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Tobacco cessation education through peer-to-peer role-playing: implications for dental students’ future clinical practice. A pilot study
No full textInternational audienceObjectives: To assess the impact of a course incorporating role-playing on undergraduate dental students' satisfaction, knowledge, and attitudes toward tobacco cessation counseling. Methods: A pilot study was conducted at a French dental school between September 2022 and March 2023. Overall, 28 fourth-and fifth-year dental students participated in a three-step course on tobacco cessation counseling which included a theoretical component and role-playing sessions. Kirkpatrick's four-level model was used to assess educational outcomes immediately after the theoretical course (levels 1 and 2) and 6 months later (levels 3 and 4). Results: The level 1 evaluation showed that most students were satisfied with the course (mean score: 4.7/5) and would use their knowledge in their future practice. For level 2, knowledge was significantly increased (+ 36.7%) following the course and was maintained at 6 months (p=0.015). Levels 3 and 4 assessed clinical behaviour and practice regarding tobacco cessation counselling and showed a significant increase in counseling (+28.7%) and in the prescription of tobacco substitutes (+ 48.6%) at 6 months (p=0.042 and 0.041, respectively). Conclusions: The study demonstrated the effectiveness of a role-playing-based course in terms of satisfaction, knowledge, and clinical behavior toward tobacco cessation counselling with sustained knowledge retention over time
Structural mechanisms of cellulose-based nanocomposites mimicking the structure of articular cartilage under uniaxial compression probed by in situ SAXS
No full textInternational audienceA new method combining frontal ultrafiltration and ultrasound, followed by UV photocrosslinking enabled the fabrication of orthotropic CNC/PEGDA (poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate) nanocomposites with the structure of articular cartilage
Voyage au cœur de la synoviale : les nouvelles technologies spatiales pour la compréhension de sa physiopathologie
No full textInternational audienceThe synovium is essential for joint homeostasis, and its inflammation characterizes many rheumatic diseases. High-throughput transcriptomic approaches have enhanced the understanding of molecular pathways associated with synovial inflammation but do not allow for the analysis of cellular spatial distribution. Spatial biology, by mapping molecules within the tissues, offers a new dimension of analysis. In rheumatology, these technical approaches have identified cellular subtypes and their interactions, opening new perspectives for personalized medicine. However, several challenges related to costs and data management should be considered for their implementation in clinic. This review aims to provide an overview of current developments in spatial biology applied to rheumatic diseases.La membrane synoviale est essentielle dans l'homéostasie articulaire et son inflammation caractérise nombre de maladies rhumatismales. Jusqu'à présent, les approches de transcriptomique à haut débit conventionnelles ont amélioré notre compréhension des voies moléculaires associées à l'inflammation synoviale, mais ne permettent pas d'analyser la distribution spatiale des cellules. La biologie spatiale, permettant une cartographie précise des molécules dans leur contexte tissulaire, offre une nouvelle dimension d'information. En rhumatologie, ces techniques ont identifié des sous-types cellulaires et leurs interactions, promettant une médecine plus personnalisée. Cependant, des défis subsistent, notamment en termes de coûts et de gestion des données, notamment pour leur implémentation en clinique. Cette revue a pour but de fournir un tour d'horizon des développements actuels en biologie spatiale dans le domaine de la rhumatologie
Douleurs pelviennes associées à l’endométriose, conseils pour la pratique clinique. Un consensus formalisé d’experts par le CNGOF & Convergences PP
No full textInternational audienceObjective: To develop best practice guidelines under the auspices of the CNGOF and Convergences PP for the management of pain associated with endometriosis.Method: We organised a literature review and a formal expert consensus. A multidisciplinary steering committee composed of 14 healthcare professionals and 2 patient association representatives drafted an argument based on literature analysis, resulting in 7 proposed definitions and 59 best practice recommendations. These proposals were then submitted for review by 108 French healthcare professionals from various specialties and professions. The first two rounds of rating were conducted online between June 2024 and November 2024, followed by a final videoconference meeting in January 2025.Results: The participation rate was 68% in the first round (74/108) and 76% in the second round (56/74). In total, 3 definitions and 45 best practice recommendations were retained and distributed across 6 sections: 1) Definition; 2) Assessment of chronic pelvic pain associated with endometriosis; 3) Non-pharmacological management; 4) Pharmacological management; 5) Surgical management; 6) Communication, health education, and therapeutic education.Conclusion: This formal expert consensus process has enabled the development of definitions and best practice guidelines to assist healthcare professionals in managing patients suffering from pain associated with endometriosis, thereby promoting better screening, characterization of pain, and therapeutic management.Objectif Élaborer des conseils de bonne pratique sous l’égide du CNGOF et de Convergences PP pour la prise en charge des douleurs associées à l’endométriose.Méthode Ces conseils de bonne pratique ont été élaborés selon la méthode de consensus d’experts formalisée. Un comité de pilotage pluridisciplinaire composé de 14 professionnels de santé et de deux représentantes d’associations de patientes a rédigé, après analyse de la littérature, un argumentaire et proposé 7 définitions et 59 conseils de bonne pratique. Ces propositions ont été soumises à 108 professionnels de santé français exerçant diverses spécialités et professions. Les deux premiers tours de cotation ont été effectués en ligne entre juin 2024 et novembre 2024, puis une réunion finale en visioconférence s’est déroulée en janvier 2025.Résultats Le taux de participation a été de 68 % au premier tour (74/108) et de 76 % au second (56/74). Au total, 3 définitions et 45 conseils de bonne pratique ont été retenus et ont été répartis en 6 sections : 1) définition ; 2) bilan de la douleur pelvienne chronique associée à l’endométriose ; 3) prise en charge non médicamenteuse ; 4) prise en charge médicamenteuse ; 5) prise en charge chirurgicale ; 6) communication, éducation en santé et éducation thérapeutique.Conclusion Ce consensus formalisé d’experts a permis d’élaborer des définitions et conseils de bonne pratique pour aider la communication des professionnels de santé prenant en charge les patientes souffrant de douleurs associées à l’endométriose, favorisant ainsi un meilleur dépistage, une meilleure caractérisation des douleurs et une meilleure prise en charge thérapeutique
Les expositions chroniques au fluorure de sodium et un mélange de perturbateurs endocriniens causent des anomalies de l'émail dentaire et de la rétine associées à des changements du métabolisme hépatique
No full textInternational audienceExposure to environmental pollutants may contribute to various health disorders, often manifesting after a prolonged period of latency. The identification of early markers is, therefore, of paramount importance.To achieve this objective, realistic models of environmental exposure were set up. Whereas most studies consider one substance or mixture with one target organ, here, in addition to the liver, two easily accessible sensitive organs, the eyes and teeth, were analyzed as good potential candidates to be original markers of environmental exposures. C57BL/6J mice were exposed to either sodium fluoride or a mixture of 15 endocrine-disrupting substances, or both, in their drinking water from the time of conception until 1 or 10 months after birth. The doses of these substances were chosen to be close to the tolerable daily intake.All mice in test groups presented lower weight gain than controls with the most significant differences observed in females 30 days after birth. Alterations in the eye retina were detected as early as 1 month of age and considerably worsened by 10 months. Dental defects were observed in all test groups at the last time point. At that age, metabolic disruptions were identified through molecular metabolomic and RNAseq analyses, while histological analyses showed no significant defects in liver.This study shows that chronic exposure to widespread toxicants resulted in hepatic metabolic disorders. However, the most evident histological and clinical signs were observed in eyes and teeth. These easily accessible stigmata may be used as early markers of low-dose exposure to environmental toxicants.</div
<i>Anaplasma phagocytophilum</i> chez les ongulés de montagne : prévalence et facteurs de risque dans plusieurs massifs français
No full textInternational audienceQuels sont les niveaux de prévalence d'A. phagocytophilum chez les ongulés de montagne, et quels facteurs écologiques et individuels en conditionnent la présence
Infestation des génisses par les strongles gastro-intestinaux : étude de la valeur diagnostique du niveau d’IgA salivaire anti-CarLA
No full textLa gestion raisonnée de l’infestation par les strongles gastro-intestinaux (SGI) doit s’appuyer sur des outils diagnostiques fiables. Chez les bovins, les marqueurs usuels de l’infestation sont les niveaux sériques de pepsinogène et d’IgG anti-Ostertagia, et l’excrétion fécale des œufs de SGI. Un nouveau test ELISA quantifiant le niveau d’IgA salivaires dirigées contre un antigène glucidique présent à la surface des larves (antigène CarLA), développé et étudié chez les ovins, s’avère prometteur pour étudier l’immunité face à l’infestation. Toutefois, ce niveau d’IgA reste mal connu chez les bovins. Afin d’étudier la valeur diagnostique du niveau d’IgA salivaire anti-CarLA dans cette espèce, les travaux de cette thèse se sont penchés sur les associations entre ce nouveau marqueur et les marqueurs usuels d’infestation par les SGI chez 1403 génisses (111 lots) de première saison de pâturage du Grand-Ouest Français, prélevées lors de la rentrée en stabulation 2023 ou 2024.Au niveau individuel, malgré l’absence de corrélation marquée entre le niveau d’IgA anti-CarLA et les trois autres marqueurs, un haut niveau salivaire d’IgA était associé à une plus grande probabilité de présenter une faible excrétion d’œufs et des niveaux sériques élevés de pepsinogène et d’IgG anti-Ostertagia. Au niveau du lot, un niveau moyen d’IgA élevé était associée à une forte exposition aux SGI (niveaux moyens de pepsinogène et d’IgG élevés). Au sein des lots exposés, un haut niveau d’IgA salivaire était lié à une moindre excrétion fécale, suggérant des profils individuels de résistance à l’infestation. De plus, le niveau d’IgA était influencé par plusieurs facteurs de variations comme le mois de prélèvement, l’âge à la mise à l’herbe ou l’année de prélèvement. Une combinaison de ce nouveau marqueur et des trois marqueurs usuels pourrait permettre d’établir des profils phénotypiques de résistance à l’infestation pour explorer le déterminisme génétique de la résistance des bovins aux SGI
Breastmilk modulates insulin sensitivity in offspring born from hyperglycaemic dams in a rodent model.
No full textInternational audienceGestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) increases type 2 diabetes risk in the offspring later in life. In a context of GDM, whether breast milk bioactive compounds support offspring pancreatic β-cell proliferation and maturation, promoting healthy glucose metabolism and reducing the risk of adulthood metabolic disorders, remains unclear. GDM-impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) was induced in a cross-fostering rat model dams fed High-Fat, High-Sucrose diet during gestation (4HFHS) or gestation and lactation (7HFHS) compared to those under Control diet (CTL). Milk metabolome and lipidome were analysed at Post Natal Day (PND)1 and PND14. Breast milk impact on glucose homeostasis were investigated in GDM-offspring nursed by foster dams with IGT-corrected (4HFHS) or not (7HFHS) postpartum and compared to those nursed by CTL. Pancreatic islet gene expression was quantified by RT-qPCR in offspring at birth, PND14 and PND220. Oral Glucose Tolerance Tests (OGTT) and euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamps were performed at PND220.Colostrum from 4HFHS and 7HFHS had higher levels of insulino-trophic compounds (valine, leucine and oleic acid) and long-chain sphingolipids compared to CTL dams. At PND14, these compositional differences were maintained in 7HFHS compared to 4HFHS milk. At birth, GDM-pups presented islet hypertrophy and hyperplasia associated with a lower β-/α-cell ratio. At PND14, GDM-pups nursed by 7HFHS (HH) versus 4HFHS (DG) dams presented higher expression of NeuroD1 (endocrine differentiation), GLUT2 and insulin genes beside enhanced fasting glycemia and insulinemia. At PND220, male GDM-offspring nursed by CTL dams (HC) showed hyperglycaemia during OGTT associated with higher 2 hours-insulinemia, while insulin and amylin gene expression were decreased. Systemic insulin-sensitivity in response to hypercaloric challenge tended to be lower in female HC. Hyperglycemia during pregnancy is associated with adaptation of maternal milk composition, that may have offspring repercussions on β-cell maturation and adult metabolic trajectories depending on maternal glucose tolerance during lactation
Combining dynamic generalized linear models and mechanistic modelling to optimize treatment strategies against bovine respiratory disease
No full textInternational audienceBovine respiratory disease (BRD) is a major health challenge for young bulls. To minimize economic losses, collective treatments have been widely adopted. Nevertheless, performing collective treatments involves a trade-off between BRD cumulative incidence and severity, and antimicrobial usage (AMU). Therefore, we propose a proof-of-concept of a decision support tool aimed at helping farmers and veterinarians make informed decisions about the appropriate timing for performing collective treatment for BRD. The proposed framework integrates a mechanistic stochastic simulation engine for modelling the spread of a BRD pathogen (Mannheimia haemolytica) and a hierarchical multivariate binomial dynamic generalized linear model (DGLM), which provides early warnings based on infection risk estimates. Using synthetic data, we studied 48 scenarios, involving two batch sizes (small and large), four farm risk levels for developing BRD (low, medium, balanced, and high), two batch allocation systems (sorted by risk level or randomly allocated), and three treatment interventions (individual, conventional collective, and DGLM-based collective). In high- and medium-risk scenarios, collective treatments triggered by the DGLM were associated with a reduction in BRD cumulative incidence and disease severity, especially in large populations. Compared with conventional treatments, DGLM-based collective treatments typically result in either lower or equivalent AMU, with the largest reductions being observed in medium-, balanced-, and high-risk scenarios. Additionally, the DGLM estimates of infection risk aligned well with the empirical risk estimates during the first time steps of the simulation. These findings highlight the potential of the proposed decision support tool in providing valuable guidance for improving animal welfare and AMU. Further validation through real-world data collected from on-farm situations is necessary
