Collection HAL Kedge Business School
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Procurement-network contributions to healthcare supply chain resilience: a case study from Canada
No full textInternational audienceThis article investigates how the healthcare sector can reorganize its procurement network to better balance its resilience and cost-minimization objectives
Unlocking Effective Coordination: A Knowledge-Based Multilevel Perspective on Supplier Integration into Product Development
No full textInternational audienceSupplier integration into product development (SIPD) provides better access to the specialized knowledge of suppliers but brings about interdependencies and difficulties related to effective coordination. The literature implicitly assumes that coordination in SIPD can be understood and resolved through a single-level view. This article challenges this assumption and argues for simultaneous attention to knowledge interdependencies at the product, supplier, and buyer–supplier levels. Component modularity, supplier knowledge modularity, and knowledge complementarity are focal concepts at each respective level. Theorizing from a knowledge-based multilevel perspective, this article constructs a typology of effective coordination. Interrelationships among the concepts reveal patterns of required coordination embedded in the system before product development, enabling partners to effectively direct coordination efforts during development. The framework exposes a dilemma overlooked in the single-level coordination view. For example, when there is low component modularity and high supplier knowledge modularity (i.e., opposing forces for and against coordination), it is difficult to reason how to coordinate SIPD. Proposing that each high/low modularity configuration calls for a specific type of knowledge complementarity, this article contributes to resolving this dilemma
Impact of financial literacy on financial inclusion and household financial decisions: exploring the role of ICTs
No full textInternational audienceThe objective of this paper is to assess the extent of financial literacy andthe impact of access to and use of ICTs (information and communicationtechnologies) on household financial decisions, such as savings, retirementplanning, household budgeting, and engagement in financial markets. Thisstudy analyzes survey data collected from 409 households belonging tothe low- and middle-income brackets across four cities in Pakistan. Byemploying probit model, it finds that a higher level of (advanced) financialliteracy is associated with an increased likelihood of improved savings andhousehold budgeting. However, the overall financial literacy score (basicplus advanced) is associated only with savings decision. Additionally, theresults reveal that the ICTs adoption plays a role in influencing decisionsrelated to financial market participation and savings. The results also showthat financial literacy, along with ICTs, positively influences financial marketparticipation and retirement decisions. Nevertheless, results suggest mixedimpacts of financial literacy and ICTs on financial decisions which lendspartial support to the study hypotheses. In conclusion, our results underscorethe importance of financial literacy alongside ICT adoption to promotefinancial market participation and improve household financialmanagement
Experimental and numerical analysis of structural inhomogeneity of grooved compacts
No full textInternational audienceStructural inhomogeneity developed within compacted powders using punches with grooved surfaces, is a critical issue due the cracking tendency. This study aims to provide a better understanding of the structural inhomogeneity according to the design of the punch surfaces using a finite element modelling. Two case studies are compared. In this modelling, the Drucker-Prager Cap model with density-dependent parameters is considered while the density distributions of manufactured grooved compacts are determined using X-ray tomography. The structural inhomogeneity is then analysed with the goal to determine which punch design is likely to improve the homogeneity.The contact-stress, stress and density distributions within the compact are computed. Predictions of the density distributions are validated from the measurements and show high densified regions localized essentially under the grooves and decreases drastically towards the compact center. The inhomogeneity of structure generated by each punch design is explained by the resulting contact-stress and the wall friction. A notable improvement of the homogeneity is qualitatively showed using the design of five instead of two grooves which was confirmed by X-ray tomography images and modelling thanks to the regular distribution of contact-pressure over the powder bed, even though this last is not uniform
Understanding Entrepreneurial Commitment : A Test of Side-Bet Theory
No full textInternational audienceThis paper contributes to the burgeoning literature on entrepreneurial commitment by providing a first empirical investigation of Howard Becker’s side-bet theory in the context of nascent entrepreneurship. We investigate how different forms of commitment relate to both entrepreneurial behavior and various side-bet categories: satisfying conditions, non-work concerns, others’ expectations, impersonal bureaucratic arrangements, perceived lack of alternatives, individual adjustments to social positions, and self-presentation concerns. We collected data from a representative sample (n = 242) of individuals granted with the French national student-entrepreneur status (NSES). Results froms hierarchical linear regressions reveal different patterns of side bets associated with entrepreneurial commitment, depending on its nature (value-based or exchange-based) and on its focus (the project or the profession). Our study (1) extends side-bet theory to the field of entrepreneurship and (2) improves understanding of factors associated with commitment during the volitional phase of the entrepreneurial process.<br /
The social and environmental responsibility of informal artisanal and small-scale mining in Ghana: An Akan philosophical perspective
No full textInternational audienceInformal artisanal and small-scale mining (ASM) continues to grow globally, raising both challenges and opportunities in terms of economic, social, and environmental impacts. The ASM literature explores the formalization and transfer of corporate social responsibility (CSR) practices from larger firms as the pathway to minimize negative impacts and maximize benefits. But we know very little about environmental and social responsibilities of informal mining operations (and informal economy actors in general, who are often portrayed as devoid of these responsibilities). This paper aims to theorize and empirically explore principles and practices of social and environmental responsibility in informal mining. We combine elements of relational stakeholder theory with Ghana’s Akan philosophy to develop our theoretical framework. Through a qualitative research process involving thematic analysis – of field notes from field observations and 81 interviews with ASM miners, community leaders/residents and executive members of Small-Scale Mining Association–Prestea Branch in Ghana – and pattern-matching technique, we find that: a) informal ASM is culturally and relationally motivated to be socially and environmentally responsible, b) there is a model of informal social and environmental responsibility (ISER) that is characterized by commonality, solidarity, tradition, and human-nature interdependencies, and c) social and environmental responsibilities are interpreted in a distinctive, non-Western way and comply with two main informal norms: gifting for social responsibilities and taboos for environmental responsibility. We conclude by suggesting that governments should collaborate with traditional authorities to promote ISER practices as cultural norms
Robust optimal design of a tree-based water distribution network with intermittent demand
No full textInternational audienceThis paper discusses the design of a tree-shaped water distribution system for small, dispersed rural communities. It revisits the topic that was discussed in the literature and is nowadays implemented in the field. It proposes a new approach to pipe selection based on robust optimization to account for the uncertainty inherent in intermittent demands. It also proposes a fast projected reduced Newton method of calculating stationary flows to test theperformance of the networks thus designed by Monte-Carlo simulation. Numerical experiments conducted on real study cases have shown promising results both in terms of quality and performance of the generated robust solutions and in terms of computation time for simulations
Coupling simulation and machine learning for predictive analytics in supply chain management
No full textInternational audiencePredictive analytics is the approach to business analytics that answers the question of what might happen in the future. Although predictive information is critical for making forward-looking decisions, traditional approaches struggle to cope with the increasing uncertainty and complexity that characterise modern supply chains. Simulation is limited by insufficient timeliness, while machine learning is constrained by poor interpretability and data scarcity. Inspired by the complementary nature of simulation and machine learning, an integrated predictive analytics approach is proposed and applied to a humanitarian supply chain. By coupling simulation and machine learning, predictive models can be developed with limited historical data, and pre-crisis performance assessment can be performed to facilitate timely and informed decisions. The proposed approach enables managers to gain valuable insights into the complex evolution of the uncertain future, which also opens up the possibility of further integration with optimisation and digital twins
A randomized controlled trial to test the effects of displaying the Nutri-Score in food advertising on consumer perceptions and intentions to purchase and consume
No full textInternational audienceSome research shows that advertising for high-fat, sugar, or salt (HFSS) products is contributing to a shift in consumer preferences toward products of poor nutritional quality, leading to unhealthy nutritional intakes that increase the risk of obesity and chronic diseases. A strategy of displaying simple and understandable nutritional information (like the front-of-pack nutrition label Nutri-Score) in food messages could be an aid to help guide consumers’ choice towards healthier products. Methods A randomized controlled experiment was conducted on 27,085 participants randomly assigned to two experimental conditions or a control condition. In both experimental conditions (independent variable: advertising messages with vs. without the Nutri-Score), participants were exposed to advertisements for diversified food products with contrasting nutritional quality and belonging to nine different food categories. Participants were then asked questions about their perception, affective evaluation, and intentions to purchase and consume the products. In the control condition, they were not exposed to the advertisements. Results Overall, interaction effects between the two variables (1) the messages with vs. without the Nutri-Score and (2) the nutritional quality of products, were significant for all dependent variables, with effect sizes between large and medium. Overall, the better the products’ nutritional quality, the more positive their perceptions, affective evaluations, and intentions to buy and consume them. When the Nutri-score was displayed in advertising messages (vs. when it was not), perceptions, affective evaluation, and behavioral intentions: (1) became more positive for products of good nutritional quality (Nutri-score A and B), (2) became more negative for products of poor nutritional quality (Nutri-score D and E), (3) changed little or not at all for products of intermediate nutritional quality (Nutri-Score C). Conclusions This research is the first in the literature to demonstrate that displaying the Nutri-Score in advertising messages assists consumers in directing their choices towards healthier foods. Regulations mandating the display of the Nutri-Score in food advertising could be an effective public health measure