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REpresentation of BORders and Otherness in Discursive, Environmental, and Regional Spaces: Ellisif Wessel’s Photography in Neiden & Pasvik
No full textMettre en nombre les cours d'eau : trajectoire d'une infrastructure d'État
No full textInternational audienceRiver flows are key indicators for water policy in France. Computing these numbers implies measuring their explanatory variables: that's the point of hydrometry. Hydrometry combines both descriptive and normative functions, since it should provide knowledge for hydrology, flood forecasting and for the regulation of water abstraction. This article draws on a body of work on quantification and environmental metrology to study how the State administration operates hydrometry to quantify and govern water. Based on a survey of departmental, regional and national government services, the article traces the design of hydrometry as an infrastructure. The objective of focusing on hydrometry is twofold: to address the lack of research on the social history of water on this original theme, and metrology in the social studies of quantification. The article employs the example of water to contribute, more broadly, to a sociology of the ways in which the State manages resources in a context of uncertainty and rivalry, which are further exacerbated by climate change.Les débits des cours d'eau constituent l'indicateur-clé des politiques de l'eau en France. La détermination de ces nombres ne peut se faire sans mesurer les variables qui les expliquent : c'est l'objet de l'hydrométrie. L'hydrométrie articule des dimensions descriptive et normative, puisqu'elle est censée permettre à la fois une connaissance de l'hydrologie des cours d'eau, la prévision des crues et la régulation des prélèvements. L'article s'appuie sur un ensemble de travaux sur la quantification et la métrologie environnementale pour étudier les formes prises par l'hydrométrie déployée par l'administration d'État pour quantifier et gouverner les eaux. À partir d'une enquête auprès des services de l'État et d'une analyse de la littérature grise, l'article retrace la trajectoire de l'hydrométrie à travers les institutions, les matérialités et les professionnalités qui lui sont associées. En se focalisant sur l'hydrométrie, l'ambition est double : investir un angle mort à la fois des travaux sur l'histoire sociale de l'eau et des études sociales de la quantification. À travers l'exemple de la métrologie de l'eau, l'article vise plus largement à contribuer à une sociologie des modalités d'action de l'État dans un contexte d'incertitude et de rivalité autour des ressources, exacerbé par le changement climatique
Analogous environments across the tropics have similar levels of tree species alpha diversity
No full textSource Agritrop Cirad (https://agritrop.cirad.fr/616887/)International audienceDifferent regions of the tropics vary in overall tree species diversity, with the tropical Americas exhibiting strikingly higher regional tree species richness than Africa and Southeast Asia. We investigated whether these differences also occur at the local scale and whether the environmental conditions associated with tree species richness are consistent across tropical regions despite highly dissimilar species pools. A spatial random forest model was trained by using a network of 429 1-hectare plots across the tropics, together with 24 environmental variables, to predict plot-level tree α diversity. A combination of climatic, soil and topographical variables explained ∼86% of the variation in richness. Despite differences in regional species pools and the potentially disruptive effects of different geological, climatic and evolutionary histories, the relationship between environmental variables and local-scale tree species richness is closely similar across different continents. Our findings imply a pervasive role of niche-based mechanisms in structuring local tree species richness, regardless of the regional species assemblages. This pantropical convergence in the richness–environment relationship poses a challenge for ecology to explain
La prédication de Thomas d'Aquin — Présentation: Avec l’édition des sermons d’Étienne Tempieret de son frère Jean, o. p., par Iacopo COSTAet la bibliographie complète du Père L. J. Bataillonsuivie de témoignages sur le Père L. J. Bataillon
No full textHistoire de la prédication médiévaleInternational audienceLike most of his contemporaries, Saint Thomas does not seem to have been concerned with publishing his sermons, writes Father Louis Jacques Bataillon, who has reached the pinnacle of his research on medieval preaching in all its breadth. The fragmentary transmission of Thomas Aquinas' sermons is therefore not an exception for his time, and the edition produced by Fr. Bataillon thus serves as a model for the publication of other medieval preachers. This book first brings together eight articles devoted to the edition of Thomas Aquinas' sermons and his preaching as a whole; followed by a tribute in the form of the publication of six sermons by the brothers Étienne and Jean Tempier, edited by Iacopo Costa; this tribute continues in the complete bibliography of Fr. Bataillon, compiled from his own archives; the collection concludes with three texts delivered at Fr. Bataillon's funeral.Comme la plupart des maîtres ses contemporains, saint Thomas ne semble pas s'être préoccupé de donner une édition de sa prédication, écrit le P. Louis Jacques Bataillon, arrivé au sommet de ses recherches sur la prédication médiévale dans toute son ampleur. La transmission fragmentaire des sermons de Thomas d'Aquin n'est donc pas une exception pour son époque et l'édition qu'en a procuré le P. Bataillon constitue ainsi un modèle pour l'édition d'autres prédicateurs médiévaux. Ce livre rassemble, d'abord, huit articles consacrés à l'édition des semons de Thomas d'Aquin et à l'ensemble de sa prédication ; suit, en forme d'hommage, la publication de six sermons des frères Étienne et Jean Tempier par les soins de Iacopo Costa ; cet hommage se prolonge dans la Bibliographie complète du P. Bataillon, rédigée à partir de ses propres archives; le recueil s'achève dans trois textes prononcés lors des funérailles du P. Bataillo
Compte rendu: Yvon Tranvouez, Qu’est-ce qu’un laboratoire ? Le Centre de recherche bretonne et celtique (1969-2019)
No full textRéférence : Yvon Tranvouez (dir.), Qu’est-ce qu’un laboratoire ? Le Centre de recherche bretonne et celtique (1969-2019), Brest, Éditions du CRBC, coll. « Kreis », 2024, 260 p.International audienc
MAGUR 2026 / février
No full textAu fil de l'eauDocuments, notes et études sur la Mésopotamie antique en édition libre en lignePole assyriologique du Campus Condorcet, équipe de recherche Anhiman°1 : Išme-Dagan, Nippur et le dieu de l’Orage : un hymne sumérien inédit enrichi de gloses (M. Guichard et L. Hebenstreit)n° 2 : Une inscription de Kudur-mabuk célébrant la construction du temple d’Innana de Zabala (M. Guichard)n°3 : Un poème sumérien en l'honneur de Sin-iddinam ? (M. Guichard)n°4 : Akkadian Texts on stone blocks from the ‘staircase’ of Puzur-Sušinak (L. Colonna d'Istria et F. Desset)n°5 : Réflexions sur le prisme « Ninive B » d’Assarhaddon et l’exemplaire HE 323 (A. Caron)n°6 : Hali-hadun, les Sim'alites et la conquête de Šubat-Enlil : le fil des événements (M. Guichard)n°7 : Une guerre méconnue de Šulgi (M. Guichard
Rendre la mimèsis à l’acteur : la théorie du jeu de l’acteur de tragédie grecque antique reconsidérée à partir de la notion de monomane des traités de Zeami sur le nô
No full textInternational audienceIn Aristotle’s Poetics, representation (mimesis) primarily describes the art of composition by the poet, with only a marginal consideration of the actor’s craft. In contrast, Zeami’s theorization of noh — a total form of Japanese performing art — focuses on the actor’s performance under the term monomane (“mimicry”) an art consisting in “making something resemble” (niseru 似せる) without adhering to any principle of realistic imitation. For the actor, “to look like” (niru 似る) consists of adopting the stereotyped posture (jintai 人体) and typical mannerisms of a role. The goal is to create a visual form in motion (sugata 姿) that serves as the foundation of the performance. To this moving form is added a repertoire of codified figures: organized into sequences, these figures (te 手) are combined with footwork (ashi 足) that shapes the performer’s path across the stage and animates his silhouette.Cette réflexion explore la notion de monomane dans les traités de Zeami sur le nō, qui désigne à la fois le « jeu d’acteur » et l’« apprentissage » des formes scéniques. Le monomane est une forme de jeu non réaliste où l’acteur, masqué, adopte des gestes codifiés (kata) en fonction de son rôle, en harmonie avec la musique et les chants. Nous verrons comment cette pratique remet en question la mimèsis aristotélicienne, en réorientant la notion vers l’acteur et la transmission des formes scéniques plutôt que l’imitation réaliste
Open data meets data justice
No full textInternational audiencePublic administrations continue to adopt open data initiatives. These initiatives involve creating, releasing, and re-using data sets on political, social, and economic aspects, which are published in machine-readable, interoperable formats and under open licenses. Yet, many open data initiatives adhering to these 'techno-legal' characteristics do not live up to their promises of enabling 'vision' (i.e., ensuring transparency) and 'voice' (i.e., enabling participation ) for citizens, especially when algorithms and AI tools are integrated into the workings of public administrations.The conceptual framework of 'data justice' might help correct the direction. It addresses issues of 'vision' and 'voice, ' focusing on who decides what data is generated, for what purposes, and for whose benefit. In this paper, we extend this framework to public administrations, given that public administrations already incorporate an orientation toward justice in practice, commonly referred to as social equity. Building on research from critical data studies and public administration, we present a conceptual framework called ' open data justice' , and illustrate how this framework can be translated in practice by governments to promote justice in their open data initiatives. This contribution is intended to benefit researchers and practitioners seeking to operationalise justice in open data governance, thus reframing the study and practice of open data in public administration
Mass medical evacuations to decrease the intensive care burden: results from the TRANSCOV cohort study.
No full textInternational audienceBackground: In a context of overwhelming demand, mass transfers between intensive care units (ICU) were organized in France during the first COVID-19 epidemic wave (spring 2020). According to early reports, transferred patients experienced a 3-to-4-fold lower ICU case fatality. It is not known whether this difference stems only from the selection of healthier patients for transfer.Research question: Is the 28-day ICU case fatality of transferred patients different from that of matched control (not transferred) patients?Study design and methods: Multicenter retrospective cohort study that included 285 transferred patients, and 667 control (not transferred) patients admitted simultaneously (± 2 days) to the same "origin" ICU and alive five days after the transfer date. The 28-day ICU case fatality and clinical events during ICU stay were compared in transferred and control patients.Results: At ICU admission, age, COVID-19 severity, comorbidities and Simplified Acute Physiology Score II (SAPS II) were similar, but transferred patients were lighter (81 versus 89 kg, p<0.0001) and more autonomous than the matched control patients (64.5 versus 55.0%, p=0.01). Case fatality was approximately 7-fold lower in transferred patients (adjusted incidence rate ratio = 0.14 [95% CI: 0.10-0.19]). ICU stay was longer and delirium, psychiatric disorders and neuromuscular blockade exposure were more frequent in transferred patients than controls. Conversely, acute kidney injury was more frequent in controls (51.5 versus 37.7%, p<0.0001).Interpretation: Although the selection of healthier patients likely contributed to better survival, removal from an overcrowded care environment probably also explains the large survival benefit associated with transfer. By reducing workload, mass transfers might have also benefited patients who remained in origin ICUs. Organizing mass transfers as early as possible may be an appropriate strategy for mitigating the impact of an overwhelming intensive care demand