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Une grande femme kanak nous a quittés. Hommage à Déwé Görödé (1er juin 1949 – 14 août 2022)
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When Writing Becomes Calligraphy: Medieval Inscribed Landscapes and their Modern Reception
No full textInternational audienceThis project aims at contextualizing the epigraphy of Zheng Daozhao 鄭道昭 (455-516), a Northern Wei official and Daoist priest, who engraved inscriptions at four mountains—Tianzhu, Daji, Yunfeng, and Linglong—in present-day Shandong during the early 6th century CE.We selected Zheng Daozhao as a case study for its subversive potential in the redefinition of calligraphy, beyond the aesthetic values serving the agenda of the literati elite, and towards an understanding of the strategic choices negotiated by individuals and their local communities between material constraints, the vernacular use of writing and medieval religions.He was ignored by the classical tradition of calligraphy established in the 7th century, and even when his oeuvre was instrumentalized by 18th century intellectuals in their critique of classical standards, these engraved monumental texts on bare, unpolished cliffs, have only been discussed in formal terms and under the shape of rubbings (transfer of the inscriptions from stone to paper), that is, divorced from their physical and socio-religious context. The last thirty years of field archaeology have provided supplementary evidence to build upon, which awaits to be integrated with a better understanding of the medieval context or appropriating and naming mountains, without neglecting the legacy of the early modern critical apparatus and modern visitors to the sites, to propose a diachronic definition of inscribed landscapes.To document the four mountains, we are experimenting diverse methods including maps, 3D models or photogrammetry with LiDAR-equipped phones, archival photographs,and traditional techniques like rubbings.The diversity of media which came to constitute the project's corpus is necessary to fully apprehend the inscribed landscape. This multidimensional object of study requires a multiscale approach (from the territory to the single characters, or even strokes). A total of 94 inscriptions are documented by the project, along with other entities as sites, landmarks, and rubbings, naturally leading us to a relation-object type database. These entities are mostly linked by the authority "events" in a diachronic perspective. Four scales of enquiryAt the broadest level, entire sites function as cohesive entities—“mountain-objects”—designed to serve specific purposes, such as encounters with immortals or the formation of Daoist communities within a locus amoenus. Within these mountains, key landmarks—whether inscribed directly or referenced within inscriptions—act as spatial markers that structure the site: they guide itineraries, designate places for rest, or create spaces for meditation. At the scale of individual inscriptions, both content and visual form must be analyzed in tandem. Finally, zooming in to the level of individual characters enables the study of calligraphic variations across the corpus, comparison with reference models, and exploration of stylistic transfer between media—from stone to paper and vice versa.The inscription "This is the Valley of the White Horse" (Ci bai ju gu 此白駒谷) can be observed across three media: a photograph of the original inscription, a rubbing reproduction, and a brushed copyOn the rock surface, both the form and depth of carvings are meaningful, whereas rubbings flatten these features, capturing only character outlines. These full-scale ink reproductions enabled connoisseurs to collect portable versions of inscriptions, which could then be used as models, where the calligraphic brushstrokes needs to be reconstructed. However, classical calligraphic terminology—rooted in the metaphorical evocation of the brush movement—offers little insight to visually and materially understand these processes. Our thesaurus divided in sections (inscriptions, rubbings, graphic variation), addresses this gap by proposing a descriptive framework that accounts for these intermedial transfers, based on the relationship between gesture and form.A diachronic perspective is essential to fully apprehend the gradual construction of the landscape. At the foot of Mount Linglong, Zheng Daozhao inscribed conglomerate blocks of limestone to mark the location of the "Valley of the White Horse"—subtly integrated into the natural environment. However, in the early 2000s, a pavilion was constructed over the inscription, dramatically altering the perception of this 6th century landmark. To map these changes, this project received a complete photographic archive of more than fifty visits to the sites from 1982 to 2014 from the Japanese epigraphist and calligraphy amateur Gensho Sakata.Later inscriptions engraved between the 10th and 21st centuries constitute half of our corpus. While most of them bear no direct connection to Zheng Daozhao’s oeuvre, they deepen our understanding of the enduring habit of inscribing the landscape.With the Song dynasty (960–1279), a new impulse for inscribing the landscape arises. One inscription recounts how, on the day of Qingming in the year 1103 CE, Ji Lao 吉老and his friends traveled together to this location. After sharing a few drinks, they named the location “Tiger head” 虎头. Unlike the solemn approach to timing (題名)—naming a place through inscription—in medieval inscriptions, this example indicates that by the Song period, the practice had become more informal or spontaneous.During the 18th and 19th centuries, a revival of interest in epigraphic production—particularly in more "brutalist" styles that could fit modern identities—prompted connoisseurs, local officials, and professional rubbing makers to seek out medieval inscriptions. These antiquarian efforts are largely preserved in local gazetteers, offering valuable insights into the reception and reinterpretation of earlier epigraphic practices.As a digital epigraphy project, we build upon this centuries-long tradition of experiencing and documenting inscribed landscapes
Rififi, roudoudou et raplapla, un cas de morphologie gabaritique en français
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The structure of the relative clause in Amharic
No full textInternational audienceIn my presentation, I am going to describe the structure of relative clauses in Amharic. Focusing on how different types of constituents—subjects, objects, and adjuncts—are relativized, I will provide a comprehensive account of the strategies used to form relative clauses, commenting on the role of the linker jä(mm) on relative verbs and the use (or lack) of resumptive pronouns to crossreference the relativized constituent. Special attention is given to the morphosyntactic marking of relative clauses as constituents within matrix clauses, including case marking patterns that vary depending on the grammatical role of the relativized element. The findings contribute to the typology of relativization strategies across languages and enhance our understanding of the interface between syntax and morphology in Amharic
Chinese Borrowed Adjectives in Dörbed Mongolian Community Language and Dongxiang: A Cross-Mongolic Pattern?
No full textInternational audienceHow Chinese borrowed adjectives are integrated into two Mongolic languages of China: the Dörbed Mongolian Community Language (DMCL) in Heilongjiang and the Dongxiang language in Gansu.• Despite similar contact with Chinese, these languages show distinct morphosyntactic strategies for incorporating borrowed adjectives.• Using published research (Bao 2011, Ma 2020) and fieldwork (Lefort 2023,2024) , we examine the types of adjectives borrowed and the morphological mechanisms that govern their integration.• Special attention to the lexicalization and the grammaticalization of Chinese particles DE 的 (attributive) and DE 地 (adverbial). Predicative • Quality adjectives require DE 的 (1) Tāmen-de jiā lěngqīngqīng DE 3PL-GEN house quiet.DE 'Their house is very quiet' • State adjectives require degree adverb (2) Tāde chènyī tài duǎn 3SG-GEN shirt very short 'His shirt is short' 3. Chinese adjectives Adverbial • Homophonous particle DE 地 is required with disyllabic adjectives in preverbal positions, e.g. 快速地跑 kuàisù de pǎo -'run quickly' • DE 地 is ungrammatical with most monosyllabic ones Attributive • DE 的 is used in descriptive phrase, e.g. 红的花 hóng DE huā 'a flower that is red' • Classificatory reading, e.g. 红花 hóng huā 'a red flower' • Disyllabic or reduplicated adjectives require DE 的, e.g. 圆圆 的桌子 yuányuán DE zhuōzi 'a round table'</div
Le sujet et la subjectivité au Japon: Approches linguistique, littéraire et philosophique
No full textInternational audienceComment se pense le sujet dans la culture japonaise où la notion d’individualité se conçoit selon d’autres modalités qu’en Occident ? Quels sont les modes d’expression et les traces du « je » dans l’activité langagière ?Dans une approche transdisciplinaire alliant linguistique, philosophie et littérature, le présent ouvrage explore les spécificités du concept de subjectivité dans la langue et la culture japonaises à travers ses formes et réalisations linguistiques.Avec les synthèses théoriques proposées en première partie, la présentation de travaux significatifs, un travail de traduction de la terminologie spécialisée et une bibliographie fournie, cet ouvrage s’adresse non seulement aux collègues et étudiants japonisants, mais aussi à un lectorat plus large intéressé par cette problématique et apportera aux lecteurs quelques clés pour mieux comprendre la subjectivité en japonais, ainsi que la notion de subjectivité elle-même
Ethnolinguistique – Anthropologie linguistique : histoires et études de cas
No full textInternational audienceÉtude du langage en lien avec ses contextes d’usage, culturels et sociaux, le domaine de l’anthropologie linguistique est particulièrement vaste, tant par la diversité de ses objets que par son approche résolument interdisciplinaire. Le présent ouvrage entreprend de croiser des réflexions d'ordre historique, épistémologique et méthodologique afin de prendre du recul face à la richesse et à la complexité du domaine.Un éclairage historique est apporté par l'exploration des différentes voies suivies par la discipline en France depuis le début du 20e siècle, et par l’analyse du processus même de constitution des savoirs dans la longue durée. À partir de différentes études, l'ouvrage questionne également l’intégration par l’anthropologie linguistique d’approches issues de la pragmatique, et son articulation à des sous-domaines disciplinaires spécifiques, tels l’anthropologie médicale ou les études médiatiques. Enfin, des contributions se consacrent à la performance et à l’analyse ethnopoétique, ouvrant des perspectives complémentaires sur les pratiques langagières
Introduction: Order(ing) and Agency in the Indo-Pacific: Analytical Issues and the Contributions of this Volume
No full textInternational audienceThis chapter provides an introduction to the volume. It first charts the rise of the Indo-Pacific as a strategic space and discusses Indo-Pacific dynamics. The chapter then addresses two core analytical concepts, i.e. order(ing) and agency. Finally, it introduces the individual contributions to the volume which examines two central aspects of the contemporary Indo-Pacific landscape that are crucial for understanding regional dynamics: On the one hand the contested nature of the meaning and purpose of the Indo-Pacific, resulting in a complex interplay between regional multilateral and minilateral arrangements. On the other, the agency of small and middle powers in this strategic space
