on entrepreneurial activities, particularly in the context of SMEs that are providing services ``illegally''. These results shed light on the importance of considering the role of social and political factors in the success and sustainability of entrepreneurial ventures operating in challenging environments. Originality/value: Entrepreneurial studies typically focus on free market platforms and supply-demand associations, assuming perfect government conditions. However, this study differs from previous research by highlighting the positive impact of social ties on entrepreneurial market access within a socially linked environment. The findings suggest the importance of considering social connections in entrepreneurial studies, particularly in challenging economic and political contexts. \textcopyright 2023, Emerald Publishing Limited
How export shocks corrupt: Theory and evidence
No full textInternational audienceCorruption is an important topic for governments and economics. A widely held belief is that exposure to international trade helps reducing corruption. In this article we show through theory and evidence that the relationship between trade and corruption is more nuanced. We show that firm level corruption actually increases when exports experience booms or busts. The reason is that export booms result in stronger incentives to favor production rather than corruption in low export settings, and vice versa in high export settings. Consequently, export busts when exports are very low, and export booms when exports are high, lead both to higher corruption. We corroborate these findings with an extensive database of some 45,000 firms from 72 developing and transition economies, surveyed over 2006-2017. We also confirm the corruption-deterrent effect of institutional quality
Outsourcing horizontally differentiated tasks under asymmetric information
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Top Level Aircraft Requirements relaxation for a single-aisle aircraft: a case study on fleet-wide CO2 emissions and economic impacts
No full textInternational audienceReducing aviation climate impact is a priority for the stakeholders of the sector, but doing so requires increased investments and progress in aircraft technology, low-carbon fuels, and operations. Aircraft are generally very versatile, leading to missions that are far from the ones they have been designed and optimized for. A potential lever for CO2 reduction in aviation is to have an overall fleet that is better tailored and optimized for the needs of the air transport system. Aircraft are generally designed with a set of top-level aircraft requirements to ensure they match operational constraints. This paper proposes to relax these requirements to assess the effects of lower-range, slower and modified payload aircraft, and evaluate the potential gains for the air transport system. Per-passenger and kilometer fuel burn and operating costs of several modified aircraft are compared with a baseline aircraft using a payload-range response surface. It allows a quick estimation of any mission fuel burn and operating cost. United States-wide operations emissions abatement potential is assessed by replacing the reference fleet with the newly designed aircraft when it is more efficient. Marginal fuel burn gains of 6 % are found when a shorter-range aircraft is designed. An illustrative slower open-rotor aircraft would not significantly increase its operating costs. Increasing the capacity offers both cost and fuel burn reductions but decreases the operating versatility.<br /
The SMEs' Journey to Industry 4.0: A Call for More IS Studies
No full textInternational audienceAlthough I4.0 is becoming one of the hottest topic in both management literature and industry, it is less explored in IS research, where digital transformation is nevertheless widely discussed. One must also notice here that, current I4.0 studies are less interested in the needs of SMEs to benefit from this digital phenomenon, in contrast to the extensive research on large organizations. In this introductory essay, we highlight these important gaps and call for more research that can address them together. We begin with a conceptual clarification of the I4.0 concept. We first emphasize that it should no longer be limited to manufacturing settings. We also explain that it should not be confused with the concept of digital transformation. Finally, we outline five research avenues that we believe are important to consider when studying the needs of SMEs with respect to I4.0 in the IS field: open and business model innovation powered by I4.0, success of I4.0, vulnerabilities associated with I4.0, well-being issues and sustainability powered by I4.0.Même si l’I4.0 devient un des plu importants sujets d’actualité, tant pour la recherche en sciences de gestion que pour l’industrie, il le concept est moins exploré en systèmes d’information, où la transformation numérique est pourtant largement évoquée. De plus, les études actuelles sur l’I4.0 s’intéressent moins aux besoins des PMEs pour privilégier les grandes organisations. Dans cet essai introductif, nous soulignons ces importantes lacunes et appelons à davantage de recherches capables de les étudier ensemble. Nous commençons ainsi par une clarification conceptuelle du concept I4.0. Nous soulignons notamment qu’il ne faut plus le limiter aux paramètres de fabrication. De plus, nous expliquons qu’il ne faut pas le confondre avec le concept de transformation numérique. Enfin, nous décrivons cinq pistes de recherche qui nous semblent importantes à considérer lors de l’étude des besoins des PME en matière d’I4.0 dans le domaine des SI : l’innovation du modèle d’affaire propulsée par I4.0, la mesure du succès de I4.0, les vulnérabilités associées à I4.0, les enjeux de bien-être et enfin la durabilité propulsée par I4.0