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Drying-out as a key management practice for fish ponds, to promote primary producers and macrophytes species richness?
No full textFish ponds are, in the same time, ecosystems used for extensive fish production and contain significant biodiversity with rare, endemic or endangered species. Man-made pond in origin, their functioning is mainly influenced by management practices. One such practice is drying-out, which consists to drain the pond for an entire production season, to cause a disturbance of the ecosystem and mineralize the accumulated organic matter. However, there is a knowledge gap about its role in terms of ecosystem services.We analysed data (fish yields, abundance and diversity of primary producers) collected on 134 fish ponds in the Dombes region, France, since 2007. Management information, fertilization, liming and in particular the distance to the last dry-out, was collected from managers.Our results showed that the dry out year allowed a recolonization of aquatic plants during the first year with water, with levels of diversity and cover at their highest while the phytoplankton concentration is at its minimum. They are decreasing during the following wet years, in parallel with an increase in algae. From a fish production point of view, the best fish yields were observed the second year, where a balance between the two primary producers was reached.By encouraging the development and recolonization of the environment by macrophytes, and by enabling the presence of the two primary producers, drying out appears to be an important agro-ecological practice, in extensive pond fish farming, structuring the functioning of the ecosystem and the services rendered (fish production, promotion of biodiversity but also carbon storage)
Drying-out as a key management practice for fish ponds, to promote primary producers and macrophytes species richness?
No full textInternational audienceFish ponds are, in the same time, ecosystems used for extensive fish production and contain significant biodiversity with rare, endemic or endangered species. Man-made pond in origin, their functioning is mainly influenced by management practices. One such practice is drying-out, which consists to drain the pond for an entire production season, to cause a disturbance of the ecosystem and mineralize the accumulated organic matter. However, there is a knowledge gap about its role in terms of ecosystem services.We analysed data (fish yields, abundance and diversity of primary producers) collected on 134 fish ponds in the Dombes region, France, since 2007. Management information, fertilization, liming and in particular the distance to the last dry-out, was collected from managers.Our results showed that the dry out year allowed a recolonization of aquatic plants during the first year with water, with levels of diversity and cover at their highest while the phytoplankton concentration is at its minimum. They are decreasing during the following wet years, in parallel with an increase in algae. From a fish production point of view, the best fish yields were observed the second year, where a balance between the two primary producers was reached.By encouraging the development and recolonization of the environment by macrophytes, and by enabling the presence of the two primary producers, drying out appears to be an important agro-ecological practice, in extensive pond fish farming, structuring the functioning of the ecosystem and the services rendered (fish production, promotion of biodiversity but also carbon storage)
Development and Characterization of Pectin-Based Antimicrobial Packaging Films Containing Nanoemulsified Trans-Cinnamaldehyde
No full textInternational audienceIn this study, an antimicrobial plant-based film was developed using pectin which is incorporated by different percentages of nanoemulsified trans-cinnamaldehyde (TC). The nanoemulsion of TC was incorporated into pectin to form films containing TC at concentrations of 5.00%, 3.33%, 2.50% and 2.00% (w/w). The nanoemulsion of TC was formed by using soybean lecithin as an emulsifier and had a zeta potential of −57 mV and an average size of 106 nm. The analysis showed that the addition of emulsified TC enhanced the light barrier properties, but the opacity of films increased due to the increase in light absorption, coalescence, and light-scattering phenomena. Films containing the nanoemulsion of TC exhibited reduced tensile strength and elasticity due to structural discontinuities in the film network caused by the presence of the nanoemulsion of TC, while elongation at break increased for TC concentrations of 2.50% and 2.00%. The films retained their infrared spectra, but their thermal stability decreased slightly. The incorporation of TC nanoemulsion significantly reduced the glass transition temperature, as shown by the differential scanning calorimetry analysis. The active films showed antimicrobial activity against Listeria innocua and Escherichia coli, indicating their potential for various food applications
Urban pondscape connecting people with nature and biodiversity in a medium-sized European city (Geneva, Switzerland)
No full textInternational audienceThe current progressive increase in urbanisation is a contributing factor to the alarming rate of decrease in biodiversity worldwide, so it is critical to propose new solutions that bring nature, and their associated benefits, back to cities. Urban ponds and pondscapes are potential Nature-based Solutions that play a crucial role in the conservation and promotion of biodiversity, as well as providing other ecosystem services. Therefore, it is important to understand people's perception of the contribution that these ponds/pondscapes make in their daily lives. The aim of this study was to assess public perception of the value of the multiple ecosystem services, here referred to as Nature's Contributions to People (NCPs), provided by urban ponds with a focus on biodiversity. To achieve it, we conducted a face-to-face questionnaire survey among 331 visitors of urban parks and nature reserves in a medium-sized European city (Geneva, Switzerland). The results show that people highly value the different contributions provided by urban ponds, and that contact with nature is the main motivation for visiting urban pondscapes. Their positive view about the provided NCPs and also their acknowledgement of an improved quality of life suggest a public acceptance of these ponds. We also found that gender and income do not influence public perception of the contributions provided by urban pondscapes. Additionally, the biodiversity of urban ponds was highly appreciated, but there was a knowledge gap relating to biodiversity conservation, as both native and exotic species were valued equally. In conclusion, ponds are Nature-based Solutions that are very well adapted and accepted in cities, and in the future they should be part of the greening (and blueing) of urban planning to conserve and enhance freshwater biodiversity whilst also providing NCPs
Mise en œuvre des plantes de services : une grande diversité de modes d’insertion et de gestion: Chapitre 11
No full textInternational audienceSommaire : - Panorama des modes d’insertion possibles des plantes de services- Insertion intra-parcellaire synchrone- Insertion intra-parcellaire asynchrone (rotation et gestion de l’interculture)- Insertion et gestion des bandes végétalisées dans et autour de la parcell
Quelles plantes pour quels services : comment choisir ?: Chapitre 10
No full textInternational audienceSommaire : - Approche fonctionnelle pour le choix de plantes de services favorisant la régulation des bioagresseurs- Des mélanges de plantes diversifiés pour favoriser la lutte biologique par conservation- Régulation des adventices et gestion de la fertilité du sol : l’exemple des grandes culture
GRAAL - Management of a permanent cover crop by mowing between the rows of a main crop
No full textInternational audience1. IntroductionThe current societal, political, and regulatory context is leading farmers to search and develop low-input cropping systems based on agroecological levers. Sowing a permanent cover crop, usually legumes, in organic arable farming systems is an interesting lever for (i) increasing the quantities of N entering the system and which can be used by cash crops (Amossé et al., 2014; Guiducci et al., 2018), (ii) better managing weed flora, through better use of space and increased competition (Amossé et al., 2013), (iii) improving soil fertility (Duchene et al., 2017; Nyawade et al., 2019). One of the major difficulties lies in the management of the permanent cover in cash crops, to prevent it from competing too much with the crop and to provide the targeted services (Verret et al., 2017). To achieve these objectives, an inter-row mowing technique based on precise satellite guidance has been developed thanks to a collaboration with an agricultural machinery manufacturer. This technique was tested on different plots and in different production contexts during the years 2021-2023. The aim of this study is to draw up an initial assessment of the agronomic performances obtained, the difficulties encountered and the levers identified to overcome them.2. Materials and MethodsThe experiments were carried out at 5 experimental sites in France, covering a wide range of agropedoclimatic conditions. On each site, different types of permanent cover were studied (alfalfa, trefoil, clover and sainfoin) and sown between the rows of cash crops with a width of 30 cm. A cash crop control without permanent cover was also established. The cover crops were managed by regular mowing, with 2 to 3 cuts during the cash crop cycle. Agronomic monitoring consisted of regular measurements of mineral N residues, measurements of the biomass of ground cover returned to the soil and all the components of cash crop yields. In order to collect feedback from the various experimentation managers, interviews were carried out and provided a better understanding of the difficulties encountered in implementing the practice.3. Results and DiscussionOver the two cropping seasons, difficulties were encountered in implementing the practice of regular mowing of perennial legumes. For all the sites, grain cereal yields in treatments with one or two years old perennial cover were 2 to 25 q/ha lower than those obtained in the controls. These results can be explained by strong and rapid competition from perennial cover crops, poorly managed in particular by (i) difficulties in accessing mowing equipment at the right time, (ii) weather conditions that did not always allow the mower to be used at the right stage, or (iii) poor positioning of crops when sowing. However, protein levels improved overall, partly because of the lower yields. Furthermore, the performance obtained varies between species, with alfalfa phenotypes better adapted to this type of management. Despite the difficulties encountered, a number of lessons can be learned and a multi-criteria analysis will enable us to dentify the positive and negative effects obtained, and to formalise the obstacles and levers to the implementation of this practice. Many organic farmers and researchers are interested in the results of the GRAAL project (funded by the French Ministry of Agriculture). Overcoming the technical difficulties encountered could mean that managing a permanent cover crop by mowing the inter-row could become a practice that promotes the agro-ecological transition of farming systems
'OUTILLAGE' -Tools to help farmers innovate on their farms
No full textThis issue brings together publications relating to the French agricultural and rural development programmes (PNDAR). These projects are funded by the Compte d'affectation développement agricole et rural (CASDAR) 2017.International audienceThe agroecological transition of farms requires an in-depth change in advisory approaches, placing the farmer at the centre of a co-innovation and adaptive management approach. In this context, the main objective of the OUTILLAGE project was to close the gap in operational resources to support these new approaches, by developing tools to support farmers in their system change. Led by Terres Inovia, the project brought together 22 partners for 4 years. It relied on three farmer networks (Berry network, VIVESCIAgrosol club, AGRO D'OC group) to produce three types of tools: (i) dashboards applied to obtaining a robust rapeseed and to the success of sunflower in conservation agriculture, (ii) a decision tree applied to the transition to conservation agriculture, (iii) observation methods to feed these different tools. In this article we also describe the diversity of approaches to advising/supporting farmers and therefore the diversity of expectations in terms of tools and their uses, highlighted during the project. Finally, we propose a framework to help with the construction and use of customised tools, to contribute to scale up these new approaches of innovation support
Editorial: Novel trends in cultured meat research
No full textInternational audienceAccording to a rather large number of scientists, investors and stakeholders, cultured meat (CM) industry is on the cusp of a revolution, growing at rapid pace and is expected to be a significant player in the global meat market in the near future. As the CM industry rapidly evolves, it is essential to critically examine the scientific underpinnings and obstacles encountered in the use of bioreactors, scaffolds including nanofibers, microcarriers, etc. for CM cell expansion, the urgent need for single-cell analysis of CM cell types and issues related to genetic drift and stem cell adherence during CM cell growth. Further, understanding consumer attitudes and preferences toward future CM products is another important aspect that will certainly aid the CM sector move in the right direction.Our Research Topic on “Novel trends in cultured meat research” had published seven articles addressing the most critical and recent developments in global CM sector in following order as detailed below
Technological Aspects of Bridging the Gap Between Cell-Based Food and Conventional Meat
No full textInternational audienceCell-based food, including cultured meat, introduces an innovative complement to our dietary options, introducing cellular agriculture and tissue engineering on the meat market together with traditional livestock farming. Originating from medical tissue cultivation techniques, this approach is now tailored for food production, prioritizing cost-effectiveness, palatability, and resource efficiency. As technology strives to efficiently upscale production, consumer acceptance stands as a key factor in adopting this new protein source. This review explores advances in cultivating muscle and fat tissues in vitro, emphasizing the importance of achieving muscle maturity, innovating scaffolds, and optimizing media composition to closely replicate the qualities of meat. It also addresses quality assessments of cultured meat based on its texture, nutritional content, and flavor. A concise examination of consumer perceptions reveals that acceptance is influenced by a blend of cultural, psychological, and social factors, balancing the positive potential outlook on cultured meat’s benefits for society, the environment, and animal welfare against concerns about its unnaturalness, uncertainty, and safety. Demographic trends suggest higher acceptance among younger, well-educated and urban individuals, contrasting with reservations from those more familiar with the traditional meat sector. Addressing these varied viewpoints is essential for a better understanding of public acceptance if cultured meat is effectively introduced into our future food systems. As media interest in this alternative is still high, aligning technological developments with consumer expectations is crucial for the potential market introduction of cultured meat