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Construing and identifying referentiality in interspecies languaging
No full textInternational audienceThis paper explores referentiality in interaction involving dogs and 6-12-year-old human children. The focus is on the vocal and bodily activities that the children treat as referring to something observable or otherwise shared in the situation. Ethological research has shown that animal vocalisations not only express emotional states but also convey context-specific indexical information. This functional referentiality has been observed across species also in situations involving a third party or an object (Faragó et al. 2010, Pongrácz et al. 2024).In this study, the objective is not to measure the degree of referentiality in dog behaviour, as such, but to identify 1) what canine vocalisations and bodily cues are treated as referential, 2) which human language forms children use to respond to these, 3) in which types of interactional contexts referentiality is perceived, and 4) how human children tailor iconic and indexical referential relationships in their own speech to adapt to the dog’s assumed communicative properties.The data consist of 15 video recordings presenting child-dog dyads in ecological French- and Finnish-speaking context (Grandgeorge et al. 2020, Peltola et al. 2025). The post-anthropocentric (Braidotti 2024) theoretical framework combines biosemiotics (Uexküll 2011, Tønnessen 2022) and cognitive linguistic approaches to meaning construal, embodiment, and perspective-taking (Johnson 2018, Tomasello 2019).The study shows that children highlight the perceived referential potential of dog sounds by incorporating imitated vocalisations into semantically complex constructions. In "non pas rhoo rhaa" ‘no not rhoo rhaa’, which is a response to the dog’s repeated growl in a ball game, the child imitates the canine sound (Harjunpää 2022, Mondémé 2022), and treats it as carrying a local referential meaning recognisable for both playing partners, namely announcing the dog’s taking possession of the ball. As the child simultaneously kicks the ball, so that the dog cannot reach it, the event to which the growl is referentially connected is cancelled both linguistically and physically. When orienting to objects at the focus of interaction, such as toys, the dog’s non-vocal behaviour also serves as a resource for proform referentiality, e.g. "no ni, oliha se siellä" ‘well, it was there after all’ uttered after the dog has found the last hidden treat in an interactive toy. The dog’s gaze is frequently incorporated into referential processes, e.g. "tu ne la vois même pas" ‘you don’t even see it’ or "pas ça, ça" ‘not that one, this one’ are responses to dog’s looking steadily at the hidden toy location or changing the gaze direction from one human hand to another. Simultaneously with the verbal utterances, the children use non-lexical sounds, (empty) hands and body posture as indexical signs, thereby embracing the multimodal dimension of dog-human interaction.The paper brings to the fore meaning construction in interspecies interactions. Excluding semantics contributes to maintaining the status of human language as a system apart that cannot be analysed on the same grounds as others. The notion of languaging opens up the boundaries and places human languages among other modes of interaction, including those used by other species (Demuro & Gurney 2023)
Épisode spécial : Interview de Bienvenu Matumo par Poncia Nyembo : Développement urbain de la région de Goma (RDC) en situation de post-conflits : entre exploitation minière et ingérence internationale.: Voyage au centre de la thèse fondé par Amélie Elouin (Laboratoire d'Optique et Biosciences)
No full textDans ce nouveau épisode spécial, Poncia reçoit Bienvenu Matumo, doctorant en géographie sociale à Paris VIII, aussi militant du mouvement Lutte pour le changement (LUCHA), présente sa thèse sur le développement urbain de Goma, ville de l’est de la République du Congo (RDC) marquée par les conflits, l’exploitation minière et une forte présence humanitaire. Il analyse comment la guerre et les migrations influencent la croissance urbaine, souvent chaotique, de cette ville enclavée entre un volcan, une frontière et un lac. Il souligne le rôle prépondérant des big man, acteurs économiques et politiques locaux, dans la production de la ville en dehors de l’État. Bienvenu insiste sur l’urgence d’une planification urbaine face à une croissance démographique rapide et à une gouvernance fragile.- enregistrement et montage des interviews par les doctorants du Laboratoire d'Optique et Biosciences. - dépôt sur MediHal par Elsa BALDUZZ
A review of fossil Ictonychinae (Mustelidae) from the Plio-Pleistocene of Africa
No full textInternational audienceWe here describe one new specimen of Prepoecilogale from South Africa whilst reviewing previously published material. African representatives of the subfamily are known from Morocco, Algeria, Kenya, Tanzania, and South Africa. The South African specimens are assigned to Prepoecilogale bolti (Petter, 1987). North and East African specimens are referred to the extant genera Ictonyx, Poecilictis, and Poecilogale. The specimens from Laetoli, previously assigned to Prepoecilogale, are here reassigned to the new species Ictonyx harrisoni</div
Une France sans ouvriers ?: L'épreuve de la désindustrialisation (XXe-XXIe siècles)
No full textTable ronde proposée par les Jeunes chercheurs de l'Association française de l'histoire des mondes du travail (AFHMT) La désindustrialisation a déstabilisé les sociétés occidentales et en premier lieu les mondes ouvriers. Le phénomène, défini par ses historiens pionniers comme « socialement compliqué, historiquement profond, géographiquement divers et politiquement embarrassant », est un fait majeur de notre histoire du temps présent. Récemment, un champ d’étude s’est affirmé en France, dans la continuité des deindustrial studies aux États-Unis et au Royaume-Uni sur les conséquences de la fin des usines dans les communautés industrielles. Cette table-ronde, qui réunit des chercheuses et chercheuses portant cette histoire en cours, et membres de l’Association française de l’histoire des mondes du travail (AFHMT), entend questionner les mutations affectant la société française face à la fin des usines. Le prisme des ouvriers et des ouvrières s’impose pour entrevoir ces bouleversements : à travers leur chute, c’est tout un monde qui est englouti, laissant place à de nouvelles fractures sociales, de nouveaux clivages politiques et un nouveau regard posé sur cette France industrielle dont la fin est sans cesse proclamée, voire célébrée par certains comme la fin d’un groupe ouvrier perçu comme archaïque et privilégié
On the Secrets of Arabic Writing
No full textInternational audienceمُلَخَّص : يَسعَى هذا البحثُ إلَى استجلاء الـمَعنَى اللغوي والتاريخي لمصطلح «العربية»، وتحليل البنية الهِجائية العربية مِن حيثُ عَدَد حُروفها وتطوُّرها الكِتابي والصوتي. ويركّز على تفسير عَدَدٍ من الظواهر الإملائية والرسومية التي تُميِّز الخَطَّ العربيّ، مِثل شكلِ «اللام–ألِف»، ورَسمِ الهَمزة، وأشكالِ الكاف والعين والنون، فضلاً عن ظاهرة الألف الفارقة والواو الزائدة، إضافةً إلى نشأة الحَرَكات وعلاماتها وأصولِها. كما يَـتناولُ البحثُ الآثارَ الخَطِّيَّة الموروثة في نِظام الهِجاء العربي، ويربطها بجذورها في الأبجديات الساميَّة، ولا سِيَّما السريانية والنبطية، ويقدّم فَرَضياتٍ حول الأصل السرياني والنبَطيّ لبعض الأشكال الخطية. ويَخلُص البحثُ إلى أنّ الـخَطَّ العربي ليس بُـنْـيةً معزولة، بل هو نِتاج تفاعُل تاريخي وثقافي ولغوي متشابك، يكشف عن استمرارية في أشكال الحروف ورموز الضبط، وعن دينامية في تحوّلها من رسوم قديمة إلى أنساق معيارية مستقرة. الكلمات المفتاحية : العربية، الأبجدية، السريانية، النبطية، تطوّر الحروف، الإملاء، الحركات، الأثر الساميّ، تاريخ الكتابة.This study seeks to elucidate the linguistic and historical meaning of the term “Arabic” and to analyze the structure of the Arabic alphabet in terms of the number of its letters and their graphic and phonetic development. It focuses on explaining a range of orthographic and graphemic phenomena characteristic of Arabic script, such as the lām–alif ligature, the representation of the hamza, and the forms of kāf, ʿayn, and nūn, in addition to the distinctive cases of the alif al-fāriqa and the superfluous wāw. The study also examines the emergence of diacritical marks and vowel signs and their origins. Furthermore, it addresses the inherited graphic features of the Arabic writing system and traces their roots to Semitic alphabets, particularly Syriac and Nabataean, while offering hypotheses regarding the Syriac and Nabataean origins of certain letter forms. The research concludes that Arabic script is not an isolated system but rather the product of complex historical, cultural, and linguistic interactions, reflecting both continuity in letter shapes and diacritical symbols and dynamism in their transformation from ancient drawings into standardized normative patterns.Keywords: Arabic, alphabet, Syriac, Nabataean, letter evolution, orthography, diacritics, Semitic influence, history of writing
An expedient bone tool used for flaying carcasses by Neanderthal at the Abri du Maras (France)
No full textBone tool use is a hallmark of hominin behavioral evolution, yet its signi cance in Pleistocene contexts remains underexplored. We present a multi-method analysis of a bone fragment from Abri du Maras (Marine Isotope Stage 5, France), integrating qualitative use-wear assessment with quantitative 3D surface texture analysis via confocal microscopy and linear discriminant modeling. Results indicate that smoothing on the tool's tip resulted from repeated contact with soft tissues, consistent with carcass aying. This function diverges from the commonly proposed interpretation of such tools being used for hide processing and aligns with ethnographic analogs. Its presence at a seasonal Neanderthal campsite suggests strategic technological planning in subsistence practices. Our ndings demonstrate the diagnostic value of quantitative use-wear analysis and call for re-evaluation of osseous tools, offering re ned insights into Neanderthal cognition and cultural complexity
Quelle place pour le hip-hop à Marseille ?: La ville entre imaginaire rap et réalité institutionnelle
No full textInternational audienceLorsqu’on pense au lien entre Marseille et rap, on est frappé d’évidence. Marseille est une ville rap, une ville de rap, voire une « capitale rap ». Pourtant, l'enquête ethnographique menée à Marseille montre que cette association semble loin d’aller de soi et a conduit au contraire à relever la rareté des traces de performances rap dans l’espace public du centre-ville
Navigating Eco‐Social Policymaking: Trends, Drivers, and Barriers. Introduction to the Special Issue
No full textInternational audienceIn recent years, research on the integration between social and ecological policies has significantly expanded, highlighting the multiple ways in which these two domains interact. Concepts such as "just transition" and "sustainable welfare" have gained prominence as normative frameworks capturing these interconnections. However, despite the increasing scholarly attention, several important theoretical, conceptual, and empirical gaps remain, particularly regarding how social and ecological spheres intersect across different political systems. This Special Issue contributes to this debate by exploring the complex policymaking dynamics underlying eco-social policies. Before presenting the contributions, this introductory article provides a thorough review of existing studies on eco-social policies. The review serves a dual purpose: first, it synthesizes existing knowledge, identifying key gaps; second, it allows us to develop a comprehensive framework to understand eco-social policymaking, based on a political system or systemic approach. This framework conceptualizes eco-social policies as the output of a process driven by escalating eco-social risks and concerns. Citizens' attitudes and voting behavior regarding social and environmental policies serve as the initial inputs that shape policy outputs. Within this system, eco-and welfare regimes represent the broader institutional contexts in which political parties and organized interest groups compete to find solutions to eco-social conflicts and eventually supply eco-social policies
Ancient DNA and biomarkers from artefacts: insights into technology and cultural practices in Neolithic Europe
No full textInternational audienceBirch bark tar was widely used throughout prehistoric Europe for hafting stone tools as well as various other purposes. While previous research has mainly focused on the identification and production of birch bark tar, its diverse uses remain to be fully explored. In this study, we combined ancient DNA with organic residue analysis to analyse 30 birch tar artefacts from nine Neolithic sites in and around the Alps. We identify birch tar as the main component, with some samples also containing conifer resin or tar, possibly added to modify its properties. Degradation markers indicate that tar used for ceramic repair was heated repeatedly, probably during cooking. Additionally, the presence of human and oral microbial DNA in some of the samples suggests the tar was chewed, in some cases by multiple individuals. The human DNA also enables us to determine the sex of those who chewed the tar, offering insights into gendered practices in the past, while plant and animal DNA shed light on past diets and the possible use of additives. This study underscores the value of integrating organic residue and ancient DNA analysis of archaeological artefacts to deepen our understanding of past cultural practices
