International Journal of Social Sciences & Humanities (IJSSH)
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COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF POLITICAL THOUGHTS OF AL-KINDI AND IMAM GHAZALI
Get PDFPolitically, Al-Kindi advocated the notion of socialism and Imam-Ghazali backed Theo-democracy. Both scholars endorse the rights of the people. According to them, no government can flourish solely either based on people or God. A successful state is nourished when people and religion are prioritized equally. Al-Kindi proposed extreme socialism by proposing that no man should have a monopoly on things perceived by the senses, lest he becomes covetous when others have the same right as them. Covetousness is bad. God reserves the right to distribute these things. Only the mind's possessions last. None can steal them. Al-Ghazali believed that influential people represent the community's support, not God's power. Al-Ghazali stressed that public support determines success or failure. Al-Ghazali rejected theocracy and authoritarianism. The emphasis on implementing governance based on religion, law, and morals shows the paradox. He stressed that rulers must prioritize justice and prevent injustice. The authors acknowledge the Rays and Ahmad al-'Arafat al-Qadi that democratic procedures represented by the ahl al-Shawkah gave rulers authority. Democracy is desirable, however. Al- Ghazali's Theo-democracy is a participatory government that respects religious authority
CRY FROM WITHIN: THE LIVED EXPERIENCES OF SME OWNERS DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Get PDFThe COVID-19 pandemic has widely diverse effects on businesses worldwide, particularly Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) that began with debt and continue to operate with debt. Before the outbreak, SMEs have already difficulties managing their existing debts. Hence, this study was designed to identify the debt management strategies of SMEs during the COVID-19 pandemic. Qualitative-narratology research design was employed. In order to gather data, the researchers utilized semi-structured, in-depth interview to a sample of 10 SMEs owners from Santiago City selected through purposive sampling. The gathered data were analyzed though NVIvo. It was found out that due to indebtedness, SMEs experienced business shutdown, resorted to informal money lenders, insolvency, unsettled loans and repetitive borrowing while their coping mechanisms towards indebtedness were personal saving scheme, debt-settlement budget allocation, putting eggs in other baskets and responsibility and accountability. It was also found out that frugality, financial planning, working capital management and business liquidity management were their debt management strategies. While the factors attributing to these strategies were effective cash reserve handling, conservative credit management and discipline. The study recommends SMEs to restructure their budget, control their cash flow, maintain cash reserves and opt for debt consolidation loan
INQUIRY-BASED TEACHING IN SECONDARY SCIENCE
Get PDFInquiry-based science teaching shifts traditional classrooms by putting students in charge of their learning, promoting active exploration, critical thinking, and problem-solving. This approach deepens scientific understanding and cultivates a lifelong passion for science. Thus, this study aimed at establishing the status of the implementation of inquiry-based teaching in secondary science. Employing a descriptive research to 79 science teachers in the locale of this study, it is concluded that the respondents exhibit a commendable commitment to professional learning opportunities, with widespread availability and frequent utilization, underscoring a dedication to ongoing teacher development. Administrative support for inquiry-based learning is strong, characterized by a very high level of implementation, indicating active endorsement by school leadership. However, resources for inquiry instruction are moderately available, suggesting room for improvement in material accessibility and availability. Despite this supportive administrative environment and a classroom culture encouraging inquiry, teachers infrequently implement inquiry-based instruction, revealing a potential gap between administrative intent and classroom practice. In essence, while the study locale lays a robust foundation for promoting inquiry-based learning, bridging the disconnection between administrative support and teacher practice is essential for maximizing the impact of this innovative teaching approach in enhancing science education
ACTION RESEARCH ATTITUDE OF TEACHER-RESEARCHERS IN A SCHOOLS-DISTRICT IN QUIRINO PROVINCE, PHILIPPINES
No full textWithin the realm of educational research, understanding educators' attitudes towards various aspects of the research process holds paramount importance. This study delves into such attitudes, unveiling valuable insights into prevailing dispositions among respondents. Notably, a substantial high lackadaisical attitude is prevalent, notably concerning action research execution, personal interest, research application, and research-related apprehensions. Conversely, respondents exhibit a more balanced perspective in approaching research difficulties, showcasing a moderate lackadaisical stance that contrasts with the pronounced attitudes observed in other dimensions. The significance of these findings is rooted in their potential implications for refining educational practices. To address the identified high lackadaisical attitudes, tailored interventions are recommended, including strategies to enhance action research engagement, nurture personal interest, alleviate research anxiety, and promote research utilization. Capitalizing on the moderate lackadaisical attitude towards research challenges presents an opportunity for proactive approaches to surmounting obstacles. In essence, these insights form a bedrock for shaping future educational initiatives, fostering a culture of proactive inquiry and enriching the landscape of research engagement within the educational context
ANALYSIS OF PANDEMIC PICTURE BOOKS FOR CHILDREN BASED ON THE BOOK BY SLAVOJ ŽIŽEK, PAN[DEM]IC! COVID-19 SHAKES THE WORLD
Get PDFThe article contains an analysis of the pandemic and pandemic picturebooks based on the book by the established Slovenian philosopher, Slavoj Žižek, Pan[dem]ic! Covid-19 shakes the world (2020), which consists of ten chapters. For the analysis of selected pandemic picture books, supposedly intended for children, the fifth chapter is relevant, entitled Five phases of the epidemic, which Žižek connects with the phases of dying (after Elizabeth Kubler Ross). Žižek says that the virus is similar to an asteroid that can destroy the world. He concludes with the thought that humanity has learned nothing from ecology which reminds us that humans are just one of the living beings on planet Earth and that we are more dependent on nature than we think. According to Žižek, the virus will have a catastrophic impact on the economy, travel, social life, technology, etc. Žižek points out the paradox that technological development has made humanity more independent and at the same time more dependent on nature. The best example of this is COVID-19. The article will try to answer the question of whether pandemic picture books are a reflection of the pandemic or panic
THE CULTURE OF EXCHANGING CHILDREN’S CLOTHES BETWEEN PARENTS AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO SUSTAINABILITY IN CONSUMER BEHAVIOR
Get PDFThis study explores the emerging trend of exchanging children's clothes as a sustainable practice and analyzes mothers' acceptance of this phenomenon. Using a descriptive analytical approach, the research surveyed mothers' attitudes towards this practice through a questionnaire. The found that a large majority (88.3%) of the mothers surveyed are aware of the practice of exchanging children's clothes, indicating that this concept is widely known among the participants. Moreover, the majority of mothers surveyed (83%) have engaged in the exchange of children's clothes with family or friends. This high level of participation suggests that this form of exchange is a common practice. The study underscores the need to boost awareness about the environmental benefits of such exchanges, given the typically brief usage span of children's clothes due to their rapid growth. It also proposes innovative strategies to enhance clothing exchange gatherings and advocates for instilling the principles of exchange and giving in the younger generation to reinforce the concept of sustainability in clothing
LEGISLATION ON VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN - INTERNATIONAL LEGAL AND POLICY INSTRUMENTS
Get PDFUntil recently, human rights were treated as a field-a matter of internal competence of states, therefore neither a state nor the international community had the right to raise the issue of human rights violations in a state without the risk that this should be interpreted as interference in internal affairs on that country. However, the international community, especially after the creation of international organizations-the League of Nations and the United Nations, pays more and more attention to the well-being of the individual-Man, as one of the most important conditions for maintaining peace, security, stability and democracy. Even today, in many countries of the world, human rights and basic freedoms are violated in a brutal way: ethnic, racial or religious minorities are oppressed, discrimination, genocide is practiced, and most importantly, VIOLENCE is practiced, which proves that the struggle for the full integration of this field of rights has not yet been obtained everywhere. Violence against women as a phenomenon appears everywhere. Each country with its national laws combats acts of violence in a way that ensures criminal prosecution, where they provide support to the victim and strengthen the prevention of acts of violence against women. At the core of violent behavior in the family are historically unequal relationships as a result of the views about the power of men and women-power is a function of achieving control in the family and over its members by creating violent relationships where these victims of relationships are women, children and elderly persons. States have an obligation to create various laws and policies that protect violence against women at national and international levels, but in many countries the legislation is limited and not enforced
EDUCATION AND MOTHERHOOD: STRUGGLES OF MOTHERS IN PURSUIT OF COLLEGE EDUCATION
Get PDFSchooling is critical to a young woman’s life. This can affect the future aspects of her life. But when a woman plays the role of a student while at the same time parenting a child, then that’s a different story to tell. The present study used Phenomenological Analysis (PA) to explore the struggles of student mothers in pursuit of their college education. Researchers used a semi-structured interview as a tool for gathering data. Five student mothers from Quirino State University, Diffun Campus were identified as key participants using purposive sampling and snowball technique guided by the following criteria: (a) female; (b) currently enrolled in QSU as a college student; (c) has a child/children (d) she had the custody of the child; and (e) willing to participate in the study. Researchers were guided with phenomenological analysis which includes playing the recorded transcript, encoding, re-reading of the encoded transcript, developing emergent themes, and looking for patterns across cases. After reading and analyzing of data, three major themes emerged from the data; (1) Time Management; (2) Financial Problems; and (3) Support Mechanisms
A MILLENNIUM OF ONE THOUSAND AND ONE NIGHTS
Get PDFNo other work of Oriental literature has had such an influence on Europe as the collection of Arabic tales entitled One Thousand and One Nights. It was first translated from the Syrian original into French (Les Mille et Une Nuits, 1704–17) by the orientalist Antoine Galland and into English by Richard Burton (The Thousand Nights and a Night, 1885–88). The first Slovenian translation is an adaptation: the translator was Filip Lipe Haderlap, and the title was Tisoč in ena noč: pravljice iz jutrovih dežel (One Thousand and One Nights: Fairy Tales from the Lands of the East, 1880–91). It is a Christianized translation from German based on the Viennese edition (Max Habicht, Friedrich Heinrich von der Hagen, Carl Schall: Die Erzählungen der 1001 Nacht aus Tunesien. Arabische Erzahlungen [1825]). In the Slovenian adaptation, Scheherazade is called Lunica, Dinarezada Srebrnica, Sultan Shahryar is Riar, his brother Shahzeman is Senan, and the vizier is a minister. Makalonca (1944) by F. S. Finžgar was also taken from the Arabic collection entitled Zgodba o Kamar-al-Zamanu in kitajski princesi Badur (The Tale of Kamar al-Zaman and the Chinese Princess Badur), in Haderlap’s translation under the title Historija od princa Krasnobora in od Kitajske princezinje Milene (The History of Prince Krasnobor and of the Chinese Princess Milena). Slovenian readers are most familiar with individual fairy tales (Aladdin and the Magic Lamp, Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves, TheThief of Bagdad, The Magic Horse, Harun al-Rashid, The Fisherman and the Genie, Open Sesame, Sinbad the Sailor, TheThree Apples, etc.)
THE TRANSFORMATION OF THE CIA FROM INTELLIGENCE GATHERING AGENCY INTO COVERT ACTIONS, 1947-1953
Get PDFThere are many studies and books on the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) which have been focused mainly on the covert actions of this agency, occurring through the years in many countries, but why this agency was transformed into becoming the institution we know today, has received little, if not at all, attention, from scholars and researchers. A number of major and minor myths have grown up during the last decades, years about the CIA and the craft of intelligence. Sometimes these myths have grown out of news stories or books purposely launched to “flush” out the facts, or from a lack of understanding regarding intelligence. Allen Dulles, the CIA director from 1953-1961, wrote, “It is hardly reasonable to expect proper understanding and support for intelligence work if it is only the insiders, a few people within the executive and legislative branches, who know anything whatever about the CIA. Others continue to draw their knowledge from the so-called ‘inside stories’ by writers who have never been on the inside.” The purpose of this paper is to analyze the establishment and transformation of the CIA from intelligence gathering to covert action during the beginning of the Cold War. Covert action has been a unique aspect of America’s international engagement during the Cold War and a practice that has done more than anything else to define the public image of the CIA. The CIA’s covert actions were numerous, therefore this study will examine in detail only certain operations and events which led to a slow and gradual transformation of the Agency from its initial purpose and some which were in violation of the CIA charter. This paper will present analysis on the impact which the US Presidents had in the Agency’s framework; their support for the Intelligence technological improvement; their decision-making in the CIA’s covert actions and the legality of such activities. The main primary sources are taken from the hearings before congressional committees, memoirs of former CIA directors and operators, presidents, analytical books from people on the inside and outside, defenders and critics of the Agency, so that we could present a fair analysis on the subject