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Multiscale physiological responses to organic and inorganic pollution in the invasive mosquitofish Gambusia holbrooki
No full textInternational audienceAnthropic activities often lead to the contamination of freshwater ecosystems by organic and inorganic pollutants with potential deleterious effects on wildlife health. However, some species such as the invasive mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki) can thrive in such polluted habitats, but the underpinning mechanisms are still unknown. The aim of this study was to characterize the physiological responses of mosquitofish living along different pollution gradients in the south of France. Eleven sites were selected according to various levels of pollutants in the water (pesticides, pharmaceuticals) and in mosquitofish tissue (PAHs, PBDEs, PCBs, organochlorines, metals). The level of the different pollutants varied among sites resulting in contrasted pollution gradients. The biological response of mosquitofish was measured using biomarkers of biotransformation, oxidative status, neurotoxicity and histopathological alteration in gills and liver. Muscle lipids, hepatosomatic condition, body condition and reproductive status were also measured. We used a Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) approach to characterize the direct and indirect effects of pollutants across biological levels. Results showed that high levels of POPs and metals affected biotransformation processes in both sexes, as well as non-enzymatic antioxidants level and resulted in gill histopathological alterations in females. In addition, pesticides increased the energetic demand reflected by reduced lipid storage in females and hepatosomatic condition in males. Interestingly, responses to pollution varied among sexes since females responded to a broader range of pollutant types than males. This study highlights some of the key traits underlying the tolerance to pollution of the mosquitofish, which could partly explain their invasive success in polluted ecosystems
Les tiques des équidés en France métropolitaine et risques associés
No full textInternational audienc
Hyaluronan composite bioink preserves nucleus pulposus cell phenotype in a stiffness-dependent manner
No full textInternational audienceIntervertebral disc degeneration is a major cause of neck and back pain, representing a significant global socioeconomic burden. The polysaccharide hyaluronan is key to maintaining disc physiology and mediating disc disease through its structural and biological roles in the nucleus pulposus, a component of the intervertebral disc highly susceptible to degeneration. In this study, we introduce a novel composite bioink designed for extrusion bioprinting of structures resembling the nucleus pulposus. Our bioink combines levels of hyaluronic acid and collagen that approach physiological concentrations and effectively mimics the disc's hydrated and mechanically resilient environment. We modulated the composite's mechanical properties through the tyramination of hyaluronic acid and subsequent photocrosslinking, influencing morphology and gene expression of embedded bovine nucleus pulposus cells. This allows us to replicate a range of properties from healthy to degenerated human nucleus pulposus, which would be challenging to achieve with traditional cell culture and in vivo models. Our results show that modulating hyaluronan physico-chemical properties influenced embedded cell phenotype. The outcomes of this study inform the future design of biomaterials for the modeling of disc disease and regeneration, and present a versatile platform that can be readily integrated with other biofabricated components to form engineered intervertebral disc-like structures
Combining mass spectrometric platforms for lipidome investigation - Application to the characterisation of disruptions in the lipid profile of pig serum upon β-agonist treatment
No full textIn the last decade, many mass spectrometric fingerprinting methods dedicated to lipidomics have been proposed: either non-targeted approaches, coupled with annotation methods, or targeted strategies, aiming at specifically monitoring a limited number of substances.In a general public health perspective and through a strategy combining non-targeted and targeted lipidomics MS-based approaches, this study aims at identifying disrupted patterns in serum lipidome upon growth promoter treatment in pig and evaluating the relative contributions of the three platforms involved.Pig serum samples collected during an animal experiment involving control and treated animals, whose food had been supplemented with ractopamine, were extracted and characterised using three MS strategies: Non-targeted RP LC-HRMS; the targeted Lipidyzer™ platform (differential ion mobility associated with shotgun lipidomics) and a homemade LC-HRMS triglyceride platform.The three different platforms showed complementarity insight into lipid characterisation, which, applied to a selected set of samples, enabled highlighting specific lipid profile patterns involving various lipid classes, mainly in relation with cholesterol esters, sphingomyelins, lactosylceramide, phosphatidylcholines and triglycerides.Thanks to the combination of both non-targeted and targeted MS approaches, the exploration of various compartments of the pig serum lipidome could be performed, including commonly characterised lipids (Lipidyzer™), triglyceride isomers (Triglyceride platform) -whose accurate analysis was considered an analytical challenge, and unique lipid features (non-targeted LC-HRMS). Thanks to their respective characteristics, the complementarity of the three tools could be demonstrated for public health purposes, with enhanced lipidome coverage, level of characterisation and applicability
Les photo-bioréacteurs à membranes immergées pour la culture de microalgues et l'extraction de leurs composés extracellulaires
No full textInternational audienceLes photo-bioréacteurs à membranes immergées pour la culture de microalgues et l'extraction de leurs composés extracellulaire
Lidocaïne versus Procaïne ? Comparaison et résultats d'étude efficacité
No full textInternational audienc
Galopeurs : prévenir les blessures grâce à la métabolomique ?
No full textNational audienceLes lésions musculosquelettiques sont un enjeu majeur dans les courses d’obstacles, impactant le bien-être des chevaux, la sécurité des jockeys et l’économie. Souvent issues d’une dégradation progressive des tissus, elles précèdent généralement la manifestation clinique. Identifier des biomarqueurs sanguins précoces permettrait d’anticiper ces lésions et d’adapter les entraînements pour limiter le risque d’apparition des blessures. Une étude longitudinale, menée sur 164 chevaux pendant 18 mois, a exploré la métabolomique non ciblée pour identifier ces marqueurs. Les chevaux ayant présenté des fractures (n = 7) ou des tendinites (n = 6) ont été comparés à des contrôles appariés. L’analyse métabolomique a mis en évidence plusieurs molécules potentiellement discriminantes, surtout pour les tendinites, malgré une forte influence des conditions environnementales. Bien que l’identification précise de ces molécules reste à réaliser, ces résultats ouvrent la voie à des études ciblées. Cette approche pourrait aider les entraîneurs et vétérinaires à adapter les entraînements en vue de réduire le risque de blessures chez les chevaux de course d’obstacles
Consequences of regular access to an outdoor paddock for the health and performance of finishing pigs raised in a conventional farm
No full textInternational audienc
First confirmed case of ovine neosporosis associated with fetal death in Greece
No full textInternational audienceThe role of Neospora caninum in ovine reproductive failures is often neglected. This study documents the first confirmed case of ovine neosporosis in Greece associated with fetal death. The investigation was prompted by reproduction problems on a farm raising Lacaune and Lacaune x Assaf dairy sheep in Northern Greece. A reduction in conception rate from 90 % to 85 % and increased incidence of embryonic losses and pyometras were recorded. During the investigation, an ewe with ultrasound (U/S)-diagnosed fetal death was blood sampled. Serology showed the presence of anti-N. caninum IgG serum antibodies using ELISA. Molecular testing for 10 common abortifacient agents resulted positive only for N. caninum DNA in the embryo’s placentomes and brain. Histopathological and immunohistochemical examination of the placentomes further confirmed N. caninum as the causative agent. Our findings suggest that N. caninum infections in sheep may be underdiagnosed, emphasizing the need for veterinarians to include ovine neosporosis in their differential diagnosis of reproductive failure
An updated overview of orthognathic surgery practices in France
No full textInternational audienceIntroduction: Orthognathic surgery is a fundamental component of a maxillofacial surgeon's practice. In France, 510 specialists actively practice oral and maxillofacial surgery. In OMFs, despite the existence of evidence-based recommendation that address diagnosis, treatment planning, and operating methods, each surgeon/institution has developed an individual approach towards clinical management. This study comprehensively overviews the current practices of French orthognathic surgeons.Methods: A questionnaire was electronically sent to 500 oral and maxillofacial surgeons in France, some of whom practiced orthognathic surgery and some of whom did not. The answers were anonymous.Results: We obtained 52 responses. With consensus on 12 of the practical, economic, and peri-operative questions. We didn't find difference on any topics where the surgeon has his residence or the age of the surgeon. Management and correction of occlusal disorders were the primary indications for osteotomy. Of all responders, 42 % were in private practice. Both virtual and conventional planning methods were used, with no clear preference for either method. During bimaxillary surgery, 76 % of surgeons initially osteotomised and stabilised the maxilla; 69 % used an intermediate splint. ERAS protocols are not used.Conclusion: This study is an update and it provides new information compared a 2002 report on orthognathic surgery in France. It highlights a consensus on conventional planning but no significant influence from academic centers, age, or experience on surgical practices. New technologies and ERAS protocols are underused despite their benefits for safer surgeries. There is a lack of standardized procedures, leading to varied practices despite a national teaching program. More data and practitioner involvement are needed to develop French and European guidelines