Czsaopisma Uniwersytetu w Siedlcach
Not a member yet
3100 research outputs found
Sort by
Consequences of the Battle of Satala (298)
No full textThe priority for the Sasanid rulers was to eliminate from the throne of Armenia, the Parthian Arsacid dynasty, linked by blood ties to the formerly abolished Iranian ruling dynasty. In 298, the Battle of Satala took place in Armenia, in which the Roman army commanded by Caesar Galerius won a crushing victory over the Sassanian troops headed by King Narseh. The Romans captured huge amounts of booty and captured the Persian royal family. The campaign ended with a peace treaty very favourable to Rome, in which Narseh renounced Trans-Tigritania, pledged non-intervention in Armenia, and recognised the Roman protectorate in Iberia. The revision of the so-called Treaty of Nisibis was the foundation of the Persian-Roman wars in the 4th century carried out by Shapur II. In this study, it is aimed to give information about the effect of the Battle of Satala on the beginning of the Persian-Roman wars in the 4th century and its results.The priority for the Sasanid rulers was to eliminate from the throne of Armenia, the Parthian Arsacid dynasty, linked by blood ties to the formerly abolished Iranian ruling dynasty. In 298, the Battle of Satala took place in Armenia, in which the Roman army commanded by Caesar Galerius won a crushing victory over the Sassanian troops headed by King Narseh. The Romans captured huge amounts of booty and captured the Persian royal family. The campaign ended with a peace treaty very favourable to Rome, in which Narseh renounced Trans-Tigritania, pledged non-intervention in Armenia, and recognised the Roman protectorate in Iberia. The revision of the so-called Treaty of Nisibis was the foundation of the Persian-Roman wars in the 4th century carried out by Shapur II. In this study, it is aimed to give information about the effect of the Battle of Satala on the beginning of the Persian-Roman wars in the 4th century and its results
Heinz Fähnrich, Gestalten der Geschichte Georgiens vom 2. Jahrtausend v. Chr. bis zu den Mongolen, Wiesbaden: Reichert-Verlag, 2021, ISBN: 978-3-7520-0591-2
No full textBook ReviewBook Revie
Archers from Rag-i Bibi. Notes on the equipment depicted on Rag-i Bibi relief (Northern Afghanistan)
No full textThe rock relief discovered in Rag-e Bibi in Northern Afghanistan in 2002 remains an archaeological sensation. The archery equipment depicted there has not yet been studied. The article describes the bow cases combined with quivers and associates them with the same type of kit popular in Eurasia related with spread of the recurved bows with stiff bone or horn extensions of Xiong Nu/Hunnictype. This type of bows replaced shorter \u27Scythian\u27 type of bows in 1st-2nd century CE. The integrated bow case and quiver went out of use soon before the rise of the Sasanians therefore Rag-e Bibi cannot be linked with this dynastic art, based also on the depicted elements of material culture, as well as on stylistic grounds.The rock relief discovered in Rag-e Bibi in Northern Afghanistan in 2002 remains an archaeological sensation. The archery equipment depicted there has not yet been studied. The article describes the bow cases combined with quivers and associates them with the same type of kit popular in Eurasia related with spread of the recurved bows with stiff bone or horn extensions of Xiong Nu/Hunnictype. This type of bows replaced shorter \u27Scythian\u27 type of bows in 1st-2nd century CE. The integrated bow case and quiver went out of use soon before the rise of the Sasanians therefore Rag-e Bibi cannot be linked with this dynastic art, based also on the depicted elements of material culture, as well as on stylistic grounds
The Library of Varlaam Shyshatsky in the Context of a ‘Reading Revolution’ in the Ukrainian Lands (Second Half of the 18th – Early 19th Centuries)
No full textVarlaam Shyshatsky (1750-1821) was a prominent figure in the Russian Orthodox Church. In this article, the author’s focus is on his personal library – one of the most substantial book collections in Eastern Europe in the second half of the 18th and early 19th centuries, which has never been analyzed before. The article not only analyzes the composition of Varlaam Shyshatsky’s library, but also compares this collection with the personal libraries of other figures belonging to the same social group. The analysis is grounded in the broad context of the history of reading and book culture in Europe. Based on a number of criteria, it is concluded that significant changes in the culture of reading took place in the Ukrainian lands of the Russian Empire in the second half of the 18th century – first and foremost the emergence of ‘extensive’ reading and development of a number of new cultural practices among the ‘enlightened elite’. The composition of the library of Varlaam Shyshatsky also attests to the cultural uniqueness of the region and argues in favor of the thesis about the existence of a ‘Ukrainian Enlightenment’ as a phenomenon with national and regional specifics of its own.Varlaam Shyshatsky (1750-1821) was a prominent figure in the Russian Orthodox Church. In this article, the author’s focus is on his personal library – one of the most substantial book collections in Eastern Europe in the second half of the 18th and early 19th centuries, which has never been analyzed before. The article not only analyzes the composition of Varlaam Shyshatsky’s library, but also compares this collection with the personal libraries of other figures belonging to the same social group. The analysis is grounded in the broad context of the history of reading and book culture in Europe. Based on a number of criteria, it is concluded that significant changes in the culture of reading took place in the Ukrainian lands of the Russian Empire in the second half of the 18th century – first and foremost the emergence of ‘extensive’ reading and development of a number of new cultural practices among the ‘enlightened elite’. The composition of the library of Varlaam Shyshatsky also attests to the cultural uniqueness of the region and argues in favor of the thesis about the existence of a ‘Ukrainian Enlightenment’ as a phenomenon with national and regional specifics of its own
Vittoria agli Assasini! Jak brzmi sukces w grze komputerowej?
No full textThe paper addresses the issue of the success of the sound of computer game success. To realise this, the author undertook a study of sound samples selected by him, which he considered to be the auditory representation of success in a computer game. The study was carried out with the help of the Reaper computer program and included 9 different sound characters. In the article, the author also reflects on the source and essence of success in a computer game and the game-player-success relationship
Demaskuok – litewski system przeciwdziałania dezinformacji
No full textThis article presents Demaskuok as a practical tool to combat the so-called “fake news”, that is, preventing the circulation of false news that misleads recipients. Fake news, also referred to as disinformation, is aimed at evoking an emotional reaction, thus creating or strengthening the existing prejudices against a person, group, in order to obtain specific and intended benefits. As history shows, many fake news were created that had an impact on their audience. The greatest field for the creators of disinformation is the Internet. Despite the fact that disinformation is ubiquitous today, this article presents a reliable ‘weapon’ to fight fake news. The leader in this field is Lithuania, which has discovered effective tools in the fight against propaganda and disinformation, the creator of which is Russia. The article analyzes the activities of Russian trolls spamming social networks, and at the same time highlights the roleof the so-called elves, whose task is to fight Kremlin disinformation and propaganda. It was also emphasized that the basic method of combating Russian disinformation is active and responsible social action by citizens. Lithuanian elves fighting the activities of Russian trolls become, in a way, guardians of citizenship, culture, history and those values that strengthen Lithuanian citizens\u27 resistance to information threats.W niniejszym artykule przedstawiono Demaskuok jako praktyczne narzędzie do walki z tzw. fake newsami, czyli do zapobiegania rozpowszechnianiu fałszywych wiadomości,które wprowadzają odbiorców w błąd. Fake newsy, zwane też dezinformacją, mają na celu wywołanie reakcji emocjonalnej, a tym samym wytworzenie lub utrwalenie istniejących uprzedzeń wobec osoby lub grupy, w celu uzyskania określonych i zamierzonych korzyści. Jak pokazuje historia, powstało wiele fake newsów, które miały wpływ na odbiorców. Największym polem dlatwórców dezinformacji jest Internet. Pomimo faktu, że dezinformacja jest dziś wszechobecna, ten artykuł przedstawia niezawodną „broń” do walki z fałszywymi wiadomościami. Liderem w tej dziedzinie jest Litwa, która odkryła skuteczne narzędzia do walki z propagandą i dezinformacją, której twórcą jest Rosja. Artykuł analizuje działania rosyjskich trolli spamujących portale społecznościowe, podkreślając jednocześnie rolę tzw. elfów, których zadaniem jest walka z dezinformacją i propagandą Kremla. Podkreślono również, że podstawową metodą walki z rosyjską dezinformacją jest aktywne i odpowiedzialne działanie społeczne obywateli. Litewskie elfy walczące z działalnością rosyjskich trolli stają się niejako strażnikami obywatelskości, kultury, historii i tych wartości, które wzmacniają odporność obywateli Litwy na zagrożenia informacyjne
Przyszłość struktur bezpieczeństwa Polski w ramach intensyfikacji zagrożeń związanych z klęskami żywiołowymi
No full textThe occurrence of threats in the field of classification of natural disasters is becoming a more and more common phenomenon. Public administration in the form of security structures is a key element in shaping common defense against a possible escalation of dangers. In order toproperly implement the above assumptions, it is necessary to demonstrate increased activities in the area of planning, building strategic documents and shaping the proper characteristics of potential threats. Moreover, proper connection of security systems requires the formulation of a solid and efficient political decision-making process in the moment of emergence of crisis situations. The presented publication is an attempt to outline the above-mentioned criteria within the framework of the security structures of the Polish state.Występowanie zagrożeń w zakresie klasyfikacji klęsk żywiołowych staje się zjawiskiem coraz bardziej powszechnym. Administracja publiczna w formie struktur bezpieczeństwa stanowi kluczowy element w kształtowaniu powszechnej obrony przed ewentualną eskalacją niebezpieczeństw. Aby w odpowiedni sposób realizować powyższe założenia należy wykazywać wzmożone działania w obszarze planowania, budowania dokumentów strategicznych oraz kształtowania właściwej charakterystyki potencjalnych zagrożeń. Co więcej, należyte łączenie systemów bezpieczeństwa wymaga formułowania solidnego, a także sprawnego procesu decydowania politycznego w momencie pojawienia się sytuacji kryzysowych. Przedstawiona publikacja stanowi próbę zarysowania wymienionych kryteriów w ramachstruktur bezpieczeństwa państwa polskiego
Neural model of the vehicle control system in a racing game. Part 2. Research experiments
No full textThis article, which is a continuation of the article under the same main title and subtitle: part 1 Design and its implementation, includes the obtained results of research experiments with the use of a designed and implemented racing game. It uses a neural model of the vehicle motion control system on the racetrack in the form of a Perceptron Artificial Neural Network (ANN). In designing the movement of vehicles on the racetrack, the following were used, inter alia, Godot Engine and MATLAB and Simulink programming environment. The numerical data (14 input quantities and two output quantities) for ANN training were prepared with the use of semi-automatic measurement of the race track control points. This article shows, among others, the results of 10 selected research experiments, testing and simulation, confirming the correct functioning of both the computer game and the model of the neural control system. As a result of simulation tests, it turned out that the longest lap of the track in the conducted experiments lasted 4 minutes and 55 seconds, and the shortest - 10.47 seconds. In five minutes, the highest number of laps was 34, while the lowest numbers of laps were 1 and 5. In the course of the experiments it was noticed that under the same conditions the ANN learning outcomes are sometimes different
The circular pond of Dehbarm in the Firuzabad Plain (Fars, Iran)
No full textWe present the preliminary results of our recent find, a circular pond, and its surrounding structures, built in stone masonry of Sasanian tradition in the Dehbarm village, west Firuzabad Plain (Fars, Iran). We elaborate on this site and suggest it belongs to the Early Sasanian Ardashir-Xurra (Ardašīr-Xwarrah), the first Sasanian capital and complex urban plan of the Firuzabad plain. Based on comparable finds, we interpret Dehbarm as a garden settlement, a so-called paradise, and consider it a case study for water management and landscape manipulation of the Late Antiquity in the Greater Fars. Additionally, we ponder on the broader aspect of spring-fed ponds in the Sasanian architectural tradition. Further investigation, as well as extensive fieldwork, is planned to address this aspect