Portail HAL ISAR
Not a member yet
1152 research outputs found
Sort by
A novel combination of transcription factors and chromatin modifiers supporting naïve pluripotency in rabbit stem cells
No full textInternational audienceEmbryo-derived and induced pluripotent stem cells (ESCs and iPSCs, respectively) exist in two different states, designated naive and primed. Naïve and primed states differ by the signalling pathways, transcription factors and epigenetic regulators that hold the cells in one of either state. In rabbits, ESCs and iPSCs only exist in the primed state of pluripotency. We developed a strategy that led to identify factors capable of reprogramming rabbit iPSCs to a naïve-like state. Using rabbit iPSCs as a model system, we conducted an unbiased screening of a cDNA library encoding a panel of 36 factors, including transcription factors, epigenetic regulators and signalling molecules associated with naïve-state pluripotency in rodents and primates. All the factors were randomly introduced into rabbit primed iPSCs by means of lentivector infection, followed by clonogenic growth in a new culture media designated VALGöX.The three transgenes most frequently detected and associated with naive-state pluripotency include an arginine methyl transferase, a GTPase, and a transcription factor of the KLF family (designated KEP transgene combination). In order to confirm their action, these three genes were overexpressed in rabbit iPSC cells. Remarkably, the reprogrammed cells underwent epigenetic reconfiguration typical of naïve-state pluripotency including reactivation of the 2nd X-chromosome, and produced chimeric embryos with a high efficiency. Overall, our findings underscore a synergy between the VALGöX culture regimen and the KEP transgenes, enabling rabbit iPSCs to acquire the molecular and functional characteristics of naïve pluripotency
The future of cultured meat and its impact on livestock.
No full textFeed & Additive Magazine, https://www.feedandadditive.com/the-future-of-cultured-meat-and-its-impact-on-livestock/As a consequence of weak academic research in this area, cell-based food has not yet proven to be as healthy or so nutritious compared to meat from farm animals due to a lack of data. Research in nutrition with digestibility approaches needs to be conducted to study the absorption of nutrients from cell-based food by the human digestive tract. Regarding interactions with the environment, only a few studies have been conducted so far with no clear conclusion. In addition, livestock farming systems have weaknesses but also benefits not considered yet in the comparison with cell-based food
Mapping the development of agroecology in Europe - Country Reports Series, Vol. 1
No full textInternational audienceThis first book volume collects country reports produced by the AE4EU Horizon 2020 project and the European Association Agroecology Europe which involved a large number of organisations, as well as more than 25 "mappers" who conducted the work in different European countries. Among them were many members of the Agroecology Europe Youth Network (AEEUYN).The different volumes of the book series offer an illustrative state of the art of agroecology in Europe by synthesizing and providing key information on the common understanding of agroecology, as well as its development at the European level.To scale up agroecology, this first book volume provides critical information and analysis of the development of agroecology in different contexts, which is very much needed as a necessary step to attain larger insights about the state of the art of agroecology, as well as to support its expansion and use at the policymaker level.Documenting the development of agroecology in 13 European countries (Albania, Austria, Bosnia, Bulgaria, Croatia, Germany, Greece, Italy, Kosovo, Malta, Montenegro, North Macedonia, and Romania), this volume describes 112 initiatives, examples, cases, and programmes linked to agroecology, and the development of agroecology in these European countries as well as the diversity of use of the concept
Challenges and opportunities in the use of ponds and pondscapes as Nature-based Solutions
No full textInternational audienceAbstract Ponds and “pondscapes” (networks of ponds) are crucial habitats for biodiversity and for delivering multiple benefits to humans, so-called “Nature’s Contribution to People”, such as climate mitigation and adaptation to climate change, creation, and maintenance of habitat for biodiversity, water purification, flood mitigation and cultural benefits (e.g., recreational possibilities). However, ponds are not often considered as Nature-based Solutions to provide all these benefits. In addition, there is insufficient knowledge on how to manage and restore ponds to maximise their role to increase the resilience of ecosystems and society to climate change. To facilitate improved implementation of ponds as Nature-based Solutions for the delivery of a wide range of Nature Contributions to People, it is important to generate and integrate biodiversity, ecosystems, societal, economic and policy knowledge. Hence, there is a need for evidence-based guidance to support the broader use of ponds. Here, we review the role of ponds and pondscapes in delivering Nature’s Contributions to People and provide an overview of the challenges and opportunities for their broader implementation as Nature-based Solutions. Finally, we propose a conceptual framework that can help the implementation of pond Nature-based Solutions, and that outlines future research needs
Montagne et Alimentation : dynamiques et enjeux actuels dans les montagnes européennes
No full textInternational audience1. The Context of this Special Issue2. An Overview of the Articles in this Special Issue- Food as a Means of Territorial Transition- The Need to Consider the Ecological, Agroecological and Food Transitions as a Whole- The Reconfiguration of Mountain Populations and Urban-Rural Relations1. Le positionnement de ce numéro spécial2. Les articles- L’alimentation, support de projets de territoire en transition- Penser les transitions écologiques, agro-écologiques et alimentaires conjointement- Des populations montagnardes et des relations urbain-rural en recompositio
Food production and resource use of urban farms and gardens: a five-country study
No full textInternational audienceThere is a lack of data on resources used and food produced at urban farms. This hampers attempts to quantify the environmental impacts of urban agriculture or craft policies for sustainable food production in cities. To address this gap, we used a citizen science approach to collect data from 72 urban agriculture sites, representing three types of spaces (urban farms, collective gardens, individual gardens), in five countries (France, Germany, Poland, United Kingdom, and United States). We answered three key questions about urban agriculture with this unprecedented dataset: (1) What are its land, water, nutrient, and energy demands? (2) How productive is it relative to conventional agriculture and across types of farms? and (3) What are its contributions to local biodiversity? We found that participant farms used dozens of inputs, most of which were organic (e.g., manure for fertilizers). Farms required on average 71.6 L of irrigation water, 5.5 L of compost, and 0.53 m 2 of land per kilogram of harvested food. Irrigation was lower in individual gardens and higher in sites using drip irrigation. While extremely variable, yields at well-managed urban farms can exceed those of conventional counterparts. Although farm type did not predict yield, our cluster analysis demonstrated that individually managed leisure gardens had lower yields than other farms and gardens. Farms in our sample contributed significantly to local biodiversity, with an average of 20 different crops per farm not including ornamental plants. Aside from clarifying important trends in resource use at urban farms using a robust and open dataset, this study also raises numerous questions about how crop selection and growing practices influence the environmental impacts of growing food in cities. We conclude with a research agenda to tackle these and other pressing questions on resource use at urban farms
Histoire des Appellations d'Origine Contrôlées. Comparaison avec le vin français.
No full textInternational audienc
German consumers’ attitudes towards cultured meat
No full textSession 58, Poster 13International audienceMeat plays an important role in German nutrition, but recent surveys reveal a growing interest in plant based meatalternatives. The aim of this study was to document similarities and differences regarding the attitudes of potentialGerman consumers towards other meat alternatives such as cultured meat. For this purpose, the responses of 3,558German participants of an online survey were evaluated. More than 94% of the respondents were familiar with culturedmeat technology. Nearly 63% of them thought that this novel food is promising/acceptable and 22% indicated that itis absurd/disgusting. Most respondents believed that cultured meat is both a more ethical (67%) and environmentallyfriendly (58%) solution than conventional meat. In terms of future, almost 75% of respondents believed that culturedmeat production and consumption will be commercialised in more than 5 years. The vast majority (70%) would bewilling to try this new product, while around 57% only would be willing to eat it regularly. Among them, respondentscould imagine a regular consumption especially at home (47%), and in equal shares in restaurants and ready-to-eatmeals (37%). Around 40% would prefer to pay the same price as for conventional meat. Only 27% would be willingto pay more or much more whereas 33% want to pay less or much less. There were significant impacts of demographicfactors on the willingness to try, regularly eat, or pay for cultured meat. For example, a high willingness to try and toeat this new product was found among male respondents who were young (18-30 years), rarely meat’s consumers orwith a low income (<1,500€). This also applies to the female respondents, who, however, belonged to higher incomeclasses. Males with the highest income were only willing to pay much less/less for cultured meat. But females witha low income would like to pay the same/more. These results are important for the discussion of a paradigm changein global meat production
Relative effect of hydraulics, physico-chemistry and other biofilm algae on benthic cyanobacteria assemblages in a regulated river
No full textInternational audienceThe development of benthic cyanobacteria currently raises concern worldwide because of their potential to produce toxins. As a result, understanding which measures of biotic and abiotic parameters influence the development of cyanobacterial assemblages is of great importance to guide management actions. In this study, we investigate the relative contributions of abiotic and biotic parameters that may drive the development of cyanobacterial assemblages in river biofilms. First, a 2D hydrodynamic model allowed us to retrace changes in depths and velocities according to discharge at a 4 m2 resolution. From this model, we set up three hydraulic zones in each of the 4 reaches investigated along a 50-km-long river stretch. We further used univariate, multivariate and variance partitioning analyses to assess the contribution of past and present hydraulics, present physical and chemical parameters and algae to the temporal variability of cyanobacterial assemblage composition. The cyanobacterial assemblages were generally dominated by Phormidium sp., Lyngbya sp., Planktolyngbya sp. and Oscillatoria sp., four genera known to contain potentially toxic species. The highest biovolumes of cyanobacteria were present in low velocity zones in early summer and shifted to high velocity zones in late summer, highlighting the major influence of hydraulic parameters on benthic cyanobacteria settlement and development in rivers. Considering the identified genera, biofilms present a potentially high risk of toxin production. Relations between cyanobacterial development, toxin production and environmental parameters need to be further assessed to better estimate this risk
State of the art, update and gaps of knowledge about "cultured meat"
No full texthttps://www.youtube.com/watch?app=desktop&v=isV_n0BoUmw&ab_channel=TechBlic