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'A Transcription of a Letter in Dongxiang tuhuanini orou'
No full textThis study explores the tuhuani orou script, a historically significant but under-researched writing system used by the Dongxiang (Santa) people—speakers of a Mongolic language located primarily in southeastern Gansu and parts of Xinjiang, China. While Dongxiang is often assumed to have lacked a written form until the advent of Dunxian Pinyin in the early 2000s, historical evidence reveals the earlier existence of tuhuani orou, a localized variant of the Hui Muslim xiaojing (小经) script. Derived from a modified Arabic script incorporating Persian elements, xiaojing was used to transcribe Chinese dialects, particularly in Muslim communities across the Hexi Corridor. Through prolonged cultural and religious interaction between the Hui and Dongxiang populations, xiaojing was adapted to fit the Dongxiang language, resulting in tuhuani orou—a script employed from at least the 16th century for religious instruction, poetic composition (baiqi), and recording oral traditions. This paper is based on a rare letter collected during a 2015 cultural resource survey in Gansu Province and published online. Our collaborative research team has transcribed it and translated into multiple formats. By presenting this material alongside linguistic analyses and transcription sets, the study offers new insights into the script’s structure, use, and cultural significance. It contributes to the documentation and revitalization of Dongxiang’s rich but largely overlooked written heritage
In and out Amazigh-language texts: the creative continuum of Amazigh literary space
No full textInternational audienc
A glimpse at historical narratives of respect practices known as hlonipha. Questioning linguistic-stereotyping of colonial-era writings and its consequences on contemporary academic knowledge
No full textInternational audienceIn this presentation, I show how colonial and armchair academics writings from the 19th and early 20th centuries are responsible for the gender-stereotyping and linguistic-stereotyping of ukuhlonipha (or hlonipha), an avoidance-based custom of respect traditionally applied to in-laws among Nguni-speaking communities in Southern Africa. I engage in the historical recovery process by suggesting that the knowledge circulation from colonial-era South Africa to philological and anthropological theories of imperial-era Europe is evidence of a knowledge erasure about the practices of ukuhlonipha. Moreover, I demonstrate how looking at local narratives from the 20th century can shed light on local understandings of ukuhlonipha as wider respect practices applying to each social actor. This presentation aims to show how contemporary scientific knowledge of hlonipha should include local narratives, whether historical or contemporary, to limit erasure of a complex set of respectful strategies ordering social life in Xhosa-speaking and Zulu-speaking societies in South Africa
L' éthique mortifère du Japon impérial : la reddition refusée au soldat japonais
No full textInternational audienceThe promulgation of the “code of battlefield conductˮ » in January 1941 by the ministry of Army on the eve of the Pacific war remained in history as a document epitomizing the doctrine of no surrender in Japan: falling alive in the enemy hand was shameful and the Japanese soldier was educated in the idea of “death rather than dishonor ˮ. Henceforth the main objective of this code was not only to forbid surrender but also to strengthen military discipline at a time when Japan got bogged down in the “China Incident ˮ and was facing the risk of an extension of the conflict in East Asia. The article focuses on the context of that promulgation and stresses that the code does not inaugurate the so-called no surrender policy which stemmed up from the warrior ideology of bushidô reshaped by emperor worship since the second half of the Meiji period. Even if, from the legal point of view, the military regulations did not contain any provisions concerning the status and condition of Japanese prisoners of war, this ideology was largely implemented through generations of conscripts and sustained the view of the Japanese military as an indoctrinated, and fanatic fighting machine. The article exposes and evaluates the various communication policies promoted by the Allies to circumvent the fight-to-the-death mentality of the Japanese military, the efficiency of which was doomed by both sides harsh propaganda and the brutalization of fights on the ground.L’édiction des « Instructions du champ de bataille » en janvier 1941 par le ministère de l’Armée est restée fameuse dans l’histoire de la guerre du Pacifique, par l’injonction qu’elle faisait au soldat japonais de ne pas tomber, vivant, entre les mains de l’ennemi. Néanmoins, le véritable objectif de ce texte fut de renforcer la discipline militaire mise à mal par l’enlisement du Japon dans l’incident chinois depuis 1937, tandis que se profilait le risque de l’extension de la guerre à l’ensemble de l’Asie orientale Une mise en contexte d’autant plus indispensable que l’injonction précitée n’était pas nouvelle, et qu’elle était indissociable de la construction d’une idéologie guerrière fondée sur la récupération, dès la seconde moitié de l’ère Meiji, d’un bushidô, tamisé par le culte impérial. Bien que, sur le plan juridique, les codes militaires fussent plus ambigus, cette idéologie fut non seulement à la base de l’instruction militaire ordinaire du soldat, mais la guerre du Pacifique lui offrit un champ d’expérimentation accréditant la thèse du « fanatisme » du combattant japonais. L’article s’intéresse aussi aux comportements et stratégies de communication développés par les Alliés pour circonvenir l’injonction de non-reddition, dans un contexte difficile de polarisation de la propagande militaire et de brutalisation des combats
Sartre: Traduit par Shahzaman Haque
No full textHusain, Ashfaq. 1994. Mut̤ālaʿah-yi Faiz̤, Yūrap men. Delhi: Educational Publishing House
L’apparition du bruit dans le récit : perception auditive, directionnalité et construction présentative en français et en chinois
No full textInternational audienc
Zhengzhang Shangfang: 华澳语系同源词根研究 Huáo Aò Yŭ xì Tóng yuán Cígēn Yánjiū (Researches on the cognate roots of the Pan-Sino-Austric family) Shanghai: Jiaoyu Chubanshe, 2024. ISBN 978 7 5444 7681 2.
No full textInternational audienceA review of Zhengzhang Shangfang: 华澳语系同源词根研究Huáo Aò Yŭ xì Tóng yuán Cígē n Yánjiū (Researches on the cognateroots of the Pan-Sino-Austric family). Overall Zhengzhang’s model rightly recognizes the membership of Chinese in a largelanguage phylum in mainland and insular East Asia, but the handling of sound correspondence and of loanwords poses numerous problems
