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Bénéfices / risques du lactulose lors d'encéphalopathie hépatique canine
No full textNational audienceBien que le lactulose soit indiqué comme un laxatif osmotique, sa capacité à neutraliser l'ammoniac et sa faible toxicité en font un principe actif intéressant dans la prise en charge globale de l'encéphalopathie hépatique chez le chien
TECH'NOMAD, permis de médiation scientifique et technologique
No full textInternational audienceTECH'NOMAD, permis de médiation scientifique et technologiqu
Piroplasmose : voies de transmission de la mère au poulain
No full textInternational audienceLa piroplasmose équine est due à la multiplication de Theileria equi et/ou Babesia caballi dans les hématies (globules rouges) des équidés. Ces deux parasites sont habituellement transmis par les tiques, mais une transmission verticale de la jument infectée à son poulain semble également possible. Des cas d’avortements avec des avortons très infectés sont décrits de façon ponctuelle dans la littérature. Nous avons donc voulu évaluer la possibilité d’une transmission verticale à partir de juments porteuses asymptomatiques de piroplasmose vers leurs poulains. Sur une cohorte de 179 juments gestantes, nous avons démontré que cette transmission existait pour T. equi à un taux faible de 7,4 %. Sur les quatre poulains infectés, trois étaient en bonne santé et un quatrième est mort de cause non déterminée. Les voies de cette transmission restent incertaines, car l’analyse des placentas et ombilics n’est pas nécessairement en concordance avec le statut infecté ou non du poulain. Nous avons par contre mis en évidence la présence d’ADN de T. equi dans le colostrum d’une jument, ce qui soulève cette hypothèse comme voie possible de transmission
Juveniles at risk: behaviour and colour changes in sole juveniles (Solea solea) after exposure to estuarine ragworms (Hediste diversicolor) contaminated with microplastics
No full textInternational audienceDue to strong anthropogenic pressures and their location at the interface between continental and oceanic environments, estuarine areas are affected by significant diverse pollution and species that live in these areas are particularly exposed. Microplastic (MPs) pollution is a worldwide issue and causes substantiated trouble in estuaries where sometimes the number of MPs equal or exceed the number of fish larvae which suggest a high risk of contamination of biota especially in benthic organisms and demersal fish. There are growing evidence that, beyond intrinsic toxicity, MPs can transfer chemicals (additives or pollutants). In order to get closer to environmental situations, in this study we tackled an issue that is rarely dealt with, namely the trophic transfer of MPs and chemicals through the food chain between a sediment- and a benthic-feeder. To take into account these specificities, we used an emblematic and common species of the European coastlines, the common sole (Solea solea) and its annelid prey.Sole juveniles were fed with estuarine ragworms (Hediste diversicolor) previously exposed to MPs via enriched MPs sediment. The MPs used were either a mixture of micronized plastics collected from the Seine Estuary (eMPs, two environmental concentrations at 1 or 100 mg/kg of sediment, median size range 52-77 μm) or model MPs of PVC particles (at 1 g/kg of sediment, size range 125-250 μm), either uncontaminated or contaminated with Benzo(a)Pyrene (BaP, 11.5 μg/g MPs) or benzophenone-3 (BP3, 66 ng/g MPs). Several indicators of health status such as survival, growth, behaviour, energy metabolism, and histopathology were studied. Sole individuals fed ragworms exposed to eMPs or PVC MPs displayed a change in behaviour (place preference between black/white background). Seine Estuary eMPs lead to an increase in body colour chroma for the highest concentration and behaviour was modified with an increase in time spent on white bottom and transition number for the highest concentration when distance moved increased only at the lowest concentration. Sole exposed to BaP-PVC-MPs displayed the lowest time spent on white background compared to control and BP3-PVC-MPs group. Soles exposed to BP3-PVC MPs displayed a significant skin colour increase in chroma and a wider combination of value/chroma reflecting more diverse skin colours. Finally, lipid content in muscle and DNA damage were significantly higher in BP3-MPs. Although the exact mechanisms underpinning such changes are largely unknown, these observations are indicative of physiological stress which may have a significant impact on survival by increasing predation risks for fish juveniles, hence the ecosystem health and calls for further trophic transfer experimental research
Comparative study of radio-clinical parameters in pediatric forms of fibrous dysplasia and chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis
No full textInternational audienceChronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis (CRMO) is an autoinflammatory disease with clinical and radiological symptoms that overlap with fibrous dysplasia (FD), particularly in children. This study aimed to compare the clinical and radiological features of craniofacial CRMO and FD in a pediatric population. Seven children with CRMO and 14 with FD were retrospectively identified in our tertiary centre between 2012 and 2022. Their clinical, radiological, and biological (when available) data were collected. Two experienced radiologists reviewed imaging modalities following a standardized form, including characteristics of the lesions, soft-tissue involvement, and signal abnormalities (MRI). Swelling and pain were common symptoms in the CRMO group (7/7 and 5/5, respectively), compared with 11/14 and 2/14 patients in the FD group. Imaging (CT scan) comparisons revealed a predominance of erosive lesions, cortical interruption, periosteal apposition, and soft-tissue involvement in CRMO compared with FD (4/5 vs 0/6, p1 = 0.01; 5/5 vs 1/6, p2 = 0.01; 5/5 vs 0/6, p3 = 0.002; and 4/5 vs 0/6, p4 = 0.02, respectively). Hyperosteosis was mainly associated with FD lesions (6/6 vs 2/5, p = 0.06). Knowledge of the clinical and radiographic differences between CRMO and FD could help clinicians to differentiate between the two diseases
Comparative evaluation of two autotransfusion devices in a 72h survival swine model of surgically induced controlled splenic bleeding
No full textInternational audienceAutotransfusion is a key strategy in hemorrhagic surgical procedures, reducing risks like disease transmission and immunosuppression due to allogenic transfusion. While conventional devices efficiently process red blood cells by centrifugation, they don’t address complications requiring additional platelet transfusions. The innovative same™ device (i-SEP, France), utilizing hollow-fiber filtration, preserves both red blood cells and platelets without damaging cell integrity. This study designed as a prospective randomized controlled trial compared cell concentration and washout performances of two autotransfusion devices, a preclinical version of same™, the conventional centrifugation-based Xtra® (LivaNova, UK); and effects of retransfusion versus no transfusion in 21 Yucatan minipigs submitted to a surgically induced controlled splenic bleeding. Animals were divided into three groups (no-transfusion control group, same group and xtra group) and monitored postoperatively for 72 hours during which serial animal blood samples were collected for hematologic, biochemical and coagulation analyses and tests. Both autotransfusion devices showed high performances in red blood cell yields and concentrations, with a significant superiority of same™ device to preserve platelets. Animals from same and xtra groups retrieved similar rheological profiles and maintained a normal hematocrit compared to no-transfusion control animals. Coagulation profiles stayed within normal range in all groups. No adverse event on animals nor post-mortem sign of thrombosis were identified on autotransfused animals. The same™ device that can therefore be considered as an interesting alternative to conventional centrifugation-based devices. Further experiments are needed to provide evidence of platelets autotransfusion benefits in massive hemorrhagic procedures
Association of Diet With Treatment Response in Dogs With Chronic Enteropathy: A Retrospective Multicenter Study
No full textInternational audienceABSTRACT Background Hydrolyzed protein diets are commonly used in the first‐line approach to the treatment of dogs with naïve‐chronic enteropathy (naïve‐CE). Objectives To characterize the responses of naïve‐CE dogs transitioned to a hydrolyzed diet and to assess the efficacy of an additional dietary trial in dogs with NRE. Animals Eighty‐one dogs with naïve‐CE and 23 dogs with NRE. Methods Retrospective multicenter cohort study including dogs with CE presented to three referral centers from April 2018 to December 2021. Naïve‐CE and NRE cases transitioned to hydrolyzed and alternative diets, respectively, were selected, and medical records were reviewed. Clinical response before and 4 weeks after dietary transitions (with or without concurrent therapeutic adjustments) was assessed based on stool‐consistency score or Canine Inflammatory Bowel Disease Activity Index (CIBDAI) total score in naïve and NRE cases, respectively. Results The transition into a hydrolyzed diet was the only therapeutic change in 20% (16/81). Of these, 88% (14/16) had a decreased stool‐consistency score ( p < 0.001). From the 23 NRE cases, the transition to an alternative diet was the sole therapeutic adjustment in 70% (16/23). Of these, the total CIBDAI score declined in 69% (11/23; p < 0.001). Conclusions and Clinical Importance This study supports the need to feed a hydrolyzed diet in naïve CE cases. In cases classified as NRE, an additional transition into an alternative dietary trial seems beneficial
A Tool for On‐Line Monitoring Microalgal Bioprocesses Based on Gas Balance Analysis
No full textInternational audienceThis study introduces a novel method for monitoring microalgae growth and evaluating mass transfer efficiency in photobioreactors, specifically under non‐limiting and controlled growth conditions. By leveraging data on elemental composition, gas transfer rates, and oxygen production rate, the method estimates biomass growth and assesses gas‐liquid mass transfer coefficients. The approach uses indirect measurements to infer critical parameters, including biomass concentration, total inorganic carbon, and nitrogen levels. Results demonstrate accurate predictions of biomass growth and carbon dynamics, along with effective characterization of mass transfer coefficients. This method offers a robust tool for optimizing photobioreactor performance and enhancing process control
Erratum à « Actualisation 2024 des recommandations de la Société française de rhumatologie pour le diagnostic et la prise en charge des personnes souffrant de polyarthrite rhumatoïde » [Rev. Rhum. 2024;91 (6):663–93]
No full textInternational audiencePlusieurs erreurs se sont glissées dans les affiliations de la version imprimée de l’article « Actualisation 2024 des recommandations de la Société française de rhumatologie pour le diagnostic et la prise en charge des personnes souffrant de polyarthrite rhumatoïde » publié dans notre numéro de décembre 2024. Plusieurs affiliations ont été décalées et ainsi mal attribuées.Nous republions donc ci-dessus la liste des auteurs et leurs affiliations respectives exactes.Nous prions les auteurs et nos lecteurs de bien vouloir nous excuser pour cette erreur
Étude d'un phénomène de parthénogenèse en parc zoologique chez une femelle Varanus salvator
No full textLa parthénogenèse est un mode de reproduction permettant à une femelle de donner naissance à une descendance sans fécondation par un mâle. Bien que largement documenté chez les invertébrés, ce phénomène reste rare et a été découvert récemment chez les vertébrés, soulevant de nombreuses questions sur les mécanismes sous-jacents et son impact écologique. L'essor des techniques de biologie moléculaire depuis la fin du XXe siècle a considérablement amélioré les capacités d'analyse de la parthénogénèse, permettant d'explorer sa fréquence et ses implications génétiques au sein de diverses espèces. Cette thèse s'intéresse à un cas de parthénogénèse chez le varan malais (Varanus salvator), un reptile de la famille des varanidés largement répandu en Asie du Sud-Est. L'objectif principal est de confirmer, par des analyses génétiques, la survenue d'une parthénogénèse chez une femelle hébergée au parc zoologique Padiparc, qui a donné naissance à trois individus en 2021 après plusieurs années d'isolement complet de tout mâle. Afin de caractériser la nature du phénomène, une analyse par séquençage du génome a été réalisé sur la mère et sa descendance, permettant de confirmer le phénomène par évaluation des variations génétiques de la mère et des descendants et de déterminer le mécanisme cytologique impliqué. Les résultats révèlent une perte homogène d'hétérozygotie sur l'ensemble du génome analysé chez les trois descendants, indiquant une parthénogénèse. Bien que le processus précis n'ait pu être identifié formellement, les données suggèrent un mécanisme de duplication génétique