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From the block to the blade: The contribution of lithic technology of the Villazette site (Creysse, Dordogne) to understanding the early stages of blade production in the Middle Magdalenian
No full textInternational audienceIn southwestern France, blades attributed to the Late Middle Magdalenian are occasionally found in the form of batches of finished objects in particular contexts such as painting cave like Labastide or Enlène in the Pyrenees. The lack of first stages of production, absent or poorly documented in “consumption” sites, represent a key obstacle to fully understand the chaîne opératoire. As such, investigating a lithic assemblage from “production” sites through refitting and technological analysis raises questions about technological segmentation of blade production.Located in the Aquitaine Basin, the site of Villazette (Creysse, Dordogne) is situated on the low terraces of the Dordogne River, in an area rich in high-quality ‘Bergeracois’ flint. Excavations have revealed a series of open-air occupations, including one layer related to the Late Middle Magdalenian phase showing evidence of blade production.The analysis of cores and other products confirms the presence of blades exceeding twenty centimeters, along with the production of smaller blades for toolmaking. Refitting studies provide insight into the early stages of blade production: raw blocks were collected on-site and shaped through the preparation of anterior and posterior crests, ensuring an efficient reduction sequence.Furthermore, the spatial distribution analysis reveals two concentrations with distinct functions, raising questions about the organization of the occupation. The discovery of this site underscores the archaeological potential of the Dordogne’s riverbanks for exploring the organization of Magdalenian groups
Building blocks between past and present: Perspectives from a holistic 3D GIS-based intra-site excavation archive
No full textInternational audienceThis paper summarises the development and showcases the uses of a 3D GIS-based tool used by the Keros Project in our work at the Early Bronze Age site of Dhaskalio, Keros. While reflexivity and born-digital tools were built into the design of the more recent 2016–2018 excavations, the earlier 2006–2008 seasons were limited to the techniques available at the time. This has led us to address how to appropriately integrate older non-natively digital excavation material into an extensive 3D environment in a way in which specialist and artefact data, stratigraphic information and architectural material can appropriately be analysed together and made accessible to team members in a single environment. The extrapolation of photogrammetric models and orthomosaics from archival excavation photos from the 2006–2008 seasons, and incorporation of 3D finds and specialist data has been a key challenge. The synthesis of old and new data from a project archive based on disparate sources in such a 3D environment has offered many benefits: first, a contribution to the role of reflexivity in excavation practices and site interpretation, and second, a better comprehension of the site overall, especially from an architectural perspective. In particular, bringing together 3D models of building remains which had been backfilled, and were thus inaccessible to those working in the most recent excavations, has been invaluable to our understanding of the site. Furthermore, such work has facilitated the production of new data in 3D reconstructions of the different occupation phases. This paper addresses some of the methodological and theoretical issues faced when attempting to incorporate such diverse data into a single access point, in particular with reference to 3D data, in the hope of continuing a dialogue on best practices for long-term single project archives in a period of increasingly born-digital data
La Guerre des sables de 1963
No full textInternational audienceThis article revisits the 1963 “War of the Sands” and examines Cuba’s decisive role in providing military support to newly independent Algeria. Drawing on diplomatic archives, press sources and political testimonies, it argues that the Cuban intervention – the island’s first internationalist military mission – functioned both as an act of revolutionary solidarity and as a means of projecting influence within the Third World. The episode is shown to be central to the consolidation of Algerian-Cuban relations and to the emergence of an autonomous South–South diplomacy during the Cold War.Este artículo vuelve sobre la “Guerra de las Arenas” de 1963 y analiza el papel decisivo desempeñado por Cuba en el apoyo militar a la Argelia recién independizada. A partir de archivos diplomáticos, fuentes de prensa y testimonios de actores políticos, muestra que la intervención cubana – primera misión internacionalista de la isla – fue a la vez un gesto de solidaridad revolucionaria, un medio de afirmación en la escena del Tercer Mundo y un elemento clave en la consolidación de las relaciones argelino-cubanas. El estudio esclarece así la manera en que este episodio contribuyó a estructurar una diplomacia Sur-Sur autónoma en el marco de la Guerra Fría.Cet article revient sur la « Guerre des sables » de 1963 et analyse le rôle décisif joué par Cuba dans le soutien militaire à l’Algérie nouvellement indépendante. À partir d’archives diplomatiques, de sources de presse et de témoignages d’acteurs politiques, il montre que l’intervention cubaine – première mission internationaliste de l’île – a été à la fois un geste de solidarité révolutionnaire, un moyen d’affirmation sur la scène du Tiers-Monde et un élément clé dans la consolidation des relations algéro-cubaines. L’étude éclaire ainsi la manière dont cet épisode a contribué à structurer une diplomatie Sud-Sud autonome au sein de la guerre froide
Procréations médicalement assistées en islam ainsi que dans le judaïsme et le catholicisme. Genre, filiation, sexualité et religions
No full textInternational audienceAlors qu'on tient pour acquis que les techniques de procréation médicalement assistée auraient séparé la procréation de la sexualité, la sexualité dans ses multiples dimensions, non seulement physique mais également psychique, est loin d'avoir disparu de ces nouvelles manières de procréer. C'est ce que révèlent avec force les interrogations de certaines religions vis-à-vis de ces techniques, notamment l'islam sunnite qui sera mis en perspective avec les autres monothéismes, soit le judaïsme et le catholicisme romain, mais aussi avec l'islam shiite. Nous analyserons également les positions de l'islam à l'égard de la conservation et de l'accueil des embryons, du clonage reproductif, des mères porteuses, de l'avortement thérapeutique, du diagnostic préimplantatoire et de la sélection du sexe de l'enfant. Les questions débattues par les monothéismes à propos des procréations médicalement assistées, qu'il s'agisse des questions de filiation, de sexualité, d'adultère ou d'inceste, se posent plus largement à toutes les sociétés, quel que soit le contexte, religieux ou laïque, notamment lorsque ces techniques impliquent un tiers donneur
Ungulate feeding ecology at Abri du Maras reveals diverse habitats and seasonally targeted Neanderthal occupations (MIS 5–3)
No full textInternational audienceThe Abri du Maras (Ardèche, France), located on the southeastern margins of the Massif Central, yields a long sequence of occupation from the MIS 7 to the MIS 3, under a cave and then a shelter resulting in the cave collapse. Middle Palaeolithic assemblages record different types of traditions of human groups regularly and recurrently occupying the site. Dental mesowear and low-magnification microwear are combined to reconstruct ungulate diets and occupation tempo through the Abri du Maras sequence (MIS 5: Layers 5.1–5.3; MIS 3: Layers 4.1–4.2). Mesowear captures annual dietary abrasiveness, while microwear records individual short-term intake and, for assemblages, the duration of faunal accumulation events. Across levels, Equus ferus persistently expresses a grazing signal (high MWS; high scratch frequencies). In Level 4.2, Cervus elaphus exhibits a clear browsing signal (low MWS; high pit frequencies), Megaloceros giganteus a browse-dominated mixed-feeding pattern with some divergence between mesowear and microwear results, and Rangifer tarandus a flexible mixed-feeding strategy with limited evidence for lichen consumption. Bovids present grass-dominated mixed feeding. Community-level dietary breadth peaks in 4.2, consistent with a local mosaic of open grassland and browse-rich patches; other levels skew toward more open, abrasive contexts. Microwear variability classifies multiple horse and deer (and bovid in 4.2) assemblages as seasonal events, while some MIS 5 reindeer samples indicate longer or repeated inputs. Patterns at Abri du Maras are similar to other Middle Palaeolithic Mediterranean sequences (e.g., Teixoneres, Abric Romaní, Payre, De Nadale/San Bernardino, Fumane), where equids and bovids occupied open-ground niches and cervids occupied browse-dominated habitats. Results indicate that Abri du Maras functioned over time as a seasonal campsite, repeatedly reoccupied to exploit predictable prey across shifting open–ecotone landscapes, whatever the technological tradition of the human groups and the duration of the occupations
A Stone Bead Production Complex from the Beginning of the Indus Civilization at Chanhu-Daro (Sindh, Pakistan)
No full textInternational audienceBetween 2016 and 2020, a massive stone bead workshop associated to dwelling units was discovered at Chanhu-daro site (Trench 2 and 3) and dated to the first period of the Indus Civilization (2600/2500-2300 BCE). A huge amount of different raw materials (e.g. flint, steatite, agate, carnelian, jasper, ernestite) was processed and debitage wastes of both knapping and cutting activities were identified. Tools for manufacturing, perforating or polishing the stone beads (e.g. blades, drills/borers, polishers, hammers, pressure flaker) -some of them unique and exceptionally preserved -were found together. Several beads roughouts, preforms, and finished products were also documented. For the first time (so-far) contextualized data about an intensive craft production from the first Indus period will be discussed. The evidence found at Chanhu-daro site will help reconstructing the whole stone beads manufacturing processes and investigating the related technical system.</div
Landscapes of uncertainty: Mangrove rice farmers' perceptions of rainfall variability and climate change adaptation in three coastal regions of Guinea-Bissau, West Africa
No full textInternational audienceRainfall variability poses growing challenges to mangrove rice farming in Guinea-Bissau, threatening both local livelihoods and food security. This study investigates how farmers in the coastal regions of Cacheu, Oio, and Tombali perceive changing rainfall patterns and adapt their cropping calendars accordingly. Using a companion modelling approach, we co-designed a serious game with 45 mangrove rice farmers from 13 villages, complemented by group interviews and participant observation. The results reveal that farmers possess detailed, experience-based knowledge of rainfall variability-particularly regarding the delayed onset, mid-season dry spells, and early cessation of rains-which directly influences key agricultural decisions such as nursery establishment, transplanting, and harvesting. Through the serious game, participants collectively identified and validated four main adaptation strategies: (1) flexible adjustments to cropping systems (e.g., shifting to direct seeding in erratic years), (2) strategic use of short-and medium-cycle rice varieties, (3) enhanced water management through reinforced dykes and drainage innovations, and (4) diversification into complementary livelihood activities such as cashew cultivation and fishing. The serious game proved to be an effective tool for facilitating dialogue, sharing local knowledge, and collectively refining context-specific adaptation pathways. These findings underscore the value of integrating farmers' ecological knowledge with participatory methodologies to support resilient agricultural planning under climate uncertainty.</div
Christian Grataloup Vincent Lemire, 2025, Atlas historique du Moyen-Orient, Paris, L’histoire - Éditions les Arènes, 189 p.
No full textInternational audienceCompte-rendu de l'atlas historique du Moyen-Orient de Christian Grataloup et Vincent Lemire, mis en perspective avec l'atlas éponyme paru en 2020 par Florian Louis
Redesign adaptatif des paysages urbains industriels. Le cas d'étude de la place de TEE à Komotini, Grèce
No full textInternational audienceDeindustrialization has left many industrial buildings inactive, raising questions about their role in contemporary urban life. This article explores how semiotics and psychogeography can reframe such structures as dynamic architectural happenings, shifting emphasis from preservation toward social value and collective experience. This research focuses on Komotini, Greece, where the Technical Chamber Square is reinterpreted through references to the adjacent Tobacco Warehouse. By integrating architectural traces of the past into new recreational and sporting functions, this study demonstrates how heritage can be embedded into everyday practices. Methodologically, this research employs qualitative approaches, including demographic and historical analysis of Komotini's urban and industrial development, alongside psychogeographic drifting walks. Twenty interviews were conducted with local business owners, residents, and visitors, as well as psychogeographic walks, generating insights into how communities interact with industrial heritage. The findings indicate that semiotics and psychogeography are effective tools for activating public spaces near former industrial sites, enabling the built environment to be understood as a layered record of successive interventions. The study concludes that adaptive redesign offers designers a methodology that can embed industrial fragments into vibrant public realms that sustain diverse communities, catalyze local economies, and honor historical identity through lived practices
Can subfossil insects complement pedoanthracology in reconstructing the past trajectories of old-growth forests? A study case from the Northern Central Pyrenees (France)
No full textInternational audienceThe presence of insect remains preserved in soils has the potential to serve as a complementary proxy to charcoal, facilitating the reconstruction of Holocene forest trajectories at high spatial resolution. Six pits were dug at three old-growth forest sites (two per site) in the Central Pyrenees (France). Insect remains and charcoal were collected in each soil layer, following the pedoanthracological method usually conducted in similar mountain contexts. Radiocarbon dating was performed on a selection of both insects and charcoal, and a time-since-death index was developed to evaluate the degradation stage and relative age of the insect remains. Insect remains were present in most layers, but were more abundant in the upper ones, as with charcoal. Whereas radiocarbon dating did not work on individual insect remains, the time-since-death index showed a consistent relationship between increasing degradation and increasing depth. Saproxylic beetles, which are key indicators of the maturity of old-growth forests, were poorly preserved in the soils studied, but some of the other beetles identified at genus or species level provided useful information on past forest openness