Portail HAL de TBS Education
Not a member yet
594 research outputs found
Sort by
Infection vulnerability stratification risk modelling of COVID-19 data : a deterministic SEIR epidemic model analysis
No full textInternational audienceBasic Susceptible-Exposed-Infectious-Removed (SEIR) models of COVID-19 dynamics tend to be excessively pessimistic due to high basic reproduction values, which result in overestimations of cases of infection and death. We propose an extended SEIR model and daily data of COVID-19 cases in the U.S. and the seven largest European countries to forecast possible pandemic dynamics by investigating the effects of infection vulnerability stratification and measures on preventing the spread of infection. We assume that (i) the number of cases would be underestimated at the beginning of a new virus pandemic due to the lack of effective diagnostic methods and (ii) people more susceptible to infection are more likely to become infected; whereas during the later stages, the chances of infection among others will be reduced, thereby potentially leading to pandemic cessation. Based on infection vulnerability stratification, we demonstrate effects brought by the fraction of infected persons in the population at the start of pandemic deceleration on the cumulative fraction of the infected population. We interestingly show that moderate and long-lasting preventive measures are more effective than more rigid measures, which tend to be eventually loosened or abandoned due to economic losses, delay the peak of infection and fail to reduce the total number of cases. Our calculations relate the pandemic’s second wave to high seasonal fluctuations and a low vulnerability stratification coefficient. Our characterisation of basic reproduction dynamics indicates that second wave of the pandemic is likely to first occur in Germany, Spain, France, and Italy, and a second wave is also possible in the U.K. and the U.S. Our findings show that even if the total elimination of the virus is impossible, the total number of infected people can be reduced during the deceleration stage.<br /
Early-career academic engagement in university–industry collaborative PhDs: Research orientation and project performance
No full textInternational audienceAcademic engagement with industry is a well-researched topic. However, research has focused on scholars in traditional university departments, overlooking more hybrid research contexts such as the growing trend of PhD students and their supervisors engaging in collaborative research projects with industry during their training. To address this gap, this study explores the early-career academic engagement of PhD students in university-industry collaborative research projects. It particularly focuses on research orientation and its association with scientific and inventive yield. Drawing on Stokes' (1997) framework, the study investigates the extent to which the research orientation (basic research, applied research, and user-inspired fundamental research) is associated with scientific and inventive yield. The study is based on a review of 631 collaborative PhD projects with industry completed in France in 2018 through a national programme (CIFRE). It finds that the three research orientations are associated with different levels of scientific and inventive yields. While basic research is the most common orientation across the sample, the rarest, user-inspired fundamental research, is associated with the highest scientific and inventive yield. Moreover, the study highlights the critical role of PhD students' taste for science or industry (and the potential change in this taste during the project) in the association between research orientation and projects' yields. Overall, this study sheds light on an understudied area of academic engagement and highlights the significance of considering research orientation and students' taste for science or industry when developing university-industry collaborations. This has implications for PhD supervisors, PhD students, their industrial partners, and policymakers
Adaptation d'échelles de mesure en Systèmes d'Information et leurs implications pratiques
No full textInternational audienceScale adaptation refers to the process of changing something about a scale, such as: alter item wording, modify the target referent, revisit the type and number of anchor points, or modify the size of a scale. Scale adaptation has been a widespread practice in Management Information Systems (MIS) research since its very early days and is especially prevalent in MIS research due to the need to maintain a close alignment between a construct’s definition, its measurement, and the rapidly evolving contemporary Information Technology or behavioural contexts. In this paper, we challenge the established methodological assumption that scale adaptation is a harmless practice that ultimately leads to the betterment of existing scales. We explore the practices of scale adaptation in the MIS discipline, looking a the Trust scales, we contribute to the conceptualization of these practices and we provide some recommendations regarding the identified ones.L'adaptation d'échelles fait référence au processus de changement d'un élément d'une échelle, tel que : modifier la formulation des phrases, revoir le type et le nombre de points d'ancrage, ou modifier la taille d'une échelle. L'adaptation des échelles est une pratique répandue en Systèmes d'Information (SI) depuis ses débuts et est particulièrement curant dans la recherche en SI en raison de la nécessité de maintenir un alignement étroit entre les concepts et leurs mesures, d'une part, et les contextes d'usage des SI qui évoluent rapidement. Dans cet article, nous remettons en question le présupposé méthodologique établi dans notre communauté SI, selon lequel l'adaptation d'échelles est une pratique inoffensive qui conduit finalement à l'amélioration des échelles existantes. Nous explorons les pratiques d'adaptation d'échelles dans la discipline SI, en examinant les échelles de mesure de la confiance, et nous contribuons à la conceptualisation de ces pratiques et nous avançons quelques recommandations concernant les pratiques identifiées
Atteindre l’objectif de neutralité carbone en 2050, une gageure pour les entreprises françaises ?
No full textInternational audienceThe objective of carbon neutrality has become unavoidable for governments and organizations alike, and it also concerns individuals. In this paper, we focus on the case of French industrial companies of the CAC 40. First, we show that, overall, French managers are quite skeptical about the ability of companies to reach the set targets. We then compare (for CAC 40 industrial companies) the reality of carbon intensities with commitments on the subject of GHG emissions as expressed in the extra-financial performance declarations (henceforth EPR). Our results show that “good performers” and “bad performers” (in terms of carbon intensity) do not communicate in the same way, and that generally speaking, “bad performers” have a more detailed and slightly longer disclosure based on rhetorical presentations, whereas “good performers” communicate better, i.e., they provide a more complete disclosure of the elements contained in the chosen benchmark.L’objectif de neutralité carbone est devenu incontournable pour les États comme pour les organisations, il concerne également les individus. Nous nous attachons dans cette communication à étudier le cas des entreprises industrielles françaises du CAC 40. Dans un premier temps, nous montrons que globalement les dirigeants français sont assez sceptiques sur la capacité des entreprises d’atteindre les objectifs fixés. Nous comparons ensuite (pour les entreprises industrielles du CAC 40) la réalité des intensités carbone aux engagements sur le sujet des émissions de GES tels qu’ils sont exprimés dans les déclarations de performance extra-financières (désormais DPEF). Nos résultats montrent que les « entreprises à faible intensité carbone » et les « entreprises à forte intensité carbone » ne communiquent pas de façon identique et que généralement les « entreprises à forte intensité carbone » ont une divulgation plus détaillée et légèrement plus longue s’appuyant sur des exposés rhétoriques alors que les « entreprises à faible intensité carbone » communiquent mieux, c’est-à-dire qu’elles donnent de façon plus complète les éléments que contient le référentiel retenu
Resilience and entrepreneurial decision-making: the heterogeneity among Italian innovative start-ups
No full textInternational audienc
The improvisational arc: A sensemaking perspective
No full textInternational audienceOrganizational improvisation is often enacted as a response to an unexpected disruption or sudden change, comprising an integral element of sensemaking. When the improvisational trigger occurs, several processes are set off which may also comprise several periods of the improvisational process. In this chapter. we identify three periods that fall within the framework of influence of the improvisational process which, as a whole, we termed the improvisational arc. Each of these periods corresponds to a different phase of improvisational sensemaking. Right after the trigger, organizational agents have to ponder the potential improvisation and decide on its implementation. This improvisation decision period corresponds to the improvisational decision sensemaking phase. Once the decision is made, the improvisation period begins, which corresponds to the improvisational action sensemaking phase. When improvisation ends, a period of improvisation aftermath is initiated, which corresponds to the improvisational retrospective sensemaking phase. Based on Weick's theory of sensemaking (1995), this chapter addresses the different characteristics associated with the different phases of the improvisational sensemaking process along the improvisational arc. The chapter contributes to the improvisation and sensemaking literatures. By taking the perspective of the seven characteristics of sensemaking proposed by Weick, it allows for an in-depth look at the different periods of the improvisational arc in order to better understand how the meaning of emergent reality is constructed, and how this construction takes various forms throughout the different phases of improvisational sensemaking
Winning Hearts and Minds: The Charismatic Leader's Role in SME Productivity
No full textInternational audiencePurpose: This study focuses on exploring charismatic leadership within Lebanese Information Technology (IT) small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and its influence on productivity. Through an in-depth analysis of the charismatic qualities and behaviors exhibited by leaders in these organizations, this research aims to delineate how such attributes may shape productivity levels. This study aims to deepen our understanding of leadership dynamics within the context of Lebanese IT SMEs, providing essential insights that can contribute to the enhancement of organizational performance and success. Design/methodology/approach: This fundamental research used a quantitative approach and a purposive sampling method to select 342 Lebanese IT SMEs for primary data collection through a survey. Statistical regression analysis was then applied to treat the collected data. Findings: The findings of this study reveal a positive correlation between charismatic leadership and increased innovation behavior among group or board members. This correlation can be strengthened by fostering a sense of ownership toward innovation and by ensuring a healthy work-life balance. Furthermore, the creation of an environment that emphasizes open communication and trust can enhance this correlation. Practical implications: The implications of these findings are significant for organizations seeking to enhance their innovation capabilities. They suggest that investing in the development of charismatic leadership skills can be a valuable strategy for fostering innovation and creativity. Originality/value: This study offers a unique and practical assessment of the role that charismatic leadership plays in maintaining resilient firm structures, especially during periods of political and economic instability. \textcopyright 2023, Emerald Publishing Limited
Chapitre 12 : Un programme doctoral hors-les-murs : le cas du CEFAG
No full textInternational audienceSi de nombreux supports d’accompagnement méthodologique existent, l’expérience de la thèse en elle-même est finalement peu documentée. Il s’agit ici de proposer un ensemble de contributions comme autant de retours d’expériences de la thèse par des jeunes docteurs.Cet ouvrage interroge à la fois l’idée même de faire une thèse, les difficultés à définir un sujet qui contribuera à la fois à la connaissance théorique et permettra de dégager des implications managériales actionnables. Il met en perspective les questionnements partagés par de nombreux doctorants ou futurs doctorants concernant la collecte et l’analyse de données, mais aussi l’entrée en communauté du chercheur. Il illustre ces thèmes par des retours d’expériences, sans pour autant renoncer à l’effort de conceptualisation qui permet de dépasser le simple statut de récit.Loin d’encourager à la standardisation des manuscrits de thèse, il invite à penser la diversité des approches et la pluralité de leurs finalités
