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ORGANIZACIJOS KULTŪROS VYSTYMAS VYKSTANT REORGANIZACIJAI (AUKŠTŲJŲ MOKYKLŲ JUNGIMO ATVEJIS)
No full textThe optimization of the network of higher education institutions by merging several institutions is an integral part of the reform of Lithuanian higher education. In response to increasing national and international competition, higher education institutions create strategic partnerships, alliances, and sometimes participate in large-scale mergers.
The organizational culture of the merged higher educational institutions inevitably undergoes certain transformations. The effectiveness of the activities of reorganized institutions often falls, tensions arise between the attitudes and traditions established in those institutions, different systems of values and beliefs, i.e. between different organizational cultures. The reorganization process often becomes protracted: it is not enough to reorganize the organizational structure, develop a new strategy for the organization and set long-term goals and objectives. Previous studies have shown that even long after the merger has taken place, the integration of employees remains a difficult task.
Organizational cultures prevailing in merging organizations can due to the similarity or difference of values, beliefs and principles that prevailed in these organizations, harmoniously merge or experience a clash that may affect the effectiveness of the activities of organizations, which depends on the successful integration of people. The question, which is relevant to the reality of Lithuanian higher education, is how to purposefully influence the organizational culture of a higher education institution during the reorganization?
The research aims to assess the changes in the culture of a higher educational institution that occurred in the 10 years after the merger of two institutions. The research is carried out by treating the subcultures of the faculties as separate cultures in order to find out the values prevailing in the faculties and recognized by the academic community, which would allow to compare the values that unite and divide the faculties and prepare actions for the improvement of the culture of the higher education institution.
An analysis of theoretical literature was carried out, a quantitative research method – a written survey. When creating a research instrument, the methodology of the instrument of university cultural research by Jucevičienė, et al (2002) is followed, adapting it to the study of the culture of a particular higher education institution.
Taking into account the research results, it is recommended to: continue the actions of symbolic management, forming the external elements of organizational culture: ceremonies, rituals, symbols, stories, and etc.; continue the history of higher education, emphasizing the factors inherent in higher education; to promote a sense of employee membership through the transfer of norms and values and adherence to them; in order to cultivate a sense of pride in one\u27s institution, to increase its notoriety externally; strengthen the participation of employees in integration processes. At the faculties, the organizational culture is seen as a moderately strong subculture of the main organizational culture. The general philosophy of the organization, the norms of its activities are recognized, although the value base of the faculties is not identical to the values of the culture of the main organization.
As a result of the organizational culture research of a higher educational institution, improvement actions were identified. It is proposed: to formulate a general concept of the culture of the organization; review the existing values of the organization and carry out their correction; to develop measures for the organizational culture improvement and to implement them.Aukštųjų mokyklų tinklo optimizavimas, apjungiant keletą aukštųjų mokyklų yra Lietuvos aukštojo mokslo reformos sudėtinė dalis. Susijungusių aukštųjų mokyklų organizacijos kultūra neišvengiamai patiria tam tikras transformacijas: organizacijų kultūros, vyravusios dviejose atskirai paimtose aukštosiose mokyklose turi bendrų bruožų, pripažįsta tas pačias vertybes, tačiau skiriasi valdymo stiliais, kasdienės veiklos praktika, požiūriais į taisyklių ir normų laikymąsi. Susijungimai pareikalauja iš su jais susijusių darbuotojų gana daug ir intensyvaus darbo, didelių pastangų bei sukelia stresą ir, net ir praėjus daug laiko po įvykusio susijungimo, darbuotojų integracija išlieka sudėtinga užduotis, todėl susijungusioms organizacijoms yra svarbi diskusija apie susijungusių organizacijų kultūrų integraciją laikotarpiu po susijungimo.
Tyrimo tikslas – įvertinti aukštosios mokyklos kultūros pokyčius, įvykusius per 10 metų po dviejų institucijų sujungimo. Tyrimo metodai: teorinės literatūros analizė, kiekybinis tyrimo metodas – apklausa raštu.
Atlikus organizacijos kultūros tyrimo duomenų analizę, nustatyta, kad yra būtini organizacijos kultūros tobulinimo veiksmai. Siekiant sukurti darnią organizaciją, būtina atsižvelgti į keturias būtinas sąlygas: užtikrinti organizacijos istorijos tęstinumą, sukurti organizacijos narių identiškumo jausmą, skatinti narystę, įtraukiant į organizacijos veiklas, didinti organizacijos narių sąveikavimą, užtikrinant efektyvų organizacijos narių bendravimą bei įtraukiant į sprendimų priėmimo procesus. Kultūra yra stiprinama per ceremonijas ir ritualus, bendravimo būdus, neformalias grupes
Анатомические особенности асиммиляционного апарата и гаусторий омелы белой Viscum album L. на растении-хозяине в контексте ее полупаразитического способа жизни
No full textІn the article рrovided the anatomical structure of mistletoe stems, ways of its penetration into the host plant. The anatomical features of the structure of mistletoe leaves are shown, the presence of drusen crystals in it, the number of conducting bundles is established. The absence of differentiation of the parenchyma into columnar and spongy is shown. The haustoria mistletoe contains chlorophyll. The differentiation of haustoria, their branching and the way of penetration into wood are shown. The formation of folds on the bark of the host plant has been shown when seeds or haustoria of mistletoe germinate. The mistletoe stem was also studied, the location of the conductive bundles was shown, as well as the formation of protective modifications of the host plant when damaged by a semi-parasite.
The analysis of chlorophyll content in Viscum album on different host plants was performed, and a quantitative comparison of Viscum album leaf parameters on different host plants was performed.В статье освещено анатомическое строение стеблей омелы, пути ее проникновения в растение-хозяина. Показано анатомические особенности строения листьев омелы, установлено наличие в них кристаллов друзов, установлено количество проводящих пучков. Показано отсутствие дифференциации паренхимы на столбчатую и губчатую. Отмечено что густории омелы также содержат хлорофилл. Показано дифференциацию гаусторий, их разветвления и способ проникновения в древесину. Показано образования складок на коре растения-хозяина, когда прорастают семена или гаустории омелы. Также исследовано стебель омелы, показано расположение проводящих пучков, а также образование защитных модификаций растения-хозяина при повреждении полупаразитом. Был осуществлен анализ на содержание хлорофиллов в Viscum album на разных растениях-хозяевах, и проведено количественное сравнение параметров листьев Viscum album на разных растениях-хозяевах
TURISTŲ ELGSENOS RAIŠKA RENKANTIS PASLAUGAS DARNAUS VYSTYMOSI KONTEKSTE
No full textIrresponsible attitude towards the planet and activities on it led society to global problems: water, air, soil pollution; greenhouse effect; loss of biological diversity; depletion of (non-renewable) natural resources. The most obvious negative impact of tourism was and is on the natural and cultural environment, and on the objects and individuals in it (Lancaster, 2021). The negative impact on the environment occurs due to the insufficiently responsible attitude of the tourism service provider and the consumer (including the tourist) towards consumption habits. Considering the above-mentioned current issues, the authors of this research aimed to determine the attitude of Lithuanian residents who choose trips abroad and the representatives of tourism companies offering those trips to the sustainable development of tourism, sustainable consumption behaviour and habits.
The problem of the research. The research tried to find answers to the following problematic questions: what is the approach of tourism companies to the creation of sustainable tourism products and their offer to consumers?; what is the behaviour and habits of Lithuanian tourists when choosing trips abroad in the context of sustainable development?; what factors influence tourists to choose sustainable tourism services, including trips abroad?
The object of the research is the interpretation of tourists\u27 behaviour when choosing services in the context of sustainable development.
The aim of the research is to analyse the behaviour of tourists when choosing services in the context of sustainable development.
The objectives of the research:
To analyse the concept of sustainable development in the tourism business.
To theoretically examine the factors determining sustainable consumption behaviour.
Determine the attitude of tourism service providers towards sustainable development and sustainable consumption behaviour.
To study the behaviour and habits of Lithuanian tourists when choosing trips abroad in the context of sustainable development.
Research collection and data analysis methods. Analysis of scientific literature, qualitative and quantitative research. Research data were processed and displayed using SPSS and Microsoft Excel programs.
The results of the research. The authors present the following research conclusions:
Sustainable development is defined as meeting the needs of the present society without posing a threat to meeting the same needs of future generations. Sustainable development is characterized by specific principles: environmental protection, balanced economic growth, social welfare. The goal of sustainable tourism is to maintain a balance between the tourist and the surrounding environment, rationally using environmental resources, maintaining the social and cultural authenticity of the area and the well-being of the local community.
Sustainable consumption behaviour in tourism is related to a certain behaviour of a person/tourist, which is characterized by altruism, justice, frugality, and pro-ecology. In tourism, the essence of sustainable consumption behaviour is defined by such aspirations as: reducing the use of resources, reducing environmental pollution, promoting the use of renewable resources, supporting the local community, etc. Sustainable consumption behaviour is influenced by two groups of factors: external and internal. The group of extrinsic factors includes contextual, structural, and social factors, while intrinsic factors are related to the user\u27s personality. Certain researchers in tourism refer to the above-mentioned factors as push and pull factors. Both pull and push factors also influence the decision to consume or not consume a sustainable tourism product.
The attitude of travel agencies towards sustainable tourism and services is positive, but, to date, there is no greater supply of sustainable tourism services to customers on the market, and the demand itself is also passive. Travel agencies contribute weakly to the sustainable development of tourism, they only encourage tourists to be interested in and look for environmentally friendly tourism products: to visit historical objects, observe nature or something else. According to the representatives of travel agencies, sustainable tourism is still a new concept in the tourism business, and it is difficult to follow the principles of sustainable tourism, because customers are looking for a price-quality ratio, comfort, etc. It also became clear that the implementation of the concept of sustainable development in the travel business depends to a large extent on advertising, pricing, education (external factors), which influence or could in the future influence consumer decision-making more.
After surveying tourists, it was found that women react more sensitively to environmental problems and support sustainable development in tourism more than men. Aspects of sustainable development are important for all age groups, not only in tourism, but also in social life. Persons with higher education show a greater desire to preserve the natural, cultural, and social environment. The size of the price of sustainable tourism services, regardless of the received monthly income, affects all respondents when choosing tourism services. The research revealed the most important aspects of sustainable consumption behaviour, it is important for the respondents to reduce the amount of industrial emissions to stop global climate change, and not to damage or destroy cultural/cultural heritage objects during the provision and consumption of tourism services. Choosing sustainable tourism services is influenced by external factors: "Abundance and variety of sustainable tourism services", while the internal influence is stimulated by: "Curiosity to try and learn about sustainable tourism services". According to the opinion expressed by most respondents, choosing a sustainable tourism product helps/would help to protect the environment and people around us.Straipsnyje analizuojama darnaus turizmo ir darnaus vartojimo sąvokos, jų sąsajos su vartotojų (turistų) elgsenos elementais bei veiksniais, lemiančiais turistų elgseną. Tyrimo tikslas - išanalizuoti turistų elgseną renkantis paslaugas darnaus vystymosi kontekste, kuriam pasiekti išsikelti keturi teorinio ir praktinio pobūdžio uždaviniai. Tyrimas atliktas pasitelkus kokybinio ir kiekybinio tyrimo metodologinę prieigą. Empirinėje straipsnio dalyje pateikiama turizmo agentūrų atstovų nuomonės apie darnų vystymąsi ir darnaus vartojimo elgseną apžvalga bei turistų darnaus vartojimo elgsenos aspektai. Straipsnio pabaigoje pateikiamos išvados ir rekomendacijos turizmo paslaugų vartotojams ir teikėjams dėl darnaus vartojimo elgsenos propagavimo. Teorinės medžiagos analizė parodė, jog darnaus turizmo tikslas yra išlaikyti pusiausvyrą tarp turisto ir jį supančios aplinkos, racionaliai naudojant aplinkos išteklius, išlaikant socialinį ir kultūrinį vietovės autentiškumą bei vietos bendruomenės gerovę. Turizme, darnaus vartojimo elgsenos esmę nusako tokie siekiai kaip: išteklių naudojimo mažinimas, aplinkos taršos mažinimas, atsinaujinančių išteklių naudojimo skatinimas, vietinės bendruomenės palaikymas ir kt. Atlikus empirinį tyrimą išryškėjo svarbiausi darnaus vartojimo elgsenos aspektai, respondentams svarbu, jog būtų mažinamas pramonės išmetamų teršalų kiekis, norint stabdyti pasaulio klimato kaitą, bei nepažeisti ir neniokoti kultūrinių / kultūros paveldo objektų turizmo paslaugų teikimo ir vartojimo metu. Daugumos respondentų išreikšta nuomone, darnaus turizmo produkto pasirinkimas, padeda / padėtų tausoti mus supančią aplinką ir žmogų
PERDEGIMO SINDROMAS: SOCIALINIŲ DARBUOTOJŲ POŽIŪRIS Į KVALIFIKACIJOS TOBULINIMO IR PROFESINIO PERDEGIMO SĄSAJAS BEI JO ĮVEIKOS BŪDUS
No full textThere is a lack of research that focuses on the burnout syndrome experienced by social workers, the contexts in which this burnout syndrome occurs as well as the coping mechanisms to overcome it. Also, there is a lack of research that deals with the correlation between the professional development of social workers and the burnout syndrome that they experience. One of the ways to overcome the burnout could be timely and targeted professional development for social workers to facilitate the progress of their professional, social, and personal competences. This raises a research question: what is the correlation between professional burnout in social workers and their professional development, and what are the ways of overcoming the professional burnout?
The aim of the study is to theoretically analyse and empirically uncover the correlation between social worker qualification development and professional burnout, also identify the ways of coping with professional burnout.
Research objectives: 1) to analyse the factors that foster the professional burnout in social workers and the ways of coping with it, with reference on the professional development and the possibilities of overcoming professional burnout; 2) to study the attitudes of social workers towards the correlation between professional development and professional burnout and the ways and the means of coping with it.
Research methods: analysis of scientific literature, semi-structured interviews.
Research methodology. The interview questions have been grouped into 6 meaningful blocks related professional burnout: causes, manifestations and characteristics, development context, coping methods and tools, links to qualification development, outcomes of the applied coping methods. For the analysis and presentation of the study outcomes, a descriptive type of research has been chosen. It is based on grounded theory and provides a more detailed picture of the issue under study. The study was conducted in June and July 2022. A targeted, criterion-based sampling of respondents was used, with focus on social workers who have experienced the burnout. The respondents included 7 social workers and 3 assistant social workers, with an average age of 51 years and an average professional experience of 26 years. Interview duration was up to 50 minutes.
Key results and conclusions. The study has revealed that the burnout in social workers is caused by organisational (work pressure, conflicts with colleagues, work organisation, workload, remuneration, etc.) and individual (personal qualities, overcommitment, incompatibility between a person and his/her work environment, etc.) reasons. The manifestations and symptoms of the burnout describe social workers\u27 state of mind (feelings of hopelessness, mental and physical health problems, insomnia, etc.), emotions (anger, frustration with clients, lack of control over personal emotions, etc.), and problems (lack of empathy, lack of energy, frustration with work, etc.). The developmental context of the burnout highlights the social work environment and the underlying problems with the target client group (elderly, disabled, addicted, aggressive, etc.). The social work contexts are identified in which the causes of the burnout syndrome develop. They show the dependence on the age of a client and his/her behaviour, the expression of a disability or illness, the empowerment of a client, etc. The study has highlighted the various ways used to cope with professional burnout: realistic assessment of one\u27s own abilities and performance, talking about one\u27s own problems, peer-to-peer interactions and feedback among colleagues, communication with other professionals, improvement of one\u27s professional and personal competences, the importance of having a rest periods, etc. Participation in professional development events has been found to be an effective way of coping with the burnout. This suggests that there is a correlation between professional burnout and professional development for these professionals. The study has confirmed that a well-tailored approach to coping with the burnout helps to gain experience, develop psychological resilience, and not only overcome but also prevent burnout.Kadangi užsienio šalyse plačiai tirtas, o Lietuvoje tik pradedamas išsamiau nagrinėti perdegimo sindromas, ypač socialinių paslaugų srityje, todėl straipsnyje apžvelgiami įvairių mokslininkų atlikti tyrimai analizuojama problematika. Naujumą atskleidžia tai, jog teorinės analizės ir empirinio tyrimo pagrindu analizuojama socialinių darbuotojų profesinį perdegimą sąlygojantys veiksniai ir įveikos būdai, priemonės, profesinio ir asmeninio tobulėjimo svarba ir galimybės, siekiant atskleisti jo sąsają su profesiniu perdegimu bei efektyvius įveikos būdus. Gauti tyrimo rezultatai išryškina socialinių darbuotojų patiriamą perdegimo sindromą, jo priežastis, apraiškas ir požymius, raidos kontekstą, įveikos būdus ir priemones, jų taikymo rezultatus, sąsajas su kvalifikacijos tobulinimu. Tyrimas patvirtina, jog kvalifikacijos tobulinimas – svarbus ir efektyvus socialinių darbuotojų profesinio perdegimo įveikos būdas
Vienos neapgintos disertacijos pėdsakais – sumedėjusių augalų asortimento Lietuvos želdynams ir architektūrinės dendrologijos pradmenų aspektai.: Dendrologo Leono Čibiro mokslinių įžvalgų analizė
No full textThe article presents and examines the work and scientific insights of dendrologist Leonas Čibiras (1921–1992). The development of his ideas and architectural arboriculture tradition perfectly illustrates the development of landscape architecture and green areas formation in Lithuania. The article emphasizes the aspects of landscape architecture and urban planning, and the dendrological extensive scientific and methodological activities, which were and remain as significant and innovative for the further development of Lithuanian landscape architecture.Straipsnyje pristatomos ir nagrinėjamos dendrologo Leono Čibiro (1921–1992) mokslinės įžvalgos, teiktos jo publikacijose ir moksliniame pranešime biologijos moksliniam laipsniui gauti. Jo idėjos ir architektūrinės dendrologijos tradicijos plėtotė puikiai iliustruoja kraštovaizdžio architektūros ir želdynų formavimo raidą Lietuvoje. Straipsnyje akcentuojami kraštovaizdžio architektūros, kraštovaizdžio formavimo ir urbanistinio planavimo aspektai, plati dendrologo mokslinė ir metodinė veikla, kuri buvo ir išlieka reikšminga ir novatoriška tolesnei Lietuvos kraštovaizdžio architektūros raidai
NORMINIŲ IR NENORMINIŲ NEOLOGIZMŲ PAPLITIMAS STUDENTŲ KALBOJE
No full textThe article aims at discussing neologisms or new words – the newest lexical layer in Lithuanian language – their types and prevalence in students‘ language. Speaking about neologisms, it is important to define what period words are considered new words. When selecting data, the criteria applied in the theory and practice of new words was used-fixing of words and their meanings in dictionaries. If the words and their meanings are not fixed in basic dictionaries, they are considered to be new words.
The research of students‘ language showed the abundance of different words from other foreign languages in use. However, for some foreign words Lithuanian equivalents and substitutes are found. In order to make language expressive, students often use for that purpose new words. The use of normative and abnormal neologisms in students‘ language are analysed in the article. The aim of the article is to analyse the prevalence of normal and abnormal neologisms in students language. Research objectives: a) describe types of neologisms from the point of view of origin and form; b) survey the neologisms used by students in terms of norm. Research object–students‘ language.
Language is changing due to the change of communicative meanings of language users. The most significantly political, economical, social, cultural changes of society life are reflected in lexics: every day new words come in use naming new realia, meaning new concepts. During recent decades big changes are characteristic to Lithuanian lexics as well as to many other language lexics- plenty of new words appear. There are several types of new words: 1) borrowed from other languages, having inorganic root and adapted to Lithuanian phonetic, stress, inflexion and spelling system; 2) newly designed words from Lithuanian roots, based on individual models or translating from other languages; 3) new words which are already existing words but with a new meaning. According to the usage, new words are divided into terms and stylistic types. Terminologists not always manage to create new concepts alongside with rapid development of science and technologies. It is difficult to create so many new terms, so he process of terminisation becomes the main source of terms, when general language words are transferred to the particular science area and become terms or a term from one science area is transferred to another. Such words result from morphemic word building. According to their usage, there are two types of new words: terms also called indispensable, and stylistic also called expressive or optional/facultative. The latter are used in the text for stylistic purposes- not due to the need to name a new realia, but just to make the sentence more interesting and expressive. So new words-terms have the main function of conveying information, while for stylistic new words the main function is emotional expression. Some new borrowed words, most often terms of different science areas are included into dictionary of general Lithuanian language. Borrowed words with usage equivalents are considered to be abnormal from the point of view of language culture.
Empirical research results demonstrated that in students language borrowed words recommended in the list of equivalents by the State Commission of Lithuanian Language dominate over Lithuanian new words. The choice of a new word or not recommended foreign word shows that new words in the questionnaire are often outrivalled by not recommended foreign words. Comparing the results of the first and the second written surveys it can be stated that half of the given neologisms are much more popular than unusable foreign words. However, only 50 percent of abnormal neologisms are used more often than recommended borrowed words.Straipsnyje aptariamos naujausios lietuvių kalbos leksikos sluoksnio – neologizmų – rūšys ir jų paplitimas studentų kalboje. Tyrimo tikslas – atskleisti norminių ir nenorminių neologizmų paplitimą studentų kalboje. Tyrimo uždaviniai: 1) aprašyti neologizmų rūšis kilmės ir normos požiūriu; 2) apžvelgti studentų vartojamus neologizmus normos požiūriu. Tyrimo objektas – studentų kalba. Tyrimui pasirinkta kiekybinė tyrimo strategija. Tyrimo metodai –mokslinės literatūros analizė ir sintezė, studentų apklausa raštu, tyrimo duomenų statistinė analizė. Studentų kalbos tyrimas rodo, kad jie gausiai vartoja įvairių svetimų kalbų žodžių, tačiau kartais suranda šiems svetimžodžiams lietuviškų atitikmenų ir pakaitų. Norėdami suteikti kalbai ekspresyvumo, studentai dažnai vartoja tam tikslui sukurtus naujadarus. Remiantis tyrimo duomenimis galima teigti, kad studentų kalboje lietuviški naujažodžiai visiškai nukonkuruojami skolinių, įteisintų rekomendaciniame Valstybinės lietuvių kalbos komisijos svetimžodžių atitikmenų sąraše. Naujažodžio ar neteiktinos svetimybės pasirinkimas rodo, kad beveik pusę klausimyne pateiktų naujažodžių nukonkuruoja neteiktinos svetimybės. Lyginant pirmosios ir antrosios apklausų raštu duomenis galima teigti, kad pusė tyrime pateiktų naujažodžių gerokai populiaresni už nevartotinas svetimybes, tačiau visi tyrime pateikti lietuviški naujažodžiai vartojami dažniau negu teiktini skoliniai
IKIMOKYKLINIO AMŽIAUS VAIKŲ UGDYMO ORGANIZAVIMO NETRADICINĖSE GAMTINĖSE APLINKOSE YPATUMAI
No full textRelevance of the topic. The richness of children’s experience depends on their learning environment. The environment for learning and education must be dynamic, open and functional. Open learning and education environments leave traditional classrooms behind, settling in ‘classrooms without walls’ for a learning experience that takes place not only at the facilities of the educational institution, but also untraditional locations (forest, park, near a pond, on a beach, etc.). This means applying the theory learned in practice in the nature. Pre-school teachers use this environment to create situations for experiential learning and coordinate the educational process.
Research problem: the difference between education in untraditional natural environment and in traditional kindergarten groups, characteristics of pre-school education in untraditional natural environment and challenges of organising outdoor activities.
Research object. Features of organising pre-school education in untraditional natural environment.
Research purpose: To define the features of organising pre-school education in untraditional natural environment.
Research methods: Scientific literature analysis, focus group study, qualitative (content) data analysis.
Course of the study. The empirical study took place in June 2022. The focus group included 43 informants – pre-school teachers from four pre-school educational institutions, based in Klaipėda. Each focus group study included 9-12 informants from each of the institutions. Participants were selected for the study using the convenience sample of non-probability sampling method. The average work experience of the participants of the study is 19.6 years. The study included 23.8 per cent teachers, 26.2 senior teachers and half (50 per cent) of the participants were teachers-methodologists. Each of the informants were assigned a random code. The informants were encoded in the text based on their institution (first capital letters A-D) and their number (1-12). In parallel to the interpretation of the thoughts, shared by the informants, the study provides empirical material, its descriptions and explanations are supported by theoretical statements.
Research ethics. The study complies with the principles of research ethics: protection, secrecy (confidentiality), benevolence, universality, significance, respect to personal dignity, fairness and right to receive accurate information.
Conclusions
Being active creators and moderators of children’s learning experience, pre-school teachers organise activities in untraditional natural environment cooperating with other institutions, colleagues, parents and other experts. Untraditional natural environment involves activities for children from several pre-school educational institutions, several groups from the same kindergarten or a single kindergarten group, accompanied by teachers. Untraditional natural environment is most beneficial for developing skills like getting to know the environment, counting and measuring, interaction with peers and adults.
Being in untraditional natural environment, children are more relaxed, curious, inquisitive and motivated to take action. They are also more expressive in terms of their emotions. Methodological measures or things are given another purpose in the natural environment as opposed to working indoors. Untraditional natural environment enables children to get to know all sides of nature and human impact with hands-on activities. This environment develops their imaginations, creativity, long-term memory, attention and sensations. All that improves their understanding of information and cognition.
3. Challenges of organising children’s education in untraditional natural environment include additional intellectual and time costs, detailed planning of the activities, ensuring safety during the trip, financial solutions, weather changes, dangers encountered in nature, and children’s development features, such as low resistance to physical exertion, mood swings, and involuntary attention. There is also a notable lack of parent trust in the teachersAplinka, kurioje vyksta ugdymas daro didžiulę įtaką vaiko norui dalyvauti ugdymo procese. Ugdymas netradicinėje gamtinėje aplinkoje (miške, parke, prie tvenkinio, paplūdimyje ir pan. ) reiškia teorinių žinių integraciją praktinėje veikloje gamtoje. Tokioje aplinkoje, kad pasiektų numatytų ugdymosi rezultatų, ikimokyklinio ugdymo pedagogai kuria situacijas patirtiniam vaikų ugdymui(si), koordinuoja jų ugdymosi procesą. Straipsnyje siekiama atsakyti į numatytus probleminius klausimus: kuo ugdymo netradicinėje gamtinėje aplinkoje organizavimas skiriasi nuo ugdymo darželio grupės aplinkoje, kas būdinga ikimokyklinio amžiaus vaikų ugdymui netradicinėse gamtinėse aplinkose bei su kokiais iššūkiais susiduria išvykas organizuojantys pedagogai? Tyrimo tikslas – nustatyti ikimokyklinio amžiaus vaikų ugdymo netradicinėse gamtinėse aplinkose organizavimo ypatumus. Tyrimo metodai: mokslinės literatūros analizė, focus grupės tyrimas, kokybinė (content) duomenų analizė. Focus grupės tyrime dalyvavo 43 informantai – ikimokyklinio ugdymo pedagogai iš keturių Klaipėdos ikimokyklinio ugdymo įstaigų. Tyrimui dalyviai pasirinkti taikant kokybinio tyrimo netikimybinės imties patogųjį atrankos būdą. Išanalizavus tyrimo rezultatus galima teigti, jog ikimokyklinio ugdymo pedagogas, būdamas aktyvus vaiko ugdymosi situacijų kūrėjas ir moderatorius, organizuodamas veiklas netradicinėse gamtinėse aplinkose bendradarbiauja su kitomis įstaigomis, kolegomis, tėvais, kitais specialistais. Netradicinėse gamtinėse aplinkose vaikai jaučiasi labiau atsipalaidavę, stipriau reiškiamos emocijos, smalsesni, susidomėję, motyvuoti veikti. Šioje aplinkoje ugdoma vaizduotė, kūrybiškumas, ilgalaikė atmintis, dėmesys bei pojūčiai. Visa tai pagerina informacijos supratimą ir įsisavinimą. Papildomos intelektinės ir laiko sąnaudos, detalus veiklų planavimas, saugumo užtikrinimas išvykos metu, finansinių klausimų sprendimai, orų permainos, gamtoje tykantys pavojai, vaikų raidos ypatumai yra įvardijami kaip iššūkiai organizuojant vaikų ugdymą netradicinėse gamtinėse aplinkose. Taip pat pastebimas tėvų pasitikėjimo pedagogu trūkumas
DARNAUS VYSTYMOSI TIKSLŲ ĮGYVENDINIMAS LIETUVOJE: SKURDO MAŽINIMO KONTEKSTAS
No full textThe article analyzes the implementation of sustainable development goals in Lithuania: the context of poverty reduction. The problem raised in the study: what are the changes in poverty reduction in the implementation of the first goal of sustainable development, Combating poverty in Lithuania? Subject of work: implementation of sustainable development goals in Lithuania in the context of poverty reduction. The aim of the work: to analyze the implementation of sustainable development goals in Lithuania in the context of poverty reduction. To achieve the goal, the following tasks are set: 1) to perform a theoretical analysis of the implementation of sustainable development goals in Lithuania in the context of poverty reduction; 2) to analyze the changes in the statistical indicators of the fight against poverty of the 1st goal of sustainable development in Lithuania in 2010-2020. period. Research methods: the analysis of scientific and other literary sources is carried out, the analysis of statistical indicators is carried out, the statistics of the Department of Statistics under the Government of the Republic of Lithuania for 2010-2020 are used in the work. data, to evaluate changes in statistical indicators, percentage changes in those indicators are calculated, data are grouped and compared, data are represented graphically.
Sustainable development poses important challenges not only to the world, but also to the socio-economic development of Lithuania, where such important problems as cyclicality of economic development, aging society, changes in the demographic structure, income and gender inequality and others are observed. Analyzing the implementation of the goals of sustainable development, especially the reduction of the fight against poverty, it can be seen that poverty still remains one of the more complex social problems to be solved in Lithuania. Although there is a lot of talk about the problem of poverty in the public sphere, it is one of the Government\u27s priority tasks and the goals set in the Sustainable Development Agenda until 2030, where the fight against poverty is given the first priority goal, but the solution to any problem requires its knowledge, analysis, and the disclosure of the causal factors in an academic level.
After conducting the research, it was found that as the GDP in the country increased during the analyzed period, the level of absolute poverty in Lithuania and the share of the population of men, women and children of all age groups living at risk of poverty or social exclusion in Lithuania decreased. It is noticeable that the government sector\u27s expenses for the most necessary social security services increased the most during the analyzed period, compared to the government sector\u27s necessary expenses for education or health care. Therefore, it is very important to successfully implement the 1st goal of sustainable development in Lithuania, which provides for the elimination of all forms of poverty in the country, thereby contributing to the implementation of Agenda 2030 in the world.Straipsnyje analizuojamas darnaus vystymosi tikslų įgyvendinimas Lietuvoje: skurdo mažinimo kontekstas. Tyrime keliama problema: kokie skurdo mažinimo pokyčiai, siekiant įgyvendinti Darnaus vystymosi kovos su skurdu tikslą Lietuvoje? Darbo objektas. Darnaus vystymosi kovos su skurdu tikslo įgyvendinimas Lietuvoje. Darbo tikslas: išanalizuoti darnaus vystymosi tikslų įgyvendinimą Lietuvoje skurdo mažinimo kontekste. Tikslui pasiekti keliami šie uždaviniai: 1) atlikti darnaus vystymosi tikslų įgyvendinimo Lietuvoje skurdo mažinimo kontekste teorinę analizę; 2) išanalizuoti pagrindinių darnaus vystymosi 1-ojo tikslo kovos su skurdu statistinių rodiklių pokyčius Lietuvoje 2010-2020 m. laikotarpiu. Tyrimo metodai: atliekama mokslinės ir kitų literatūros šaltinių analizė, atliekant statistinių rodiklių analizę, darbe naudojami Statistikos departamento prie LR Vyriausybės 2010–2020 m. duomenys, statistinių rodiklių pokyčiams įvertinti apskaičiuojami tų rodiklių procentiniai pokyčiai, duomenys grupuojami ir lyginami, duomenys vaizduojami grafiškai.
Analizuojant darnaus vystymosi tikslų įgyvendinimą, ypač kovos su skurdu mažinimą, matyti, kad skurdas vis dar išlieka viena sudėtingesnių sprendžiamų socialinių problemų Lietuvoje. Skurdo problema yra viena iš Vyriausybės prioritetinių uždavinių ir Darnaus vystymosi darbotvarkėje iki 2030 metų numatytų tikslų, kur kovai su skurdu suteiktas pirmas prioritetinis tikslas. Šiame tyrime siekiama problemą pažinti ir analizuoti akademiniu lygiu.
Atlikus tyrimą, nustatyta, kad didėjant BVP šalyje analizuojamu laikotarpiu, mažėjo absoliutaus skurdo lygis Lietuvoje bei skurdo rizikoje ar socialinėje atskirtyje gyvenančių visų amžiaus grupių vyrų, moterų ir vaikų gyventojų dalis Lietuvoje. Pastebima, kad daugiausiai didėjo ir valdžios sektoriaus išlaidos būtiniausioms socialinės apsaugos paslaugoms analizuojamu laikotarpiu lyginant su valdžios sektoriaus būtiniausiomis išlaidomis švietimui ar sveikatos apsaugai. Sėkmingai įgyvendinamas1-asis darnaus vystymosi tikslas Lietuvoje prisideda prie Darbotvarkės 2030 įgyvendinimo pasaulyje
NUO SKAITMENIŲ ABORIGENŲ IKI HOMO RIDENS: SKAITMENIZACIJOS DIKTUOJAMI MEDIJŲ AUDITORIJOS DISKURSAI MOKSLINĖJE LITERATŪROJE
No full textThis article aims to define the contemporary media audience based on the features and qualities highlighted in the scientific literature. Becoming familiar with their changes and preconditions would allow media content creators and mass media to manage their schedules more effectively, anticipate the impact of their content on the audience and influence their choices, attitudes, and values. The subject of this article is the discourse of media audiences shaped by digitalisation in scientific literature. By reviewing the media audience characteristics highlighted in scientific literature and distinguishing the conditions that determine them, the following objectives were set: to review the media audience terms found in scientific literature, to analyse the preconditions of creating the media audience terms found in scientific literature, and to assess the challenges of changing audiences faced by the media. An integral literature review, based on the provisions of the deductive methodology, as well as structuring and generalisation were used to achieve the goal and accomplish the objectives. The scientific literature insights on media, communication, and public information issues of the last two decades of rapid digitisation are analysed on the basis of communication effect theories, by evaluating their expression in the Lithuanian media.
Media changes due to digitisation are a prerequisite for new media audience discourses. This is how new epithets and metaphors of the audience are born, the origins of which are linked to the beginning of the Internet revolution in 2000. The changing portrait of the media audience and the trends in the structure of the audience are essential determinants of the relationship between public information measures, often referred to as the media, and the audience. The latter is no longer a passive user of the media content. While competing for the audience’s attention, the media must respond to its need to participate in the uninterrupted media process, be its content creator, and shape the media agenda. These challenges are often identified as a consequence of online transformation, in the context of which the audience, forms of media, and content change. However, this transformation also revolves around much older assumptions of media transformation – theories of media effect formed in the 20th century, the expression of which still remains relevant nowadays when assessing audience discourses, shaping the media agenda, and predicting changes in public communication.Straipsnyje siekiama sudėlioti šiuolaikinių medijų auditorijos portretą remiantis mokslinėje literatūroje išskiriamais vyraujančiais bruožais ir savybėmis. Jų kaitos ir prielaidų pažinimas leistų medijų turinio kūrėjams taip pat ir žiniasklaidai efektyviau planuoti savo dienotvarkę, numatyti kuriamo turinio poveikį auditorijai ir daryti įtaką jos pasirinkimui, nuostatoms ir vertybėms. Straipsnio objektu pasirinkti skaitmenizacijos diktuojami medijų auditorijos diskursai mokslinėje literatūroje. Apžvelgiant mokslinėje literatūroje akcentuojamus medijų auditorijos bruožus ir išskiriant juos lemiančias prielaidas, išsikelti uždaviniai: apžvelgti mokslinėje literatūroje aptinkamus medijų auditorijos terminus, išanalizuoti mokslinėje literatūroje aptinkamų medijų auditorijos terminų atsiradimo prielaidas taip pat vertinti, kokius iššūkius kintanti auditorija kelia visuomenės informavimo priemonėms. Tikslui pasiekti ir uždaviniams realizuoti pasitelkta dedukcinės metodologijos nuostatomis paremta integralioji literatūros apžvalga, sisteminimas ir apibendrinimas. Medijų, komunikacijos ir visuomenės informavimo klausimus gvildenančios pastarųjų dviejų dešimtmečių – sparčios skaitmenizacijos laikmečio – mokslinės literatūros įžvalgos analizuojamos komunikacijos efekto teorijų aspektu, įvertinant jų raišką Lietuvos visuomenės informavimo priemonėse.
Skaitmenizacijos nulemti medijų pokyčiai – prielaida naujiems medijų auditorijos diskursams. Taip užgimsta ir nauji auditorijos epitetai bei metaforos, kurių ištakos sietinos su interneto revoliucijos pradžia – 2000 m. Kintantis medijų auditorijos portretas ir auditorijos sąrangos tendencijos – esminiai faktoriai, lemiantys visuomenės informavimo priemonių, kurioms įvardinti dažnai naudojimas medijų sinonimas, ir auditorijos santykį. Pastaroji jau nėra pasyvi medijų turinio vartotoja. Dėl jos dėmesio konkuruojančios medijos privalo atliepti auditorijos poreikį dalyvauti nepertraukiamame medijų vyksme, būti jų turinio kūrėja, formuoti medijų dienotvarkę. Šie iššūkiai dažnai įvardijami kaip internetinio virsmo pasekmė, kurios kontekste keičiasi auditorija, medijų formos ir turinys. Tačiau šiame virsme atsigręžiama ir gerokai ankstyvesnes medijų transformacijos prielaidas – dar XX a. suformuotos medijų efekto teorijas, kurių raiška išlieka aktuali ir šiais laikais, vertinant auditorijos diskursus, formuojant medijų dienotvarkę ir prognozuojant viešosios komunikacijos pokyčius
BUSINESS MODELS OF COLLABORATIVE ECONOMY IN BUILDING SOCIAL CAPITAL
No full textThe article looks into the essence of the collaborative economy, provides an overview of business examples within this sector, and discusses its contribution to social capital aligned with the UN’s SDGs. Although forms of sharing/ collaborative economy existed before, they gained momentum with technological advancement and proliferation. Now, it has been developing in different contexts, and thanks to broad access to innovative solutions it has become more egalitarian. New communication channels affected the way people interact, but most importantly empowered them and provided them with tools to enter previously unavailable areas as active co-creators of market offerings. Consumers and markets have been changing so there is a clear response in changing consumer behavior. The trends are also determined by shifts in employment relations, their alternative forms, and loosened ties with employers that all result in looking for different solutions to generate livable income. As a result, cultural shifts follow with individuals willing to share things, knowledge, information, experience, etc. Such models, however, require trust which is the most important element or even a synonym of social capital. While the previous business models developed within the framework of regulation, the new forms take the path “from bottom- up” where individuals initiate ideas and cooperate with peers without regulatory protection or intermediary. The potential of the sector development is huge with differences across regions where measures of trust are varied.The article looks into the essence of the collaborative economy, provides an overview of business examples within this sector, and discusses its contribution to social capital aligned with the UN’s SDGs. Although forms of sharing/ collaborative economy existed before, they gained momentum with technological advancement and proliferation. Now, it has been developing in different contexts, and thanks to broad access to innovative solutions it has become more egalitarian. New communication channels affected the way people interact, but most importantly empowered them and provided them with tools to enter previously unavailable areas as active co-creators of market offerings. Consumers and markets have been changing so there is a clear response in changing consumer behavior. The trends are also determined by shifts in employment relations, their alternative forms, and loosened ties with employers that all result in looking for different solutions to generate livable income. As a result, cultural shifts follow with individuals willing to share things, knowledge, information, experience, etc. Such models, however, require trust which is the most important element or even a synonym of social capital. While the previous business models developed within the framework of regulation, the new forms take the path “from bottom- up” where individuals initiate ideas and cooperate with peers without regulatory protection or intermediary. The potential of the sector development is huge with differences across regions where measures of trust are varied