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Wrangling words in Wallacea: Assumptions and fallacies in the linguistic history of eastern Indonesia
No full textInternational audienceKeynote speech held at 17th Conference on Austronesian and Papuan Languages and Linguistics, Cologne, 23 July 2025. This talk examines, and questions, some persistent traditions in the study of the linguistic history of Wallacea. Over several thousand years, Wallacea―the area of eastern Indonesia and western New Guinea―has been a zone of intense contact and exchange between groups of different linguistic affiliations, fuelled by trade and migration. Nonetheless, many of the ideas about the linguistic history of Wallacea have been formed in isolation from other disciplines concerned with the human past, such as history, archaeology and genetics, and are discordant with them. In this talk, I present the results of recent work into loanwords across Linguistic Wallacea and examine how these impact our understanding of the region
Entre rupture et continuité : la logique cosmologique du pluralisme médical à Madagascar
No full textThis dissertation investigates medical pluralism in Madagascar, particularly in Antsirabe, analyzing the cultural and cosmological logic that sustains the coexistence of therapeutic practices. It advances the "fractured cosmos" concept, based on ethnographic research (2023-2024) into interactions among traditional healers (linked to ancestors, nature spirits), biomedicine, and exogenous influences.The study demonstrates this pluralism is rooted in a cosmos where human-ancestral and autochthonous/natural planes, though distinct, interact. Hasina (vital power), through its heterogeneous manifestations (socialized, wild, or an "amoral hasina" for biomedicine) and its monistic potential, legitimizes these diverse therapeutic practices. This cosmological structure explains how exogenous techniques (geomancy, acupuncture) are integrated by affiliation with a "master of the world" or through material accommodation.The thesis further examines contemporary traditional medicine, which navigates between objectification and performative modernity. It also explores cultural mutations, such as Christian influences and internal monistic trends, which are reconfiguring the local pantheon and healing landscape.Ultimately, the "fractured cosmos" framework offers a holistic theoretical tool for understanding cultural integration. It illuminates, by contrast, "cosmos of continuity" logics (e.g., China), and provides deeper insights into the complex interplay of local knowledge, power structures, and globalization.Cette thèse explore le pluralisme médical à Madagascar, particulièrement à Antsirabe, en analysant la logique culturelle et cosmologique qui sous-tend la coexistence des pratiques thérapeutiques. Elle propose le concept de « cosmos en rupture », s’appuyant sur une ethnographie (2023-2024) des interactions entre guérisseurs traditionnels, biomédecine, et influences exogènes.L’étude démontre que ce pluralisme s’ancre dans un cosmos où les plans humano-ancestral et autochtone/naturel, bien que distincts, interagissent. Le hasina (force vitale), dans ses manifestations hétérogènes (socialisé, sauvage, voire amoral pour la biomédecine) et son potentiel moniste, légitime ces pratiques thérapeutiques. Ce cadre explique l’intégration des techniques exogènes (géomancie, acupuncture) par affiliation à un « maître du monde » ou par accommodation matérielle. La thèse examine aussi la médecine traditionnelle contemporaine, naviguant entre objectivation et modernité performative, et les mutations culturelles (christianisme, tendances monistes internes) qui reconfigurent le panthéon local.Le « cosmos en rupture » offre ainsi un cadre théorique holistique pour l’intégration culturelle, éclairant par contraste des logiques de « cosmos en continuité » (ex. Chine). Cette approche holistique, combinant réflexivité et théorisation ancrée, permet de saisir la complexité des dynamiques entre savoirs locaux, pouvoir et culture à l’ère de la mondialisation
Musik Tradisional Timor-Leste: Fataluku, Kemak, Bunaq & Atauro (1957-2023)
No full textInternational audienc
Learn Programming with OCaml. Algorithms and Data Structures
No full textLearn Programming with OCamlAlgorithms and Data StructuresSylvain Conchon & Jean-Christophe FilliâtreTranslated by Urmila NairFebruary 11, 202
L’assimilation vocalique et consonantique en minyanka
No full textInternational audienceThis article describes assimilation between root vowels and those of noun suffixes; it also studies some cases of vowel fusion. And finally, it studies the assimilation of consonants in contact with nasals.Cet article décrit l’assimilation entre voyelles du radical et celles des suffixes nominaux ; il étudie aussi des cas de fusion vocalique. Puis, il étudie l’assimilation des consonnes au contact de nasale
Raízes da Resistência. Construindo territórios feministas e agroecológicos no Brasil
No full textInternational audienceBrazil is one of the world's leading suppliers of raw materials, as well as a major player in international climate and environmental policy. Between promises of income, evidence of contamination ( agrotoxics, mining) and environmental destruction (soil erosion, deforestation, biodiversity collapse) and doubts about the proposed solutions (payments for ecosystem services, carbon markets), families and communities are divided. At the local level, the dividing line between integration into different types of markets and socio-environmental protection work is closely linked to dominant forms of masculinity and femininity. Between the two, agroecology is both a resistance to commodification and a process of transformation for women and men.This book analyses the commitment of a wide range of subjects to agroecology and, in doing so, redefines the very meaning of this concept. Without neglecting the position of men, it chooses to stand alongside women who have historically been silenced, in a movement that ranges from local experiences to global issues. The authors of this book are members of civil society organisations, social movements and academia in the fields of social and agricultural sciences in Brazil and France. Together, they conducted interdisciplinary field research for nearly two years and action-research with local collectives of women farmers engaged in agroecology. Situated and reflective, the book gives voice to these women, rooted in the kitchens, vegetable gardens, fields, forests, soils and rivers of the Ribeira Valley and the Zona da Mata Mineira in south-eastern Brazil. Confronting the views of farmers and actors in the agro-industrial, mining and environmental sectors, the book presents new knowledge at the crossroads of feminist studies, political economy and ecology, and agroecology, while fuelling the possibilities for concrete alternatives.Le Brésil est l'un des principaux fournisseurs de matières premières pour le reste du monde, en plus d'être un acteur important dans les politiques climatiques et environnementales internationales. Entre les promesses de revenus, les preuves de contamination (agrotoxiques, exploitation minière) et de destruction environnementale (érosion des sols, déforestation, effondrement de la biodiversité) et les doutes sur les solutions proposées (paiements pour les services écosystémiques, marchés du carbone), les familles et les communautés sont divisées. Au niveau local, la ligne de démarcation entre l'intégration à différents types de marchés et le travail de protection socio-environnementale est étroitement liée aux formes dominantes de masculinité et de féminité. Entre les deux, l'agroécologie est à la fois une résistance à la marchandisation et un processus de transformation des femmes et des hommes.Cet ouvrage analyse l'engagement d'un large éventail de sujets en faveur de l'agroécologie et, ce faisant, redéfinit la signification même de ce concept. Sans négliger la position des hommes, il choisit de se placer aux côtés des femmes qui ont été historiquement réduites au silence, dans un mouvement qui va des expériences locales aux questions globales. Les autrices de cet ouvrage sont membres d'organisations de la société civile, de mouvements sociaux et du monde universitaire, dans les domaines des sciences sociales et agraires, au Brésil et en France. Ensemble, elles ont mené une recherche interdisciplinaire sur le terrain pendant près de deux ans et une recherchaction auprès de collectifs locaux de femmes agricultrices engagées dans l'agroécologie. Situé et réflexif, le livre fait entendre la voix de ces femmes, enracinées dans les cuisines, les potagers, les champs, les forêts, les sols et les rivières de la vallée de Ribeira et de la Zona da Mata mineira, au sud-est du Brésil. Confronté aux points de vue des agriculteurs et d'acteurs des secteurs agro-industriel, minier et environnemental, le livre présente de nouvelles connaissances, à la croisée des études féministes, de l'économie et de l'écologie politiques et de l'agroécologie, tout en alimentant les possibilités d'alternatives concrètes.O Brasil é um dos principais fornecedores de matérias-primas para o resto do mundo, além de ser um ator importante nas políticas climáticas e ambientais internacionais. Entre promessas de renda, evidências de contaminação (agrotóxicos, mineração) e de destruição ambiental (erosão dos solos, desmatamento, colapso da biodiversidade) e dúvidas sobre as soluções propostas (pagamentos por serviços ecossistêmicos, mercados de carbono), as famílias e as comunidades estão divididas. A nível local, a linha divisória entre a integração a diversos tipos de mercado e o trabalho de cuidado socioambiental está estreitamente ligada às formas dominantes de masculinidade e feminilidade. Entre os dois, a agroecologia é, a um só tempo, uma resistência à mercantilização e um processo de transformação de mulheres e homens.Este livro analisa o compromisso de uma ampla gama de sujeitos com a agroecologia e, ao fazê-lo, redefine o próprio significado desse conceito. Sem negligenciar a posição dos homens, ele opta por se colocar ao lado de mulheres que historicamente foram silenciadas, em um movimento que vai de experiências locais a questões globais. As autoras e o autor deste livro são membros de organizações da sociedade civil, demovimentos sociais e da Academia, das áreas de ciências sociais e agrárias, do Brasil e da França. Juntos, realizaram uma pesquisa de campo interdisciplinaria de quase dois anos e uma pesquisação com coletivos locais de mulheres agricultoras comprometidas com a agroecologia. Situado e reflexivo, o livro traz à tona as vozes dessas mulheres, enraizadas nas cozinhas, hortas, campos, florestas, solos e rios do Vale do Ribeira (SP) e da Zona da Mata (MG). Confrontado com os pontos de vista de agricultores e de atores dos setores agroindustrial, de mineração e ambiental, o livro apresenta novos conhecimentos, no cruzamento entre os estudos feministas, a economia e a ecologia políticas e a agroecologia, ao mesmo tempo em que alimenta as possibilidades de alternativas concretas
War and Peace in Borneo: Historical Perspective on Conflict Prevention and Resolution
No full textInternational audienceKeeping clear of polemology or irenology theories and the various explanations tendered about religious reasons for tribal war and headhunting practices, as well as of recent international conflicts, this essay describes the general Borneo setting and the particular situation of the Kapit-and-Baleh region as the meeting point of five of the island’s major river basins. In an attempt to uncover features common to the island as a whole, it first focuses on its heartland, and examines the customs or adat relative to waging war and restoring peace among traditional peoples of the interior. Then, in a diachronic perspective, it tries to figure out how these peoples’ assumed autochthonous methods of conflict prevention and resolution changed across historical periods, from pre-colonial times, insofar as they can be properly identified from both interviews with local people and data from the extant literature; via innovations progressively introduced by contact with and influences from coastal (“Malay”) societies; to the sweeping effect of the colonial states’ administrative policies; and the subsequent powerful impact of modern national (or State) societal practices and legal procedures. While the last phase has led to the local development of new formsof written adat corpuses, this essay also points to some other post-independence developments, and to what may remain today of ancient patterns regarding conflicts, their prevention, and their resolution
On the importance of corpora for teaching complex language facts. The case of the genitive of negation in Lithuanian
No full textInternational audienceThe general trend in didactics today remains the direct heir to the communicative method born in the 70s and 80s. The beginnings of this approach can be traced back to the works of N. Chomsky, whose Language Acquisition Device posits the existence of a ‘universal grammar’. Transposed to language teaching, the idea is that we can encourage the ‘natural’ learning of any language by minimally guiding the learner through concrete communication situations. This method has certainly made it possible to break with the old structuralist approach based on rote learning of given grammatical structures and the mechanical repetition of sentences out of context, by placing the emphasis on authentic language as it appears in real communication situations, but it has had the glaring drawback, mainly at the outset, of neglecting grammar: the role of grammar is kept to a minimum, and its presentation does not evolve much from the old out-of-context rules. Indeed, research in didactics focuses on the external conditions of communication, in particular on its socio-cultural specificities, but rarely deals with the language itself.However, the structuring character of linguistics for language learning should no longer need to be demonstrated. The importance of metalinguistic reflection in the acquisition of the first or an additional language has been widely described (Chini (2009), Thomas (1988), Gombert (1990) or De Angelis (2007)), but if the place of linguistics in current didactics remains marginal, it is probably due to the fact that the linguist has not resolved the major difficulty of transposing his research to the field of teaching. It is clear that a direct import of his theoretical analyses is doomed to failure and that it is essential to find a simple and effective way of shedding light on the phenomena, using rudimentary conceptual tools and accessible discourse. Taking as an example a complex linguistic fact, namely the genitive of negation in Lithuanian, I will show how to highlight the fine distinctions that exist between competing expressions, the precise conditions of use of which pose problems for students (cp. (1) and (2)).(1) Labai gaila, bet ne-atsirado žmog-aus, verypity butNEG-be_found.PST3man-GEN.SGkuris būtų galėjęs pakeisti rungtynių eigą.It's a pity, but there was no man who could have changed the course of the match.https://www.atviraklaipeda.lt/2018/11/14/dragunas-patyre-netiketa-pralaimejima/ (2)Tiesiog ne-atsirado žmog-us, simplyNEG-be-found.PST3man-NOM.SGsu kuriuo galėčiau pasidalinti savo gyvenimo džiaugsmais ir rūpesčiais.There just hasn't appeared a man with whom I could share the joys and sorrows of my life.https://lnk.lt/video/kk2-laidoje-ingrida-simonyte-atviraus-apie-savo-gyvenima-vyrus-ir-pomegius/56199The method combines a microlinguistic analysis based on a large corpus of attested occurrences and focusing on the study of lexicon and forms in context with a data-driven presentation, where the student's progress through the data is designed by the teacher so as to bring out the regularities that his prior research has highlighted. The student, immersed in first-hand, attested data with a linguistic and situational context, can then identify himself the principles that account for the alternations in the observed linguistic forms.This method, used in the 4th year of Lithuanian at Inalco, appears to be a fruitful combination of the latest developments in didactics and corpus linguistics