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Compilation of an open-source traffic and CO2 emissions dataset for commercial aviation
No full textInternational audienceThe study of the environmental transition of the aviation sector calls for prospective traffic scenarios. Detailed traffic and emissions inventories are often needed to refine the available analyses and to enable the simulation of regionalised scenarios. In the past studies, these are generally based on commercial, proprietary traffic data, making their dissemination problematic and reducing the reproducibility of the science produced. Open-source alternatives do exist, but with limited geographical coverage. This paper presents a method to aggregate different sources of flight information, in order to obtain an open-sourceair traffic dataset for 2019. Then, missing flight information is identified and completed using an airline route database built from Wikipedia parsing and related socio-economic data. After that, several referencedatasets are used to evaluate the accuracy of the extended open-source dataset. Despite varying accuracy for different routes, major traffic flows are reasonably well estimated at the country and continental levels. Finally, the CO2 emissions are obtained using an existing aircraft performance surrogate model, and the accuracies are examined compared to the results from previous studies.<br /
Advances in entrepreneurial ecosystem and places: time, space and context
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The Moderating Effect of Family Firm on SME Innovativeness and Internationalization
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Guest Editorial: Digital Transformation in Supply Chains: Challenges, Strategies and Implementations
No full textIs Digital Transformation Equally Attractive to All Manufacturers? Contextualizing the Operational and Customer Benefits of Smart Manufacturing
No full textInternational audiencePurpose: The implementation of Smart Manufacturing (SM) is deemed a key enabler in the enhancement of manufacturing competitiveness and performance. Nevertheless, SM's repercussion on consumer perceptions and the contextualization of SM's performance-enhancement effects remain undetermined and have yet to be clarified. This study analyzes the effect of SM on operational and customer performance. Moreover, this study explores how these relationships change depending on a firm's geography of production (i.e. national/local vs transnational operations) and the relational arrangement adopted (i.e. service-oriented vs transaction-oriented manufacturers). Design/methodology/approach: This research surveys 351 Spanish manufacturing firms operating in an SM environment. The theoretical framework comprises a Multiple-Indicators Multiple-Causes (MIMIC) model and is tested using a Generalized Structural Equations Model. Findings: The results obtained substantiate the positive effect of SM implementation on both of the performance measures analyzed (i.e. operational and customer focused). Moreover, the study reveals that while geography of production moderates the effect on a firm's operational performance, relational arrangement also does so in terms of customer performance. Originality/value: This research clearly differentiates the benefits of SM depending on business context. In this regard, transnational production firms tend to gain in operational performance while service-oriented manufacturers gain in customer performance. \textcopyright 2023, Emerald Publishing Limited
The Ship of Theseus: How do Practitioners Navigate between Brand Longevity and Brand Modernity?
No full textInternational audienceBrands grow older and continuously need to adjust their positioning, with consequences on the way they look. Brand managers collaborate with designers and often expects them to show both the longevity and the modernity of the brand. While this paradoxical request is well-known of practitioners, there is little research about the way this redesign process happens. The present research is exploratory and focuses on the way designers and marketers practice the redesign of existing FMGC brands. Mixing experts interviews, content analysis, and a large survey of professionals, the research suggests the existence of 5 prototypical situations of redesign with their corresponding design practices. Suggestions for further extension of this on-going research are formulated for discussion.Les marques vieillissent et ont continuellement besoin de retravailler leur positionnement, ce qui a des conséquences sur leur design visuel. Les managers de marque collaborent avec des designers et attendent souvent d’eux qu’ils puissent visuellement concilier la longévité et la modernité de la marque. Alors que cette demande paradoxale est bien connue des praticiens, il y a peu de recherche sur la manière dont le processus de redesign se passe. Notre recherche est exploratoire et s’intéresse à la manière dont les designers et les marketeurs pratiquent le redesign des marques de grande consommation. Mobilisant des entretiens d’experts, de l’analyse de contenu et une enquête par questionnaire de professionnels, la recherche suggère qu’il existe 5 situations de redesign prototypiques avec des pratiques de design correspondantes. Des suggestions sont formulées pour l’extension de cette recherche en cours
Improving scale adaptation practices in information systems research: Development and validation of a cognitive validity assessment method
No full textInternational audienceScale adaptation, where authors alter the wording of an already published scale, is a deeply rooted social practice in IS research. This paper argues that the time is ripe to question this activity as well as the beliefs that have progressively formed around it. We identify and challenge five fallacious scale adaptation beliefs that hinder the development of more robust measure development norms. Contributing to this area of research, this paper offers a conceptual definition of the cognitive validity concept, defined as the extent to which a scale is free of problematic item characteristics (PICs) that bias the survey response process and subsequent empirical results. Building on this conceptualization effort, a new methodological process for assessing the cognitive validity of adapted IS measures is introduced. Through a series of three programmatic studies, we find converging evidence that the method can benefit the IS field by making the scale adaptation process more robust, transparent, and consistent. Along with the method, we introduce a new index that IS scholars can use to benchmark the cognitive quality of their scales against venerable IS measures. We discuss the implications of our work for IS research (including detailed implementation guidelines) and provide directions for future research on measurement in IS
Talent management in German multinational firms in China: the role of headquarters-subsidiary relations
No full textInternational audienceDespite the bourgeoning interest in talent management (TM) in the last two decades, limited research has been carried out to understand the diffusion of TM strategies and practices from home-country headquarters to their subsidiaries in host countries. Furthermore, extant firm-level research on TM tends to neglect the role of the macro-level context, particularly in emerging economies where talent shortage is acute and their institutional distance is large, with headquarters in developed countries. This study fills these knowledge gaps by exploring the TM of German multinational corporations (MNCs) and their subsidiaries in China. Drawing on qualitative data collected from 42 semi-structured interviews with senior managers, human resource professionals, and operations managers from six German MNCs and their subsidiaries in China, the study uncovers headquarters-subsidiary relations. We identify a portfolio of what we refer to as ‘institutional shapers’ and develop a model for future research. This study contributes to extant knowledge by contextualizing multi-level TM shapers from an institutional cultural perspective, supported by cross-country empirical data based on informant triangulation
Cost estimation of the use of low-carbon fuels in prospective scenarios for air transport
No full textInternational audienceUsing low-carbon energies is a major lever to reduce the CO2 emissions of aviation. Some low-carbon energy carriers consist in fuels that are drop-in and require few modifications to current aircraft, like biofuels and electrofuels. Hydrogen is another low-carbon fuel that would be relevant in the long term only since it requires significant aircraft modifications (non-drop-in fuel). In both cases, several production pathways exist with radically different impacts in terms of cost of production and life-cycle CO2 emissions. Literature is already exhaustive on prospective decarbonization scenarios for aviation and low-carbon fuel production cost estimates. In this paper, an open-source simulation framework named CAST is enhanced by a module that links low-carbon fuels production cost to their respective consumption in given scenarios. Hence, the cost of a custom decarbonization scenario is evaluated. Results show that the cost of the integration of low-carbon fuels in this scenario would represent around 40 % of airlines revenues in 2050, while the energy demand growth would necessitate important capital investments, regularly increasing to 130 Bn e in 2050. A sensitivity analysis shows that these cost estimates are subject to large uncertainties.<br /
Pour une modélisation de l’écosystème entrepreneurial sous forme de sous-écosystèmes : Apport de l’approche des systèmes complexes adaptatifs
No full textInternational audienceWhile the entrepreneurial ecosystem (EE) is a rapidly developing concept, the academic literature highlights the lack of theoretical and methodological frameworks. This paper aims to address this by proposing a dynamic modeling in the form of sub-ecosystems. We enrich the literature on complex adaptive systems by introducing the notions of quasi-decomposability and redundancy dear to Simon. We revisit EA from a conceptual grid combining structural and dynamic reading. Our exploratory and illustrative empirical study shows how the subecosystems and their interactions have contributed to the entrepreneurial dynamics in the Montpellier area. This article thus reinforces the theorization of EE and formulates useful recommendations for policy makers in the design of their entrepreneurship policy.Alors que l’écosystème entrepreneurial (EE) est un concept en plein développement, la littérature souligne le manque de cadres théoriques et méthodologiques. Cet article vise à y répondre en proposant une modélisation dynamique sous forme de sous-écosystèmes. Nous enrichissons la littérature sur les systèmes complexes adaptatifs, en introduisant les notions de quasi-décomposabilité et de redondance chères à Simon. Nous revisitons l’EE à partir d’une grille conceptuelle combinant lecture structurelle et dynamique. Notre étude empirique exploratoire et illustrative montre comment les sous-écosystèmes et leurs interactions ont contribué à la dynamique entrepreneuriale dans le territoire de Montpellier. Cet article permet de renforcer la théorisation de l’EE et de formuler des préconisations utiles pour les décideurs politiques dans la conception de leur politique d’entrepreneuriat