International Journal of Social Sciences & Humanities (IJSSH)
Not a member yet
96 research outputs found
Sort by
EVOLUTION OF SMES IN PAKISTAN AND KEY CHALLENGES THAT HAMPERS THEIR EXPANSION
Get PDF“Small and Medium Enterprises” commonly referred to as SMEs have had a pivotal role in socio-economic development across the globe. Much of the growth of leading economies in Asia - Pacific came from the growth of SMEs, in the 1990s, that acted as “Economic Engine” to lift millions from poverty and provided a sustainable platform for socio-economic development. In Pakistan, the SMEs continuum is widespread with a footprint in every sector of the economy and accounts for 30-40% of GDP. These SMEs are not only the source of employment but act as a major supply chain component for “Large Scale Manufacturing” (LSM) and “Services Sector” of the country. Pakistan, since the 1990s, had attempted to rejuvenate SMEs’ growth by offering lucrative business opportunities and enacting the “Small and Medium Enterprise Development Authority” (SMEDA) and later by promulgating a coherent Policy Framework in 2007 with the aim to propel growth and expansion. Nonetheless, serious policy and implementation challenges like business regulations, bureaucratic glitches, skilled human resource shortage, limited investment, etc., have mired the growth of SMEs and as a result, the true potential of SMEs could not be fully realized in Pakistan. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to analyze the SMEs’ growth in Pakistan and to determine the key Challenges that Hampers their Expansion. The paper concludes that there are a number of factors that have created hindrances towards the successful growth and expansion of SMEs. On the basis of analysis and conclusions, remedies have been recommended
Kashmir Struggle for Freedom: Proposed Solutions
Get PDFThe central cause of incessant tensions and consecutive wars between two nuclear nations i.e., Pakistan and India in South Asia is the Kashmir dispute for the last seventy-three years. Numerous efforts inclusive of multiple dialogues and negotiations were made, but in vain chiefly because of India’s stubborn agenda, and its inflexible policies and approach towards the stance of Kashmir and also unshaken trust deficits between two hostile enemy neighbors. However, with the abrogation of Article 370 and 35(A) Kashmir conflict has turned into different paradigmatic dimensions. It has not only pushed the valley into an unending turmoil with changing the autonomous status of Jammu and Kashmir. It has also created the enormous imbalance in the demographic status of this region as a Muslim majority state in India. Moreover, most of the local Kashmiris have been struggling for the right to self-determination for many decades which was promised to them by the Instrument of Accession of 1947, and the UN resolutions through a Plebiscite. Therefore, the peaceful solution is the need of the time to make this beautiful heavenly place on earth a place of the mental serene and physical comfort of its inhabitants as they are suffering from an ordeal due to the oppression and human rights violations by Indian security forces. This thorny conflict necessitates and also utterly demands a systematic and sustainable solution with the help of the international community and the United Nations. The outcome of this study depicts that the desire for independence in Kashmir is evident, although a feasible solution to this dispute is not possible
Teaching English for Communication in Professional and Technical Education
Get PDFEnglish has the status of an associate language in India, but in fact it has become the most important language. English in India is used not only for communicating with the outside world, but also for inter-state and intra-state communication. English is very important in some systems legal, financial, educational and business. English symbolizes in Indians’ minds better education, better culture and higher intellect. However, most Indians who know English often intersperse it with Indian languages in their conversation. It is also usual among Indians to speak fluently in English abruptly in the middle of their conversation. The paper deals with the importance of communicative English language competence in every walk of the professional life of an engineer for his bright future and how teachers and students need to make integrated efforts to build their competency in English, skills that would enable students to be successful in studies, campus interviews and their corporate life
THE BEGINNING OF TRANSLATION MOVEMENT IN EARLY SAFAVID ERA FROM 907 TO 1038, A.H/1502-1633
Get PDFOne of the most important dynasties was Safavid dynasty for translation movement. Shah Tahmasp and Shah Ismail ordered translation of some books to the translators of that period. These translated religious books were beneficial for layman Iranians to have access to Shi’ism teachings. However, the review of the related studies shows that there are limited studies on the translation history in Iran. The researcher tried to investigate the influential translators and their translations which other researchers did not survey before. The aim of the present research was to investigate the beginning of the translation movement in Safavid dynasty from 907 to 1038 A.H. This research used two models of Polysystem theory (Even-Zohar, 1990) and Bourdieu (1990a)’s model to investigate biography of translators of Safavid era and translated religious books from 907 to 1038 A.H. Because of Shia religion, some translators decided to translate religious books. The researcher found 10 influential translators and nearly 26 books which were translated from Arabic into Persian in the respective time. Translators of Safavid era were persons like Sheikh Bahai, Ali ibn-e Hassan Zavarei, Mohammad Bagher Sabzevari. The results can provide the most important translated religious books such as Al-Ehtejaj, Kashf al-Gommeh, Tafsir al-Quran, etc
WOMEN AS A VICTIM OF PATRIARCHAL CONSTRUCT IN THE PAKISTANI BRIDE AND WATER
Get PDFBapsi Sidwa an ambassador of Pakistan Literature is not only a story teller but an artist who has very enigmatically related the plight and exploitation of women in the patriarchal society. When we talk of ‘Feminism’ we refer to the movement which has played an important role in projecting the suppressed status of women in the patriarchal society. The term also signifies the emergence of the power of the women over the constructs of male dominance and a movement to acquire the equal rights of the women with men in all walks of life, social, moral, economic legal and so on. Men establish their masculinity and feel elated and victorious as aggressors whereas women endure the pain and barbarity with humiliation and subjugation. But Sidwa talks about the emancipation of women just as she has done in her real life so the women in her fictional world. Her characters are intelligent, beautiful, strong willed, courageous and modest and not rebellious. The parental, societal and psychological pressures seem to loom large in their lives but when they find their identity in danger, they throw off the shackles and try to counter the foul attempts of their adversaries with grit and determination. In The Pakistani Bride and Water both the novels Bapsi Sidwa talks about the marginalized persona of indigenous society whose position is cowed to the absolute minimum. She counters the domineering patriarchal discourse of Pakistani literature by providing an alternative image of a strong and confident female. The objective of this paper is to show the changes in the role of women corresponding to the social, economic, cultural and political changes in life and their struggle for self-emancipation so that they have the power to take decisions of their life without the support of others. In the twenty first century the works of women writers have tried to transform the social and psychological life of women
Resilience of Woman in Amrita Pritam’s Pinjar
Get PDFDuring Independence of the Nation, where the country was being divided on the bases of religion, women were being victimized, oppressed and traumatized for being a ‘Woman’. This has been rendered in writings of various writers who have shown an agonizing and harrowing condition of women by citing events which occurred during partition of India and Pakistan. But this was only one side of the coin as on the other side there were women who strongly opposed the harassment being done on them or others either by killing or dying in the struggle. Amrita Pritam’s novel Pinjar has broken the stereotype image of women and shown a strong character like Puroo, who defy the social law and acts like an impregnable bird who can never be captured again in the cage of society. The aforesaid novel clearly depicts the resilience of women and enunciates the victimized as strong, powerful gender that not only suffered the geographical, mental, physical and social partition but also sacrificed their life as true martyrs. The proposed paper would highlight the resilience of Puroo, a victim of cross-religious conflict, who is abducted by a man who later marries her. She also takes up a stand on her decision of staying back with her abductor husband during the Recovery Programme of 1947. She does that only because he accepted her when her own people were not ready to do so. Puroo manifests the condition of all the women who were not allowed to come back by their family in fear of social stigma. She asserted herself by saying that after her abduction “religion had become an insurmountable obstacle; neither her parents nor her in-laws had been willing to accept her. And now the same religion had become so accommodating!” She delineates into the fact that a woman is not an object which can be exchanged on the possessors will; rather a woman has all the right to decide what she wants or whom she wants to choose. Amrita Pritam also shows Puroo as a woman who despite herself being a sufferer does not confines to her own suffering but has a panorama of the condition of women during Partition. She delves in temerarious situation while trying to save her sister-in-law from her abductor; she secretively keeps her in her house and hands over her sister-in-law to her husband. Thus she is an epitome of a strong woman who stands as a model for the society. A reading of Pinjar is a clear testimony to the fact that Amrita Pritam dared to be different and didn’t portray partition victims’ only as pathetic creatures depending for male support or shedding tears and taking pity on their painful past but as true martyrs who underwent silent sacrifice
ANALYZING THE WAY OF SEBASTINIAN SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS IN WRITING FILIPINO WORDS
Get PDFThis study aims to determine the way of writing the following Filipino word construction: use of apostrophes in omitting phonemes; use of apostrophes in contraction of two words; use of <d> and <r>; use of <nag> and <ng>; and <na’ng>; and use of hyphen. The researcher selected respondents with the use of the cluster sampling technique that has its freedom to select respondents from the group of populations. Teacher-made test is the instrument for this study. Frequency count, mean, standard deviation, t-test for independent samples, and analysis of variance were used to synthesize the results. Based on the results, respondents performed fairly in writing and spelling out Filipino words. Furthermore, problems in orthographic literacy were manifested in item analysis due to the unfamiliarity in the correct spelling of morphemes and its rules. However, when it comes to comparative analysis of data in terms of demographic profile, some group performance in word construction manifested significant differences
The Exploration of Ambivalence and Hybridity in 'The Tempest'
Get PDFThe paper focuses on how ambivalence sets off a scandalous locus exclusively intended for Caliban and Ariel in 'The Tempest'. Caliban, a colonized-divided-self, is incapable of reproducing himself accurately to the European settlers. This provocative feature stimulates Caliban and Ariel to be turbulent for liberty resulting from their resistance and rebellion against Prospero and the colonial legacy reinforcing their hybridization that intimidates Prospero too to lose his sole authority over the island, and trials his monolithic power. Ariel is a submissive spirit unlike Caliban; he is deprived of the concrete human figure where Caliban is portrayed as a semi-human creature. Consequently, the ambivalent portrayal of Ariel and Caliban emphasizes the blend of convoluted identities in a hybrid formation, which invites the postcolonial critics to debate on
SILENCES & SURVIVAL OF INDIAN WOMAN IN SHASHI DESHPANDE’S THAT LONG SILENCE
Get PDFFeminism is a belief that women and men should have equal rights and opportunities. Although women have gained a lot in the past century, there is still inequality in many areas. Feminism emerged as a worldwide movement to secure women's rights on one hand and love, sympathy, respect, and understanding from the males. Shashi Deshpande is a prominent name is Indian Literature to be known for working radically in terms of feminism in most of her works. Depicting the actual and existing state of women in Indian society, she writes about the conflicts between tradition and modernity in relation to women in the middle-class society. In her Novels, woman is the central character in search of her individuality and existence
Developing Reading Skills through Effective Reading Approaches
Get PDFThe research paper explores that how the students can develop their reading skills by using effective reading approaches. It is acknowledged that the reading comprehension is one of the most important parts in the English curriculum in all education level of Bangladesh. It is observant that teaching reading approaches are considered as an important procedure to develop the skills of the Bangladeshi students. In Bangladesh most of the teachers do not have the idea of teaching reading approaches. For this reason, the teachers should need to enhance their skills, knowledge and gathering proper idea about effective reading approaches as well as need to prepare themselves to utilize their practical experiences and knowledge on to their students. So the prime purpose of this study to show the effective reading approaches in order to develop student's reading skills in English. From June to December in 2018, an action research has been applied to a number of 40 students at higher secondary level in Manikganj, Bangladesh. The most important question of the study is "could the reading approaches help student's English reading comprehension studies?" The outcome of the study specifies that students who have been tutored about the reading strategies have a development to a great level