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Attentes et besoins des éleveurs bovins laitiers pour la gestion raisonnée des strongyloses gastro-intestinales
No full textLes Strongles Gastro-Intestinaux (SGI) sont des parasites des ruminants au pâturage ayant un impact sanitaire et économique non négligeables. Leur gestion, basée depuis plusieurs décennies sur l’utilisation massive d’anthelminthiques (AH), se heurte aujourd’hui à plusieurs limites dont l’augmentation importante de résistances des SGI aux AH. Afin de préserver l’arsenal thérapeutique actuel, il est urgent de faire évoluer les pratiques des éleveurs pour tendre vers une gestion plus raisonnée et plus durable, qui peut être perçue comme complexe et contraignante. C’est pourquoi la compréhension des attentes et besoins est indispensable pour faciliter ce changement afin d’adapter les stratégies de communication, d’accompagnement et de transfert d’information. Les enquêtes qualitatives réalisées auprès de 18 éleveurs bovins laitiers ont permis de recueillir leurs pratiques de gestion des SGI, les facteurs influençant l’adoption de pratiques plus durables (attentes et besoins, freins et motivations) et leur perception des résistances aux AH. Cette étude montre que les pratiques ont peu évolué depuis dix ans, probablement liées au fait que les éleveurs pensent bien maîtriser les SGI grâce à des traitements jugés efficaces. Globalement, les freins au changement étaient prépondérants par rapport aux motivations. Néanmoins, les éleveurs appartenant à des groupes techniques, de fermes expérimentales ou en agriculture biologique semblent plus sensibilisés à la gestion durable et plus enclin à faire évoluer leurs pratiques. Des pistes d’action ont été proposées afin d’élargir la sensibilisation au plus grand nombre d’éleveurs et de favoriser la diffusion à large échelle de pratiques de gestion durable des SGI. Cette étude qualitative pourrait être complétée et enrichie par une étude quantitative afin d’obtenir des données chiffrées sur le nombre d’éleveurs prêts au changement et permettant la priorisation de leurs attentes et besoins pour mettre en œuvre cette transition
Transcriptome study exploring the mechanisms linking pollutants and breast cancer aggressiveness
No full textInternational audienceBreast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer in women, with metastasis as the leading cause of mortality. Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) may increase BC aggressiveness, but mechanisms remain unclear. This study examined the link between POP exposure and BC progression. We analyzed tumor samples from 89 BC patients in the METAPOP cohort, measuring 42 POPs, including dioxins, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and polybromodiphenylethers (PBDEs). Transcriptomic analysis identified genes differentially expressed in relation to POP exposure and BC aggressiveness (tumor size, metastatic risk, lymph node involvement, and estrogen receptor status). RNA sequencing of 89 tumors identified 4931 genes differentially expressed with ER status, 283 with tumor size, and 99 with metastasis. Key enriched pathways included immune response, extracellular matrix remodeling, and cell cycle regulation. Gene set enrichment analysis revealed significant overlap in pathways regulating the cell cycle, immune response, and BC hallmarks. Findings suggest that POP exposure alters tumor biology, promoting an aggressive phenotype. This study provides novel insights into the role of environmental pollutants in BC progression, emphasizing the need for further research on how POPs contribute to tumor aggressiveness
La vulnérabilité des populations face aux changements climatiques dans les Pays de la Loire : rapport spécial Populations
No full textCe rapport spécial du GIEC des Pays de la Loire propose une analyse approfondie des vulnérabilités humaines et territoriales face aux changements climatiques. Il rappelle l’impératif d’une adaptation juste, pensée à l’échelle locale, construite avec les populations et fondée sur une solidarité active. Car anticiper les impacts ne suffira pas : il faut aussi agir sur leurs causes, pour limiter l’ampleur des perturbations à venir.
Advancing liver gene therapy: Enhanced transduction with GalNAc-bioconjugated rAAV capsids
No full textInternational audienceThis study explores a novel strategy to enhance liver-targeted gene delivery, crucial for treating metabolic disorders. While AAV-based gene therapy holds promise, high vector doses raise safety concerns, often requiring the use of corticosteroids and immunosuppression to mitigate immune adverse events. Optimizing capsids to improve hepatocyte transduction efficiency is key to reducing these risks. We employed bioconjugation chemistry to target the Asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR), highly expressed on hepatocytes. Covalent attachment of GalNAc-derived ligands to rAAV2 capsids significantly improved in vivo liver transduction, increasing GFP expression up to threefold. Immunohistochemical co-labeling confirmed exclusive transgene expression in hepatocytes, ensuring specificity. These findings highlight bioconjugation as a promising approach to enhance liver gene therapy while improving safety by lowering vector doses and off-target effects
Associations between foot lesions and carcass traits in young bulls reared indoors
No full textInternational audienceEven if painful foot lesions are frequent in indoor-finished young bulls, little is known about their economic impact. Previous research has primarily focused on their effect on average daily gain, but their potential impact on carcass weight and quality could further increase their economic cost and relevance to producers. This study aimed to investigate the relationships between foot lesions and key carcass characteristics, namely carcass weight, conformation, fat cover, and age at slaughter, in French beef and dairy young bulls. Postmortem data were collected from 2 089 animals across four slaughterhouses during two seasons in 2023. Each bull underwent a comprehensive foot examination, and lesion annotation was assessed using standardised criteria. Slaughter data, including carcass weight, EUROP muscle development scores, fat cover scores, and age at slaughter, were obtained from slaughterhouse records. Mixed multivariable linear and mixed ordinal logistic regression models were used to assess associations between specific foot lesions and carcass traits, adjusting for breed and other confounding factors, and including farm as a random effect to account for clustering. Results revealed that certain lesions, such as interdigital phlegmon and bulb ulcer, were negatively associated with carcass weight, suggesting a detrimental effect on growth. In contrast, heel horn erosion and various forms of sole and white line haemorrhages were associated with higher carcass weight and better conformation scores. For sole and white line haemorrhages, carcass weight increased progressively with lesion severity, further supporting the hypothesis that heavier animals may be more prone to developing these types of lesions. Heel horn erosion was also the only lesion significantly associated with higher slaughter age. The evidence for associations between foot lesions and fat cover, as well as between digital dermatitis and carcass traits, was inconclusive. Breed also significantly influenced carcass traits, with beef-specialised breeds generally achieving higher carcass weights and conformation scores compared to dairy-origin or crossbred animals. These findings suggest that foot lesions, while sometimes detrimental, may also reflect complex interactions between growth dynamics and foot health. They underscore the need for integrated management strategies that consider foot health not only as a welfare issue but also as a factor influencing or related to carcass performance and economic returns in beef systems
Vidéo : Sample Pooling - Les champs d'application
No full textImpossible de charger les vidéos de l'ANR SENTINEL qui sont publiés sur Youtube et sur le site https://sentinel.ifip.asso.fr/results.phpVidéo : Sample Pooling - Les champs d'applicatio
Preconditioning donors with corticosteroids improves early lung graft immunity
No full textInternational audiencePreclinical studies have recently revealed the critical role of innate immunity in determining lung transplantation outcomes. Although the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation recommends highdose corticosteroid administration to donors, this practice is inconsistently applied worldwide. Investigating its impact on the donor lung's innate immune responsean unexplored area -could provide valuable evidence to support adoption of donor preconditioning with corticosteroids, beyond their traditional administration to recipients. Method: We used a cross-circulatory pig platform that consists of a donor lung placed extracorporeally and connected to the circulation of a recipient pig whose leukocytes are fluorescently labeled. Results: Donor preconditioning -compared to recipient's treatment alonereduced the presence of CD3 pos T-cells in the graft from both the donor and recipient, and enhanced the anti-inflammatory profile of alveolar macrophages, at least during the first 10 hours of donor-recipient interaction. The alveolar macrophages isolated from corticosteroid-preconditioned pig lungs exhibited decreased gene expression of T-cell-attracting chemokines during the 10-hour reperfusion period, correlating with the reduced T-cell infiltration. Similarly, human lung macrophages showed lower expression of these T-cell-attracting chemokines and higher anti-inflammatory profiles with corticosteroid treatment
Effects of Periodontal Therapy on Cardiovascular Risk Biomarkers: A Systematic Review.
No full textInternational audiencePurpose: Periodontal and cardiovascular diseases are prevalent chronic conditions sharing common pathogenic pathways involving bacterial translocation and systemic inflammation. This systematic review aimed to assess the impact of non-surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) on cardiovascular risk biomarkers, including endothelial function, systemic inflammation and thrombosis markers, and lipid and glucose metabolism, in patients with or without comorbidities.Materials and methods: A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Scopus databases, following preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and supplemented by manual searches. Eligible studies were published after 2010, written in English, and involved adult patients with moderate to severe periodontitis treated with NSPT. Risk of bias was assessed for all included studies.Results: Sixteen studies were included. NSPT was associated with a significant reduction in high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α), as well as with decreased HbA1c levels, particularly in patients with type 2 diabetes. Improvements in endothelial function were observed, notably a reduction in endothelial microparticles (EMPs), although results across vascular parameters such as flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and PWV were heterogeneous. Effects on lipid profiles were inconsistent and generally modest.Conclusion: NSPT shows moderate to high clinical relevance by improving key cardiovascular biomarkers especially inflammation and glycaemic control with both healthy and comorbid patients. These findings support the integration of periodontal care into cardiovascular risk mana-gement strategies, though further research is needed to confirm effects on lipid metabolism and vascular function
Optimization of latent heat storage system performance in food packaging
No full textInternational audienceLatent heat storage (LHS) systems can be utilized at all stages of the cold chain distribution to control the temperature fluctuations in food products. However, their application in food packaging is limited by the low heat transfer rate. This study aims to develop and validate a numerical model to optimize LHS systems in food cold chain distribution, such as food delivery systems, by considering fins of varying thicknesses, numbers, shapes, and locations. The parameters analyzed include the number of fins (2–16), thickness (0.325 mm, 0.625 mm, and 1.3 mm), shape, and location (branched, lateral, and central types). Tetradecane was used as the phase change material (PCM), while aluminum served as the PCM container. The heat transfer and melting process of the PCM were numerically solved using the finite element method with COMSOL software 5.4. The developed model, with an RMSE of 0.35 and an R2 of 0.99, demonstrated that the LHS system with 8 fins exhibited the best heat absorption performance, achieving a stability percentage of 97.7 % when using tylose gel as a food model. The shape and location of the fins had no significant impact on the results due to the low heat transfer rate within the food packaging system. Increasing the fin thickness from 0.325 mm to 1.3 mm altered the aluminum-to-PCM ratio from 0.13 to 0.33. Consequently, the PCM quantity significantly influenced the results, making it difficult to isolate the effect of fin thickness alone
Towards a better understanding of clinical disease activity scores in dogs with chronic enteropathies
No full textInternational audienceThe Canine Inflammatory Bowel Disease Activity Index (CIBDAI) and Canine Chronic Enteropathy Clinical Activity Index (CCECAI) are key tools for monitoring chronic enteropathies (CE) in dogs. Despite their widespread use, concerns persist regarding their intra-observer repeatability and inter-observer reproducibility, which may impact clinical and research applications. This study evaluated the reliability of these indices through a two-phase approach using anonymized clinical records. In Phase 1, two observers independently scored 41 consultation forms twice, one month apart, to assess repeatability and reproducibility. Phase 2 involved four observers with varying expertise who scored 59 forms using a standardized guide addressing Phase 1 inconsistencies. Statistical methods included Lin’s concordance correlation coefficient and Bland-Altman plots. High intra-observer repeatability was observed for mostvariables, but inter-observer reproducibility was limited for CIBDAI, CCECAI, and fluctuating parameters like stool consistency and defecation frequency. The standardized guide marginally improved consistency but did not resolve discrepancies. Expert evaluators did not consistently outperform non-experts. Reproducibility declined in more clinically severe cases. These findings highlight the need for standardized training, dynamic scoring systems, and digital tools to enhance reliability. Addressing these limitations is critical to improve clinical decision-making and research outcomes in canine CE