Portail HAL de l'OFB
Not a member yet
3699 research outputs found
Sort by
Variability in the impact of linear transportation infrastructures on gene flow in French wild ungulate populations
No full textInternational audienceContext: Linear Transportation Infrastructures (LTIs) are among the largest factors responsible for landscape fragmentation, in turn increasing population isolation. In this context, studies have mainly focused on a single species’ response to barrier elements and mitigation thereof. Yet, the implementation of conservation strategies to restore landscape connectivity may be challenging when multi-specific responses are not measured and fully considered.Objectives: We aimed to assess the effect of two different types of LTIs, a fenced highway and a navigation canal on gene flow in three ungulate species in Northeastern France.Methods:We genotyped 98 red deer (C. elaphus), 120 wild boars (S. scrofa) and 140 roe deer (C. capreolus) with species-specific microsatellite markers from 3 sampling sites located on either side of both LTIs considered in the study area. We assessed the continuity of gene flow using Bayesian clustering methods and a mapping approach to determine inter-individual genetic dissimilarity in relation to landscape characteristics.Results:Our study showed different impacts of LTIs on the gene flow of species belonging a priori to the same functional group. Genetic differentiation among red deer and wild boar sampling units was observed on either side of the highway, but no such differentiation was identified for roe deer. However, no genetic structuring was associated with the presence of the canal in any species.Conclusions: The impact of LTIs on gene flow in large species results from the structural characteristics of the infrastructure, and our study shows that mitigation measures should consider species-specific behaviors to facilitate the use of crossing structures and thus ensure gene flow across ILTs
Okomotikli : Un jeu des Wayana et Apalaï de Guyane / Helë Wajana Apalai kujan pono kom ëhetamikatop
No full textJeu de 35 cartes et livret de 12 pagesLes Wayana et les Apalaï sont des peuples amérindiens vivant sur le plateau guyanais occidental. En Guyane française, ils habitent sur le long du Haut-Maroni et de ses affluents, le Marouini, le Tampock et le Litani. Ils pratiquaient par le passé un rituel ancien et complexe, appelé eputop/epurutopo (maraké en français), rituel au cours duquel les hommes et les femmes dansaient parés de coiffes de plumes et des postulants se faisaient piquer par des insectes (guêpes et fourmis) pour renforcer leur endurance physique et mentale. Ce rituel servait aussi à marquer la cohésion sociale du groupe. Aujourd’hui, les jeunes ne participent plus à ce grand rituel, vont moins loin en forêt et, de fait, méconnaissent les insectes utilisés dans les applications corporelles et les oiseaux dont les plumes servaient à orner leurs parures. Inspiré du jeu Mistigri, l’Okomotikli a pour objectif de faire découvrir des paires d’animaux (une espèce et son habitat), en associant leurs noms amérindiens à leur détermination scientifique la plus proche. Destinés aux Wayana et aux Apalaï, ainsi qu’à tout public curieux, il vise à sensibiliser le plus grand nombre au rituel eputop, mais aussi à la riche culture ces deux sociétés caribes et à la faune guyanaise
Rénovation de la gestion du saumon en Bretagne : le projet RENOSAUM
No full textInternational audiencePour réviser la gestion des populations de saumon en Bretagne, et plus particulièrement la régulation de leur exploitation par pêche à la ligne en rivière, l’OFB, INRAE et l’Université de Pau et Pays de l’Adour, en collaboration avec Bretagne Grands Migrateurs, ont œuvré conjointement dans le cadre d’un vaste exercice d’aide à la décision (projet RENOSAUM, 2017-2022). Ce travail est sans précédent par la quantité de données valorisées, la prise en compte des recommandations internationales et le dialogue continu entre scientifiques et acteurs de la gestion qui ont gouverné son déroulement. Il permet de disposer aujourd’hui, pour les 18 principales rivières à saumon bretonnes et sur plus de trois décennies (1987-2020), de connaissances inédites concernant l’abondance des juvéniles et des adultes, les mécanismes de renouvellement des générations au sein des populations étudiées, ainsi que leur régime d’exploitation par la pêche à la ligne. Elles ont servi de socle pour l’établissement de nouvelles limites de conservation pour chacune des populations étudiées, puis pour une analyse comparative d’un très large ensemble de scénarios de régulation de l’exploitation. Ce travail a conduit in fine à la mise en place de mesures de régulation renouvelées de l’exploitation par pêche à la ligne applicables à compter de 2023
Unveiling hidden connections using photogrammetry: Multi-scale relationships between benthic communities and rocky subtidal seascapes
No full textInternational audienceThe objective of the present study is to unravel the multi-scale processes involved in structuring of infralittoral rocky biocenoses habitat characteristics. A photogrammetric methodology (supervised classification) was developed in three rocky reefs of Saint-Malo bay (∼ 250 km², France) to describe the biotope and the associated benthic community (photo-quadrat and morphotypic approach) along 120-m² transects. The methodology captured more than 70 % of morphotypic richness, and successfully estimated the morphotype proportions. The results confirmed the importance of the broad-scale (> 120 m²) processes as a driver of benthic communities (24 % of variance explained). Interestingly, the photogrammetric metrics revealed that the benthic morphotypic composition was also shaped by fine-scale (< 120 m²) habitat characteristics (18 % and 37 % of variance explained by geomorphology and substrate composition, respectively). Substrate typological patches and geomorphological descriptors also structured the benthic community composition. This study provides tools for characterizing and predicting benthic community characteristics from multi-scale habitat descriptions in temperate rocky reefs. Previous article in issu
Role of trophic interactions in transfer and cascading impacts of plant protection products on biodiversity: a literature review
No full textInternational audiencePlant protection products (PPPs) have historically been one of the classes of chemical compounds at the frontline of raising scientific and public awareness of the global nature of environmental pollution and the role of trophic interactions in shaping the impacts of chemicals on ecosystems. Despite increasingly strong regulatory measures since the 1970s designed to avoid unintentional effects of PPPs, their use is now recognised as a driver of biodiversity erosion. The French Ministries for the Environment, Agriculture and Research commissioned a collective scientific assessment to synthesise the current science and knowledge on the impacts of PPPs on biodiversity and ecosystem services. Here we report a literature review of the state of knowledge on the propagation of PPP residues and the effects of PPPs in food webs, including biopesticides, with a focus on current-use PPPs. Currently used PPPs may be stronger drivers of the current biodiversity loss than the banned compounds no longer in use, and there have been far fewer reviews on current-use PPPs than legacy PPPs. We first provide a detailed overview of the transfer and propagation of effects of PPPs through trophic interactions in both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. We then review cross-ecosystem trophic paths of PPP propagation, and provide insight on the role of trophic interactions in the impacts of PPPs on ecological functions. We conclude with a summary of the available knowledge and the perspectives for tackling the main gaps, and address areas that warrant further research and pathways to advancing environmental risk assessment
Wildlife ecotoxicology of plant protection products: knowns and unknowns about the impacts of currently used pesticides on terrestrial vertebrate biodiversity
No full textInternational audienceAgricultural practices are a major cause of the current loss of biodiversity. Among postwar agricultural intensification practices, the use of plant protection products (PPPs) might be one of the prominent drivers of the loss of wildlife diversity in agroecosystems. A collective scientific assessment was performed upon the request of the French Ministries responsible for the Environment, for Agriculture and for Research to review the impacts of PPPs on biodiversity and ecosystem services based on the scientific literature. While the effects of legacy banned PPPs on ecosystems and the underlying mechanisms are well documented, the impacts of current use pesticides (CUPs) on biodiversity have rarely been reviewed. Here, we provide an overview of the available knowledge related to the impacts of PPPs, including biopesticides, on terrestrial vertebrates (i.e. herptiles, birds including raptors, bats and small and large mammals). We focused essentially on CUPs and on endpoints at the subindividual, individual, population and community levels, which ultimately linked with effects on biodiversity. We address both direct toxic effects and indirect effects related to ecological processes and review the existing knowledge about wildlife exposure to PPPs. The effects of PPPs on ecological functions and ecosystem services are discussed, as are the aggravating or mitigating factors. Finally, a synthesis of knowns and unknowns is provided, and we identify priorities to fill gaps in knowledge and perspectives for research and wildlife conservation
Participatory ecodesign of crop management based on Life Cycle Assessment: an approach to inform the strategy of a Protected Denomination of Origin. A case study in viticulture
No full textInternational audienceSince the context on environmental issues is challenging, the Cognac protected denomination of origin (PDO) adopted life cycle assessment (LCA) to inform its environmental strategy, initially focusing on vineyard soil management. This study developed a participatory eco-design approach involving stakeholders to inform the PDOs’ strategy for transitioning to less impactful crop management practices. It did this by drawing on literature that emphasises the use of participatory design, serious games, and LCA to foster knowledge sharing, engagement, and sustainability assessment. The approach that was put to the test in the Cognac PDO involved 17 elected officials with varying levels of experience. The participants used the serious game known as Vitigame (a game done for participatory ecodesign in viticulture) to ecodesign a soil management and fertilisation pathway for 2030, with the process guided by the results of the LCA. Exchange dynamics, LCA results, and participant feedback were analysed. The study revealed diverse dynamics and efficient ecodesign strategies among the participant groups, which resulted in a reduction of environmental impacts by up to 51% and raised new questions for the territory. The diversity of participants presented challenges, highlighting the need to improve LCA knowledge sharing. The workshop’s results could inform the PDO’s strategic planning. The interest of this innovative process including a serious game was confirmed, suggesting potential applications to other viticultural PDOs and adaptability to diverse sectors
Projet Tox’Amont : Détection des micropolluants en entrée et sortie de stations d’épuration urbaines sur 9 sites français avec le système ToxMate
No full textViewPoint hat das Bioüberwachungssystem ToxMate entwickelt, mit dem Mikroverunreinigungen vor Ort kontinuierlich und in Echtzeit nachgewiesen werden können. Es wird in städtischen oder industriellen Kläranlagen vor der Einleitung oder in Trinkwasseraufbereitungsanlagen für Rohwasser oder nach der Aufbereitung eingesetzt. Dieses Projekt wurde nach Gesprächen mit verschiedenen Betreibern von städtischen Kläranlagen ins Leben gerufen. Diese zeigten Interesse daran, den Eintrag von Mikroverunreinigungen verfolgen zu können, um schneller reagieren und gegebenenfalls auch die Quelle der Verschmutzung zurückverfolgen zu können. Feldversuche haben dank des am Auslauf installierten ToxMate gezeigt, dass bestimmte Mikroverunreinigungen die Reinigungsleistung der Biofilter verringern oder sogar zunichte machen können, wodurch die Kläranlage weniger effizient arbeitet.ViewPoint has developed the ToxMate biomonitoring system for continuous, real-time detection of micropollutants on site. It is used for applications in urban or industrial wastewater treatment plants prior to discharge, or in drinking water treatment plants on raw water or after treatment. This project was launched following discussions with various urban wastewater treatment plant operators. They expressed an interest in being able to monitor micropollutant inputs in order to respond more quickly and, potentially, trace the source of the pollution. Field results have shown that, thanks to the ToxMate placed at the outlet, certain micropollutants can reduce or even destroy the biological treatment capacity, making the plant less efficient.ViewPoint ha desarrollado el sistema de biomonitorización ToxMate para la detección continua y en tiempo real de microcontaminantes in situ. Se utiliza en aplicaciones urbanas o industriales de depuración de aguas residuales antes de su vertido, o en plantas de potabilización de aguas brutas o tras su tratamiento. Este proyecto se puso en marcha tras mantener conversaciones con diferentes operadores de plantas de depuración urbanas. Estos manifestaron su interés en poder realizar un seguimiento de los micropoluentes entrantes para poder reaccionar más rápidamente y, en su caso, poder remontarse al origen de la contaminación. Los resultados sobre el terreno han demostrado, gracias al ToxMate colocado en la salida, que algunos micropoluentes pueden reducir o incluso anular la capacidad de depuración biológica, lo que hace que la planta sea menos eficiente en su tratamiento.ViewPoint a développé le système de biosurveillance ToxMate de détection de micropolluants sur site, en continu et en temps réel. Il est utilisé pour des applications en STEP urbaines ou industrielles avant rejet ou sur des usines de potabilisation sur les eaux brutes ou après traitements. Le projet a consisté à installer un Tox'Amont en entrée de station et un ToxMate en sortie de station afin de corréler le signal d'alerte des invertébrés à la toxicité des effluents en entrée et en sortie de station. Ce projet a été lancé suite aux échanges avec différents exploitants de stations d'épuration urbaines. Ceux-ci ont manifesté l'intérêt de pouvoir suivre les intrants en micropolluants afin de pouvoir réagir plus rapidement et aussi, éventuellement, pouvoir remonter à la source de la pollution. Des résultats terrains ont en effet montré grâce au ToxMate placé en sortie, que certains micropolluants pouvaient diminuer voire annihiler les capacités d'épuration de la biologie rendant la station moins efficiente sur son traitement
Long-term plankton and environmental monitoring dataset from the marine protected area of the Iroise Marine Natural Park (2010–2023) in the Iroise Sea, North Atlantic
No full textInternational audienceAbstract. This data paper presents a long-term monitoring dataset of phytoplankton (2010–2022) and zooplankton (2010–2023) communities, as well as associated environmental parameters (2010–2023), from the Iroise Marine Natural Park, Iroise Sea, North Atlantic, France's first marine protected area (Drago et al., 2025). The dataset combines traditional microscopy-based phytoplankton counts with zooplankton data (abundances) obtained from digitized images using the ZooScan imaging system, along with surface and bottom temperature and salinity measurements. Sampling was conducted seasonally along two main transects and three coastal stations, capturing both spatial and temporal dynamics of plankton communities. Phytoplankton was identified at the species level by the same taxonomist during all the time series (573 taxa in total). From their individual images, zooplankton were automatically sorted into 103 taxonomic and morphological groups, validated by an expert, and compiled into a data table, allowing both community and individual approaches using abundances and biovolumes at both individual and community levels. Individual zooplankton images have also been made available for further morphometric analyses. This 14-year-long, spatially and temporally resolved zooplankton imaging dataset (available at https://doi.org/10.17882/105465) is part of an ongoing effort to enhance the availability of zooplankton imaging data, locally and globally. This, as a whole dataset, can be used to study the influence of coastal–offshore environmental gradients on marine plankton biodiversity patterns, especially in protected waters at the intersection of the English Channel and the Atlantic Ocean, in a region characterized by the presence of the Ushant front
