Portail HAL ONIRIS VetAgroBio Nantes
Not a member yet
11563 research outputs found
Sort by
Free fat flap transfer in recurrent neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome pain treatment: FIRST observational pilot study
No full textInternational audienceBackground: Neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome (NTOS), characterized by brachial plexus compression, causes chronic pain and numbness in the upper extremities. Recurrences are common after surgical treatment, which typically includes an anterior scalenectomy and rib resection. Brachial plexus neurolysis and flap coverage can reduce scar fibrosis and prevent further recurrence. The latissimus dorsi flap is a common choice for this purpose. However, perforator fat flaps minimize donor site complications by avoiding muscle harvesting. Furthermore, a free flap transfer prevents new scars from developing in an already painful anatomical region. Given the lack of literature on this subject, we plan to use validated and recommended questionnaires to investigate the impact on pain and quality of life of brachial plexus wrapping with a free fat flap following neurolysis in cases of recurrent NTOS.Methods: FIRST is a single-center, prospective observational pilot study recruiting participants over 24 months. Eligible patients over the age of 18 are treated with brachial plexus neurolysis and a free perforator fat flap for recurrent NTOS. The study aims to enroll 20 patients and involves preoperative and postoperative assessments at a six-month follow-up. The primary outcome, measured using numerical scales, is pain reduction. Secondary outcomes include decreased painful body surface area, maximum and average pain levels, changes in quality of life, upper limb function, and anxiety-depressive symptoms, which are measured using various validated scales and questionnaires.Discussion: This study will provide insight into the efficacy of free perforator fat flaps in recurrent NTOS using standardized, validated assessments for neuropathic pain, including psychosocial aspects. By providing vascularization around the brachial plexus, fat flaps may reduce inflammation, fibrosis, and perineural scar adhesions, thereby alleviating pain. This technique also avoids extensive local dissection required for regional flaps and reduces donor site morbidity. Potential limitations include the technical complexity of free flap surgery
Comparison of the Management of Carious Primary Molars by a Sample of Undergraduate Students from Three European Countries
No full textInternational audienceIntroduction: Primary molars play a key role in maintaining space and guiding the eruption of permanent teeth. The course of treatment for these teeth may differ from one country to another, even if the recommendations are the same. The goal of this study was to evaluate the selected clinical practices for primary molar treatment by students from different European countries and compare them to international recommendations. Materials and methods: An observational, multicenter, cross-sectional study was designed using a self-administered online survey that was sent to 69 European dental schools. Among those schools, 10 agreed to distribute the survey. The survey consisted of 22 questions regarding the treatment of primary molars-from anesthesia to prescription-and was divided into four main items: anesthesia, pulp treatment, coronal restoration, and prescriptions. Results: A multitude of materials and medications are available to treat primary molars. For most therapies, students responded in accordance with the American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry (AAPD) recommendations. However, there was a statistically significant link between nationality and chosen therapy regarding all items (anesthesia, pulp treatment, coronal restoration, and prescription). Conclusion: Even with differences in clinical practice, the education provided in the studied countries enabled students to practice evidence-based dentistry and follow international recommendations
Analysis of horizontal gas-liquid intermittent flow subregime transitions: Physical mechanisms and flow maps
No full textInternational audienceIn recent years, several experimental investigations have been carried out on horizontal gas-liquid two-phase subregimes, including plug, less aerated slug (LAS), and highly aerated slug (HAS) flows. This classification is based on the shape of the elongated bubble/liquid slug interface as well as the aeration of the liquid slugs. In this paper, extensive experimental visualization was performed using an air-water mixture in a 30 mm ID horizontal pipe covering a total of 189 operating conditions. For the first time, it was reported that each subregime had a specific mechanism for aeration of the liquid slug flow. For instance, the presence of gas bubbles within liquid slugs, in the case of plug flow, is due to the interfacial shear-induced wave mechanism. The transitions to LAS and HAS flows are accompanied by the appearance of shearing-off and scooping mechanisms of bubbles, respectively, in the liquid film and into the liquid slug. In addition, the reported flow transition lines, as well as those existing in the literature, were analyzed using different existing coordinate systems. This analysis showed that the X-T system is the most suitable for predicting the three flow subregimes
Stress dans un contexte de restriction calorique : étude expérimentale des effets d'un biopeptide lors de la perte de poids contrôlée chez le chat en surpoids
No full textIn both animal experimentation and clinical settings, the level of stress in animals and its management have become essential parameters to consider, both from an ethical perspective and for the proper conduct of care or studies. Yet, simple, reliable, and accessible tools to measure chronic stress on a daily basis remain scarce. In this context, our thesis evaluated the effectiveness of a blood-derived biopeptide with anxiolytic potential using a chronic stress model, induced by controlled weight loss in cats. In parallel, we developed a behavioral stress assessment grid, designed to be used routinely by all personnel in contact with the animals. Several additional stress parameters were collected alongside the grid: physiological (heart rate, respiratory rate, temperature, pupil diameter) and biological (baseline cortisol and fecal cortisol metabolites). The results showed no significant effect of the biopeptide on the measured parameters. In contrast, the use of the behavioral grid highlighted changes in animal behavior, with marked stress detected during the mid-phases of weight loss. Easily usable, this grid could be adapted to other contexts involving chronic stress and for the anxiolytic assessment of other nutraceutical compounds.En expérimentation animale comme en clinique, le niveau de stress des animaux et sa gestion sont devenus des paramètres indispensables à prendre en compte tant d’un point de vue éthique que pour le bon déroulement des soins ou des études. Pourtant les outils simples, fiables et accessibles pour mesurer un stress chronique au quotidien restent rares. Dans ce contexte, notre thèse a évalué l’efficacité d’un biopeptide sanguin à visée anxiolytique à l’aide d’un modèle de stress chronique, induit par une perte de poids contrôlée chez le chat. Parallèlement, nous avons conçu une grille d’évaluation comportementale du stress, pensée pour être utilisée en routine par tout le personnel en contact avec les animaux. Plusieurs paramètres de stress ont été collectés en complément de la grille : physiologiques (fréquence cardiaque, respiratoire, température, diamètre pupillaire) et biologiques (fructosamines, cortisol basal et métabolites du cortisol fécal). Les résultats montrent l’absence d’effet significatif du biopeptide sur les différents paramètres mesurés. En revanche, l’utilisation de la grille permet de mettre en évidence une évolution du comportement des animaux avec un stress marqué détecté dans le milieu des phases de perte de poids. Facilement utilisable, cette grille pourrait être adaptée à d’autres contextes impliquant un stress chronique et à l’évaluation anxiolytique d’autres substances nutraceutiques
Influence of Sugars and Surface Properties on Wettability and Adhesion of Starch-Based Model Suspensions on Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Surfaces
No full textInternational audienceIn food drying processes such as cast-tape drying, refractance window, and drum drying, spreading food suspensions on hydrophobic surfaces is critical. This study investigated the effects of low-molar-mass sugars (glucose, sucrose, and fructose) on the rheology and surface tension of cassava starch suspensions, which served as model systems. Wettability was assessed on hydrophobic surfaces, including new polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) films, with additional testing on sandpaperabraded PTFE (named PTFE R+) to evaluate the influence of surface roughness. PET film exhibited lower roughness (Ra = X µm) and higher surface tension (71 mN/m) compared to PTFE (surface tension 65 mN/m). Contact angles on PET (93-124 • ) were significantly higher than on PTFE (89-113 • ), indicating greater product adhesion on PET. All suspensions showed pseudoplastic behavior, and the addition of the surfactant Tween 20 slightly reduced surface tension (by ≈1-5 mN/m) but did not significantly enhance wettability. Sucrose and fructose increased wettability on PTFE R+, but the effects of the sugar varied depending on the surface. These findings suggest that PTFE surfaces reduce product sticking during drying compared to PET. Interactions between sugars, Tween 20, and hydrophobic surfaces must be considered to optimize spreading and reduce product sticking during drying. This knowledge can guide improvements in drying processes for food products.</div
Impact of salt and fat reduction under low pressure mixing on pizza dough properties
No full textInternational audienceThe increasing concern over the health implications of high salt and fat content in baked products has prompted a focus on optimizing their production processes. This work studied the impact of different levels of salt and fat on the energy parameters including dough development time, specific mechanical energy, and average power consumption during mixing. The gauge pressure of mixing allows controlling the gluten network formation. Hence, a Box-Behnken model was used to design the experiments for different levels of fat, salt and gauge pressure during mixing. Various dependent variables were measured, including void fraction, sheeting torque, extensibility and stickiness. The sheeted pizza doughs were baked, and changes in diameter after baking were analyzed using image analysis. The results showed that dough development time during mixing increased with salt content, while specific mechanical energy and average power consumption decreased with increasing fat content. The highest value of dough void fraction observed at atmospheric pressure. Sheeting torque was significantly affected by fat content at lower roller intervals. Resistance to extension increased with salt content, while the stickiness of the dough was influenced by both fat content and pressure. Deformation during baking increased with fat content
Ultrasound and microwave assisted extraction of acorn oil (Quercus brantii): Optimization and characterization
No full textInternational audienceThis study aimed to optimize the extraction parameters and increase the oil yield, by comparing both microwaveassisted extraction (MAE) and ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) methods of extracting acorn oil (Quercus brantii). The study demonstrates that UAE and MAE are efficient, rapid, and resource-saving techniques for extracting acorn oil compared to conventional methods like Soxhlet extraction and long-duration maceration. UAE achieved a significantly higher oil yield (7.44 %) than MAE (5.45 %), reducing the extraction time from hours to just 33 min, and lowering solvent consumption. This efficiency makes UAE particularly advantageous for industrial-scale operations seeking to minimize environmental impact and operational costs. The findings further emphasize that UAE not only provides superior oil yield but also enhances the total phenolic content of the extracted oil, achieving a value 2.5 times higher than that obtained with MAE. Moreover, UAE demonstrated no significant increase in free fatty acids (FFA), maintaining the oil's quality, while MAE conditions showed a negative effect by increasing FFA levels. In addition to yield and quality, UAE also produced oil with superior color parameters, which could enhance consumer acceptability. These results underscore UAE's potential as a sustainable alternative, capable of reducing the environmental footprint by minimizing energy use, extraction time, and solvent waste
Prévention des intoxications chez les animaux de compagnie : étude des connaissances et besoins informationnels des propriétaires
No full textCette thèse s’intéresse aux intoxications chez les animaux de compagnie – chiens, chats et lapins – en mettant l’accent sur la prévention à destination des propriétaires. Elle s’appuie sur deux volets complémentaires : une analyse des données des centres antipoison vétérinaires et une enquête menée auprès de 374 répondants, principalement des propriétaires de chiens, chats et lapins. L’étude de CAPV a permis d’identifier les substances toxiques les plus fréquemment impliquées selon les espèces et les facteurs de risques d’intoxications principaux. L’enquête révèle, quant à elle, que les connaissances des propriétaires sont globalement limitées et varient peu selon les profils des répondants mais s’améliorent significativement lorsque plusieurs sources d’information sont mobilisées. À partir de ces résultats, un outil de prévention a été créé : Le Guide du Sans Intox’, en trois versions adaptées à chacune des espèces. Il contient les substances les plus fréquentes et graves, des conseils clés pour limiter les intoxications, les gestes de premiers secours, les numéros d’urgence à contacter (CAPV), des QR-codes vers des ressources fiables et un quizz interactif. La diffusion de ce guide préventif se fait via une stratégie multimodale, à savoir les carnets de santé du laboratoire pharmaceutique Zoetis, cliniques partenaires, réseaux sociaux, site du CAPAE-Ouest et forums spécialisés. Ce guide vise à informer simplement et efficacement, afin de réduire les intoxications. NOTE : Le partenariat avec Zoetis a été initié par l’auteure dans le cadre de cette thèse. Il n’implique aucun conflit d’intérêt : aucune contrepartie financière n’a été reçue. Zoetis a accepté, à titre gracieux, d’intégrer les fiches de prévention au sein de leurs carnets de santé existants, et d’en assurer l’impression sans frais
Phase Change Materials for Cold Thermal Energy Storage applications: A critical review of conventional materials and the potential of bio-based alternatives
No full textInternational audienceThe integration of Phase Change Materials (PCMs) as Cold Thermal Energy Storage (CTES) components represents an important advancement in refrigeration system efficiency. These materials have demonstrated significant capabilities in storing and releasing thermal energy, leading to improved system performance and reduced energy consumption. Conventional PCMs such as water/ice, hydrated salts, and paraffin are commonly used in CTES applications due to their favorable thermal properties and/or cost-effectiveness. This review paper explores the benefits and performance of integrating conventional PCMs in various refrigeration systems. It thoroughly discusses the effects of PCM integration on energy consumption, temperature stabilization, storage product quality, and greenhouse gas emissions.While conventional PCMs are widely used in CTES applications, there is growing interest in exploring sustainable alternatives. Bio-based PCMs, derived from biomass and bio-waste materials, have shown promise as thermal storage candidates. Although these materials have been extensively studied for building applications, their potential in CTES applications remains largely unexplored. This paper also provides a detailed evaluation of bio-based materials based on their phase change temperature and latent heat, assessing their suitability for use in CTES applications.Through this extensive review, the paper provides insights into the current state and future potential of PCM technology in CTES, highlighting both the proven benefits of conventional PCMs in enhancing refrigeration system efficiency and the potential sustainability of bio-based PCMs
Analysis of Polycerate Mutants Reveals the Evolutionary Co-option of HOXD1 to Determine the Number and Topology of Horns in Bovidae
No full textInternational audienceIn the course of evolution, pecorans (i.e. higher ruminants) developed a remarkable diversity of osseous cranial appendages, collectively referred to as ‘headgear’, which likely share the same origin and genetic basis. However, the nature and function of the genetic determinants underlying their number and position remain elusive. Jacob and other rare populations of sheep and goats, are characterized by polyceraty, the presence of more than two horns. Here, we characterize distinct POLYCERATE alleles in each species, both associated with defective HOXD1 function. We show that haploinsufficiency at this locus results in the splitting of horn bud primordia, likely following the abnormal extension of an initial morphogenetic field. These results highlight the key role played by this gene in headgear patterning and illustrate the evolutionary co-option of a gene involved in the early development of bilateria to properly fix the position and number of these distinctive organs of Bovidae